RESUMEN

Since 1984, nearly 1,000 people have been killed in the Brazilian Amazon due to land conflicts stemming from unequal distribution of land, land tenure insecurity, and lawlessness. During this same period, the region experienced almost complete deforestation (< 8% forest cover by 2010). Land conflict exacts a human toll, but it also affects agents' decisions about land use, the subject of this article. Using a property-level panel dataset covering the period of redemocratization in Brazil (1984) until the privatization of long-term leases in the Eastern Amazon (2010), we show that deforestation is affected by land conflict, particularly in cases of expropriation of property for agrarian reform settlement formation and when that conflict involves fatalities. Deforestation on agrarian reform settlements is much greater when soils are poor for agriculture and when the land has been the object of past conflict. Deforestation and conflict are episodic, and both agronomic drivers and contentious drivers of land change are active in the region. Ultimately, the outcome of these processes of contentious and agronomic land change is substantial deforestation, regardless of who was in possession and control of the land.

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RESUMEN

O Programa de Valorização do Profissional da Atenção Básica (Provab) e o Programa Mais Médicos são estratégias diferentes adotadas em paralelo pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) para enfrentar a falta de médicos na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), que convergem no objetivo de atrair brasileiros para atuar em áreas vulneráveis do país. Este artigo analisa perfil e motivações dos egressos do Provab que migraram para o Mais Médicos em 2016. Foram utilizados dados secundários do MS de um survey de monitoramento do Provab. Os resultados apontam que o Provab atraiu recém-egressos de Medicina e dão indícios de que o bônus de 10% ofertado aos que o concluem vem tornando o Provab uma via alternativa de acesso ao Mais Médicos para médicos com pouca experiência e indecisos sobre os rumos profissionais, mas que demonstram entusiasmo crescente em relação à Atenção Básica.

The Primary Care Professional Valorization Program (Provab) and the More Doctors Program are different strategies that were adopted simultaneously by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to tackle the lack of primary care physicians in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), and they have the converging objective of recruiting Brazilians to work in vulnerable areas around the country. This paper analyzes the profiles and motivations of Provab professionals who migrated to the More Doctors Program in 2016. Secondary data from a Provab monitoring survey carried out by the Ministry of Health were used. The results showed that Provab attracted recently graduated physicians and suggest that the 10% bonus offered to graduates is making Provab a viable alternative to accessing the More Doctors Program for inexperienced physicians who have not yet chosen their career paths, but who are increasingly enthusiastic with regard to primary care.

El Programa de Valorización del Profesional de la Atención Básica (Provab) y el Programa Más Médicos son estrategias diferentes adoptadas en paralelo por el Ministerio de la Salud para enfrentar la falta de médicos en la Atención Básica del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) que convergen en el objetivo de atraer a brasileños para que actúen en áreas vulnerables del país. Este artículo analiza el perfil y las motivaciones de los egresados del Provab que migraron para el Más Médicos en 2016. Se utilizaron datos secundarios del MS de una survey de monitoreo del Provab. Los resultados señalan que el Provab atrajo a recién egresados de medicina y dan indicios de que el bono del 10% ofrecido a los que lo concluyen ha convertido al Provab en una vía alternativa de acceso al Más Médicos para médicos con poca experiencia e indecisos sobre los rumbos profesionales, pero que demuestran un entusiasmo creciente con relación a la Atención Básica.

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