RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The GLI2012 (Global Lung Initiative 2012) has provided the largest data set to date for multi-ethnic spirometry reference equations; however, data on African populations are limited. In pulmonary function testing, diagnosis of lung disorder is based on comparing the individual's lung function to a reference appropriate for sex and ethnicity.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting spirometry results in healthy children and adults in Africa. Data from these studies were collated for Z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (zFEV1), forced vital capacity (zFVC) and zFEV1/FVC compared to GLI reference equations.RESULTS: Nine studies, covering a total of 4750 individuals from North, South, East, West and Central Africa (52% were female), were reviewed. Marked differences were noted between individuals from North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. The Southern zFEV1 (-0.12 ± 0.98), zFVC (-0.15 ± 0.98) and zFEV1/FVC (0.05 ± 0.89), Central zFEV1 (-0.16 ± 0.79), zFVC (-0.09 ± 0.83) and zFEV1/FVC (-0.17 ± 0.71) and East African zFEV1 (0.10 ± 0.88), zFVC (0.16 ± 0.85) and zFEV1/FVC (-0.10 ± 0.95) cohorts had an excellent fit with the GLI-African American. The West African showed a poor fit to all reference equations. The North African group showed the best fit for the GLI Caucasian zFEV1 (-0.12 ± 1.37), zFVC (-0.26 ± 1.36) and zFEV1/FVC (0.25 ± 1.11). The zFEV1/FVC ratios were stable across all the populations.CONCLUSION: Current evidence seems to support the use of GLI2012 reference values in North African and sub-Saharan African populations after taking into account ethnic correction factors.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Espirometría/métodos , Adulto , África , Niño , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/fisiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/fisiopatología , Masculino , Valores de Referencia , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria/métodos , Capacidad Vital/fisiologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate the risk of disruption of distal airways in children exposed to pollutants automobiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study included 156 children selected assigned in groups "Most Exposed" and "Less Exposed" separated respectively 15 meters and 150 meters of road traffic. Children in both groups were subjected to lung function tests before and after an exercise test that was to perform a series of flexion / extension of the knees to the fatigue. FEV and MEF(25) were parameters selected. RESULTS: Change in FEV post exercise of each group is below 5%. The group "Less Exposed" presented a mean value of MEF(25) before exercise similar to that recorded after exercise. Within the group "Most Exposed", the mean value of MEF(25) post exercise is significantly lower than that observed at rest of 8.65%. CONCLUSION: The fact of living permanently near the traffic, poses serious risks of disruption of the distal airways.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Emisiones de Vehículos/toxicidad , Benin , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Espasmo Bronquial/etiología , Clima , Ejercicio Físico , Humedad , Adulto , Benin , HumanosRESUMEN
AIM: Asthma affecting elite athletes has been studied mainly in subjects practicing winter sports. The aim of our study was to test the pulmonary function in order to evaluate bronchial hyper-responsiveness prevalence in a team of 25 male professional cyclists (27.9+/-3.9 years old with a VO(2max) equal to 69.9+/-6.6 mL.min(-1) x kg(-1)). METHODS: Using a questionnaire that queried the presence or absence of asthma history or common symptoms of exercise induced bronchospasm, 72% of the subjects had upper airway or bronchial symptoms. Using a pneumotachograph, we recorded a forced flow-volume curve at rest, after a maximal exercise test with ambient air, and after beta2-agonist inhalation, then during a methacholine challenge. RESULTS: In our study, 52% of the subjects showed clinical symptoms associated with bronchial responsiveness during methacholine test, a proportion which is much higher than the average population (3-20%). However, ERS-ATS pulmonary function testing criteria at rest (reduced FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%) were not fulfilled by any of them. In the asthmatic group, O2max was significantly higher (70.5+/-6 vs 68.6+/-8.2 mL.min-1.kg-1, P<0.05). This remained true for submaximal loads suggesting that ventilation energy cost related to bronchial hyper-responsiveness was also higher. CONCLUSIONS: We have reported in this study that professional cyclists have a far higher prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness than the average population, which can be regarded as a real health issue.