RESUMEN
Milk is a liquid food that possesses an important quantity of highly bioavailable macronutrients. In addition, it is readily accessible, as well as relatively inexpensive. Given that the knowledge of physicians about nutrition and food composition is deficient, in general, many of the dietary interventions recommended in diverse clinical settings lack a scientific basis. The aim of the present review was to produce a technical opinion that serves as a frame of reference to best sustain recommendations for consuming milk and dairy products as daily nutrition in the adult and older adult. The effects of milk and dairy products during the pediatric stage are not addressed in the present work. The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría jointly discussed and analyzed topics dealing with the legal designation of milk, the classification and nutritional profile of cow's milk, its nutritional characteristics, its consumption in the adult, intolerance to cow's milk, and associations of milk consumption with digestive tract alterations and other conditions. Finally, certain aspects of milk consumption in the older adult and its relation to overall health are briefly discussed.
Asunto(s)
Productos Lácteos , Leche , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Bovinos , Consenso , Fenómenos Fisiológicos del Sistema Digestivo , Salud , Humanos , México , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main etiologic agent of chronic gastritis and it is an important cause of gastric damage. The celiac disease can affect the morphology and the function of the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the colon and it is frequently associated with chronic gastritis. AIM: to assess the presence of H. pylori in gastric biopsies and in feces of pediatric patients with celiac disease and to relate it with the symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pediatric patients with celiac disease attending the Gastroenterology Service at the "Avelino Castelán" Hospital in Resistencia (Argentina) were included in the study. Gastric biopsies samples were obtained by endoscopy for histological studies, the symptoms and socio-epidemiological characteristics were recorded and the polimerase chain reaction(PCR) was applied in feces in order to detect the presence of H. pylori. RESULTS: Thirty one patients with celiac disease were studied (16 female and 15 male; age range:1-14 years; median 6.7 years); 14 (45.2%) were positive for H. pylori in gastric biopsy and among them, only 2 (14.2%) were positive for H. pylori in stool samples. There were not significant differences between symptoms between H. pylori positive and negative patients. CONCLUSION: 45.2% of the patients with celiac disease were infected by H. pylori. There was no correlation between the frequencies of bacterial detection in feces and in gastric biopsies. The clinical manifestations of celiac disease did not increase in children infected with H. pylori.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Celíaca/microbiología , Heces/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Estómago/microbiología , Estómago/patología , Adolescente , Biopsia , Enfermedad Celíaca/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was characterize the prevalence of high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLRA) in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, determine the relationship between high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) and other aminoglycosides, and their distribution according clinical samples (blood, urine and others). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 177 strain (157 E. faecalis and 20 E. faecium) isolated from 1996 to 1998 were studied. They were identified by using classic methods. Their susceptibility to gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin was tested by the disk diffusion technique using high-level disks in agar Müller Hinton. RESULTS: E. faecalis showed HLRG of 28.7%, streptomycin 28.7% and kanamycin 37.6%, E. faecium showed 50%, 40%, and 60% respectively. The strains with HLRA have a tendency to high-level resistances to streptomycin and kanamycin (p < 0.0005). Statistical analysis demonstrated significative differences among strains with HLRA isolated from blood, urine and other clinical samples (p < 0.0005 to gentamicin and streptomycin and 0.004 < p < 0.007 to kanamycin). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HLRA enterococci found in the area os this study, justify its detection, particularity in cases of serious infections.
Asunto(s)
Aminoglicósidos/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Argentina , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Gentamicinas/farmacología , Humanos , Prevalencia , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
The aim of the present work was to analyse the phenotypical characteristics of Shigella strains in order to evaluate their possible utilisation as epidemiological markers. For one year, we studied 95 strains of Shigella obtained from stool specimens of patients with dysentery. Bacteria came from various health care centres in the states of Chaco and Corrientes (Argentina). Bacteria were identified by using classical biochemical methods. All strains were serotyped and susceptibility patterns were determined using thirteen antibiotics. Bacteriocin typing was determined by the sensitivity to piocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to marcescins of Serratia marcescens. Colicin production in S. sonnei was also studied. Among all the strains examined, the most prevalent was Shigella flexneri (82%) followed by Shigella sonnei (18%). The most frequent serotype among S. flexneri was 2 (93%), followed by serotypes 6 (4%), 1 (1.5%), and 3 (1.5%). S. sonnei strains were classified in 7 antibiotypes, 6 piocin types, 3 marcescin types, and 4 colicin types. Strains of S. flexneri type 2 were divided among 14 antibiotypes, 4 piocin types and 2 marcescin types. Simpson's index of diversity was applied to evaluate the discriminatory power of studied typing methods, both alone and combined. Our results indicate that when taken independently, none of the evaluated typing methods had discriminative power, but when taken together, they may be successfully used for the epidemiological typing of Shigella strains.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriocinas/farmacología , Disentería Bacilar/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Serotipificación , Shigella/clasificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Colicinas/biosíntesis , Humanos , Shigella/efectos de los fármacos , Shigella/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In the present work was studied the prevalence, distribution in clinical specimens, and antimicrobial susceptibility of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) from patients attended at Hospital "Angela I. de Llano" (Corrientes, Argentina). A total of 125 strains of NFGNB were recovered from various clinical specimens from July, 1997 to December, 1998. Isolates were identified by classical biochemical tests. Drug sensitivity was performed by standard methods with cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), piperacillin (PIP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TAZ), imipenem (IMP), amikacin (AKN), gentamicin (GEN) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The most common isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (48.8%); Acinetobacter baumannii (16.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (6.4%), Chryseobacterium spp. (5.6%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (4%), and others (18.4%). Most of them were recovered from respiratory secretions (36.0%), and urine (26.4%). IMP was the most effective antimicrobial. Many species of NFGNB showed resistance to several antibiotics tested (CTX, GEN, AMS, and CIP). Due to multiresistance found by more prevalent NFGNB, constant survey of antibacterial sensibility are essential for a correct control and management of nosocomial infections, and ambulatory patients with some risk factors.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Fermentación , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The faucial carrying of Streptococcus pyogenes in patients presenting impetigo was determined as a risk factor for non-suppurative complications (acute glomerulonephritis). The fauces cultures of these patients revealed a S. pyogenes colonization of 65% and all the isolates were penicillin-sensitive. It was concluded that the high percent of faucial colonization made a systemic antimicrobial treatment necessary.