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BACKGROUNDThe ongoing worldwide outbreak of the 2019-nCoV is markedly similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak 17 years ago. During the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers formed a special population of patients. Although virus-specific IgG play important roles in virus neutralization and prevention against future infection, limited information is available regarding the long term persistence of IgG after infection with SARS-like coronavirus. METHODSA long-term prospective cohort study followed 34 SARS-CoV-infected healthcare workers from a hospital with clustered infected cases during the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak in Guangzhou, China, with a 13-year follow-up. Serum samples were collected annually from 2003-2015. Twenty SARS-CoV-infected and 40 non-infected healthcare workers were enrolled in 2015, and their serum samples were collected. All sera were tested for IgG antibodies with ELISA using whole virus and a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV, as a diagnostic antigen. RESULTSAnti SARS-CoV IgG was found to persist for up to 12 years. IgG titers typically peaked in 2004, declining rapidly from 2004-2006, and then continued to decline at a slower rate. IgG titers in SARS-CoV-infected healthcare workers remained at a significantly high level until 2015. Patients treated with corticosteroids at the time of infection were found to have lower IgG titers than those without. CONCLUSIONSIgG antibodies against SARS-CoV can persist for at least 12 years. The presence of SARS-CoV IgG might provide protection against SARS-CoV and other betacoronavirus. This study provides valuable information regarding humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV and the 2019-nCoV.

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With the development of specialization and specialist differentiation of modem medicine,the developing mode of "reducing and specializing" has promoted the explosive growth of medical knowledge.Meanwhile,the medical practice based on medical knowledge is being fragmented,and medical activities are gradually moving away from the'people-oriented'core value.Therefore,current medical modality needs to be transformed into a "holistic medicine" stage,which also requires reforms of medical personnel cultivation,including the emphasizes of holistic view as well as multidisciplinary integration.Medical schools are exploring paths to achieve holistic medicine-oriented education and training of students.Currently,the concept of holistic medicine have begun to permeate in medical curriculum design and teaching method innovationand yet needs to befurther deepened in understanding and practicing the essence of the holistic medical modality in the future.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiology characteristics of norovirus among diarrheal outpatients in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diarrhea cases were monitored at emergency/outpatient departments at 173 hospitals in 27 provinces of China, with clinical and epidemiological data, and fecal specimens collected and sent to 58 network-laboratories to detect norovirus by RT-PCR method, and to analyze the positive rate of norovirus in various regions, population and time during 2009-2013.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>11.6% of the 34 031 diarrheal cases under surveillance were found with norovirus. Age group of 6-23 month-old children and that of people over 45 years old were found with the highest positive percentage, 13.7% and 12.4% respectively. Positive percentage of norovirus peaks in autumn and winter in a year; it peaks in mid-temperate zones (10.7%) and warm-temperate zones (11.6%) in winter. It peaks in sub-tropical zones in autumn (14.3%). The most prevalent genogroups detected were norovirus G II, accounting for 89.9% of identified strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Norovirus affects all ages and was most prevalent in children and the elderly among diarrhea outpatients. Norovirus' positive percentage showed strong seasonal pattern, and peaks at different times of a year in different climate zones of China. Since no effective preventive measures existed, further study on norovirus epidemiology and intervention strategies should be conducted in future.</p>

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Both viral diseases and cancer account for a large proportion of serious health problems.Viral infection and cancer are biologically and medically correlated and in many ways share common cellular pathways that lead to disease development or progression.Better understanding how these signaling events are specifically activated by different pathogenic stimuli and how they activate different downstream transcriptions in response to these stimuli at high specificity and efficiency will provide a new molecular basis for the development of novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic or preventive targets against both classes of diseases.Research in our laboratory has been prompted to investigate the regulation and modes of action of these pathways,with a more intensive focus on the NF-кB signaling,in the settings of severe or oncogenic viral infection as well as cancer development.It is hoped that our research will lead to eventual clinical application of biomarkers derived from these signaling pathways.