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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of the AIDS incidence rate in Brazil from 2005 to 2020. METHODS: This is an ecological, temporal, and spatial study on AIDS cases in Brazil. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were stratified by year of diagnosis, region of the country/municipalities of residence, and age group (over 13 years). Incidence rates were calculated for temporal estimation using the Joinpoint model, as well as Spatial Empirical Bayes (SEB) for spatial distribution, using the Kernel density estimator. RESULTS: The incidence rate in Brazil, in 2020, was 17.69 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The general trend (2005-2020) was decrease in Brazil (Annual Percent Change - APC=-2.0%), in the Southeast (APC=-4.4%) and South (APC=-3.0%) regions. The North (APC=2.3%) showed an increase trend, whereas the Southeast and Midwest regions were stationary (p>0.05). Brazil, Southeast, South, and Midwest regions showed a decrease trend in most age groups. The Northeast and North regions showed an increase in the age groups of 13-29 years and 13-24 years, respectively. The Kernel estimator showed clusters with SEB above 30/10 thousand inhabitants in the states of Paraíba, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina. CONCLUSION: Brazil, the Southeast, and South regions showed a decrease in the incidence rate, whereas the North region increased and the Northeast and Midwest regions were stationary. The Southeast, South, and Northeast regions presented the largest clusters of SEB.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Teorema de Bayes , Sistemas de Información , IncidenciaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of the AIDS incidence rate in Brazil from 2005 to 2020. Methods: This is an ecological, temporal, and spatial study on AIDS cases in Brazil. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were stratified by year of diagnosis, region of the country/municipalities of residence, and age group (over 13 years). Incidence rates were calculated for temporal estimation using the Joinpoint model, as well as Spatial Empirical Bayes (SEB) for spatial distribution, using the Kernel density estimator. Results: The incidence rate in Brazil, in 2020, was 17.69 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The general trend (2005-2020) was decrease in Brazil (Annual Percent Change - APC=-2.0%), in the Southeast (APC=-4.4%) and South (APC=-3.0%) regions. The North (APC=2.3%) showed an increase trend, whereas the Southeast and Midwest regions were stationary (p>0.05). Brazil, Southeast, South, and Midwest regions showed a decrease trend in most age groups. The Northeast and North regions showed an increase in the age groups of 13-29 years and 13-24 years, respectively. The Kernel estimator showed clusters with SEB above 30/10 thousand inhabitants in the states of Paraíba, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina. Conclusion: Brazil, the Southeast, and South regions showed a decrease in the incidence rate, whereas the North region increased and the Northeast and Midwest regions were stationary. The Southeast, South, and Northeast regions presented the largest clusters of SEB.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência temporal da taxa de incidência de AIDS no Brasil no período de 2005 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, temporal e espacial sobre os casos de AIDS no Brasil. Dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde foram estratificados por ano do diagnóstico, região do país/municípios de residência e faixa etária (acima de 13 anos). Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência (TI) para a estimativa temporal por meio do modelo de joinpoint, bem como as taxas bayesianas empíricas espaciais (TBEE) para a distribuição espacial pelo estimador de densidade de Kernel. Resultados: A TI no Brasil no ano de 2020 foi de 17,69 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. A tendência geral (2005-2020) foi de diminuição no Brasil (variação percentual anual — VPA=-2,0%), Sudeste (VPA=-4,4%) e Sul (VPA=-3,0%). O Norte (VPA=2,3%) demonstrou aumento, enquanto o Sudeste e Centro-oeste foram estacionários (p>0,05). O Brasil, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-oeste apresentaram tendência de diminuição na maioria das faixas etárias. O Nordeste e Norte apresentaram aumento nas faixas etárias de 13 a 29 anos e 13 a 24 anos, respectivamente. O estimador de Kernel demonstrou conglomerados com TBEE acima de 30/10 mil habitantes nos estados de Paraíba, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Conclusão: O Brasil e as Regiões Sudeste e Sul apresentaram diminuição da TI, enquanto o Norte aumentou e o Nordeste e Centro-oeste foram estacionários. As Regiões Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste apresentaram os maiores conglomerados das TBEE.
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Background: Congenital syphilis is an important public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Poor neonatal health outcomes associated with the disease may lead to maternal psychological distress and feelings of helplessness. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life, anxiety levels, depressive symptoms, and sexual function in mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: This cohort study compared patient-centered outcomes between mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis and mothers of healthy neonates during the first three months of the postpartum period. The study was conducted in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil, a region with one of the highest rates of congenital syphilis (14·1 cases per 1000 live births). Quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, and sexual function were evaluated by using the World Health Organization Quality of Live - shortened version (WHOQoL-BREF) instrument, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Female Sexual Function Index, respectively. Unadjusted differences between groups were anayzed by using the Mann-Whitney test. Glass's delta with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the effect size. Findings: Sixty-three women were included in each group. During the in-hospital stay, mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis had lower scores for overall quality of life (p < 0·001; large effect size: -0·559 [95% CI -0·683 to -0·405]) and higher levels of anxiety (p < 0·001; large effect size: 0·558 [95% CI 0·403 to 0·681]) and depressive symptoms (p < 0·001; large effect size: 0·561 [95% CI 0·407 to 0·684]) than mothers of healthy neonates. Three months after childbirth, we found persistent depressive symptoms (p = 0·021; small effect size: 0·239 [95% CI 0·041 to 0·419]) and low overall sexual function (p = 0·041; small effect size: -0·211 [95% CI -0·394 to -0·012]) among mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis compared to the control group. Interpretation: Mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis present poorer quality of life, mental health, and sexual function compared to mothers of healthy neonates. Funding: Brazilian Federal Agency for Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the compliance with the assistance and the adhesion of nursing professionals for the safe administration of drugs in an Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. METHOD Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out by direct non-participant observation. Data collection performed in 2015. Non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, consisting in the observation of 557 doses of prepared and administered drugs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS The items classified as safe care were: correct via (85.7%) and correct form (100%). The items classified as undesirable care were: correct patient (33.3%), correct medication (66.67%), correct dose (50%), correct register (33.33%), correct orientation (0%), and correct time (50%). CONCLUSION The practice was evaluated according to Carte's positivity index as undesirable care, considering that six of the eight items had low adhesion. The found weaknesses compromised the whole process of drug administration.
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Enfermería de Cuidados Críticos , Adhesión a Directriz , Errores de Medicación/prevención & control , Seguridad del Paciente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Composición de Medicamentos , Femenino , Higiene de las Manos , Hospitales Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Asistentes de Enfermería/psicología , Sistemas de Identificación de PacientesRESUMEN
Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a conformidade da assistência e a adesão dos profissionais de enfermagem para a administração segura de medicamentos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público de Sergipe, Brasil. MÉTODO Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de corte transversal realizado por meio de observação direta não participante. Coleta realizada em 2015. Amostra não probabilística, por conveniência, constituída da observação de 557 doses de medicamentos preparados e administrados. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS Foram classificados como assistência segura os itens via certa (85,7%) e forma certa (100%) e como assistência sofrível os itens paciente certo (33,3%), medicamento certo (66,67%), dose certa (50%), registro certo (33,33%), orientação certa (0%) e hora certa (50%). CONCLUSÃO A prática avaliada foi classificada segundo o índice de positividade de Carter como assistência sofrível, considerando que seis dos oito itens avaliados alcançaram baixa adesão. As fragilidades encontradas comprometem todo o processo de administração de medicamentos.
Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar la conformidad de la asistencia y la adhesión de los profesionales de enfermería para la administración segura de medicamentos en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital público de Sergipe, Brasil. MÉTODO Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal realizado por observación directa no participante. La recolección de datos fue realizada en 2015. Muestreo no probabilística, por conveniencia, compuesto por observación de 557 dosis de medicamentos preparados y administrados. Para el análisis de los datos, fue utilizada estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS Fueron clasificados como asistencia segura los artículos vía correcta (85,7%) y forma correcta (100%) y como asistencia sufrible los artículos paciente correcto (33,3%), medicamento correcto (66,67%), dosis correcta (50%), registro correcto (33,33%), orientación correcta (0%) y hora correcta (50%). CONCLUSIÓN La práctica fue evaluada de acuerdo con el índice de positividad de Carter como asistencia sufrible, considerando que seis de ocho artículos tuvieron baja adhesión. Las fragilidades encontradas comprometen todo el proceso de administración de medicamentos.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the compliance with the assistance and the adhesion of nursing professionals for the safe administration of drugs in an Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. METHOD Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out by direct non-participant observation. Data collection performed in 2015. Non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, consisting in the observation of 557 doses of prepared and administered drugs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS The items classified as safe care were: correct via (85.7%) and correct form (100%). The items classified as undesirable care were: correct patient (33.3%), correct medication (66.67%), correct dose (50%), correct register (33.33%), correct orientation (0%), and correct time (50%). CONCLUSION The practice was evaluated according to Carte's positivity index as undesirable care, considering that six of the eight items had low adhesion. The found weaknesses compromised the whole process of drug administration.