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Abstract The interest in microalga as a food supplement has grown due their high contents of carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and proteins. This study evaluated the effect of different temperatures (22, 27 or 32 °C) and sodium nitrate concentrations (12, 24, 36, 48 or 60 mg L-1 of N-NO3) in culture medium on Heterochlorella luteoviridis biomass production and composition. The highest biomass concentration (3.35 g L-1) was observed at the highest N-NO3 concentration. The N-NO3 concentration positively affected protein, carbohydrate and carotenoids contents of biomass. On the other hand, cells cultured at the lowest N-NO3 concentration showed a slight increment in lipid content. The major carotenoid was lutein (30.7 ± 1.4% of total carotenoids), and the polyunsaturated fatty acids were 37 ± 2% of total fatty acids. Low temperature improved the biosynthesis of ω3 type fatty acids by lowering the ω6:ω3 ratio. Overall, our results indicate H. luteoviridis can yield high biomass concentration under autotrophic growth, resulting in a biomass rich in carotenoids, mainly lutein, and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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BACKGROUND: Microalgae have been used as food supplements owing to their high protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid and carotenoid contents. As different carotenoids have distinct properties and the carotenoid composition of microalgae has been poorly explored in the literature, this study determined the complete carotenoid composition of two microalgae species, Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS2 ). Additionally, the proximate composition and major minerals were evaluated. RESULTS: The carotenoid composition of the two microalgae was similar, with 13 carotenoids being found in H. luteoviridis and 12 in D. tertiolecta. The major carotenoids were all-trans-lutein (1.18 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 1.59 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta), all-trans-violaxanthin (0.52 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.45 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta) and all-trans-ß-carotene (0.50 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.62 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta). All-trans-lutein was the predominant carotenoid in both microalgae, representing around 40% (mass fraction) of the total carotenoids. The lutein content found in these microalgae was significantly higher (2-40 times) than that in other important food sources of lutein (e.g. parsley, carrot, red pepper and broccoli). CONCLUSION: The microalgae H. luteoviridis and D. tertiolecta are excellent sources of lutein that could be commercially exploited by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, it was confirmed that both microalgae are good sources of protein, lipids and calcium. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um embutido de frango defumado e maturado (tipo salame), a partir de coxas e sobrecoxas de frango e toucinho suíno, com características diferenciadas, aumentando a vida útil e agregando valor à carne de frango. Para tal avaliou-se a viabilidade do desenvolvimento do produto através da Escala Fact. Após produziu-se um embutido de frango defumado maturado avaliando-se diferentes formulações. Obteve-se uma formulação com características adequadas, esta foi submetida a avaliação da composição físico-química e microbiológica, obtendo-se valores dentro do previsto pela legislação vigente para salames. Posteriormente, o produto foi avaliado sensorialmente para verificar a aceitabilidade e preferência por parte dos consumidores, utilizando-se a Escala Hedônica, onde a média das notas dos provadores foi de 7,44, valor este que representa uma aceitação relativamente alta, e a Escala do Ideal, os atributos cor, sabor, maciez e sensação de gordura encontraram-se próximos ao ideal. Pelos resultados obtidos nas análises realizadas, foi possível o desenvolvimento de um embutido defumado e maturado (tipo salame), utilizando-se como matéria-prima a carne de frango.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um embutido de frango defumado e maturado (tipo salame), a partir de coxas e sobrecoxas de frango e toucinho suíno, com características diferenciadas, aumentando a vida útil e agregando valor à carne de frango. Para tal avaliou-se a viabilidade do desenvolvimento do produto através da Escala Fact. Após produziu-se um embutido de frango defumado maturado avaliando-se diferentes formulações. Obteve-se uma formulação com características adequadas, esta foi submetida a avaliação da composição físico-química e microbiológica, obtendo-se valores dentro do previsto pela legislação vigente para salames. Posteriormente, o produto foi avaliado sensorialmente para verificar a aceitabilidade e preferência por parte dos consumidores, utilizando-se a Escala Hedônica, onde a média das notas dos provadores foi de 7,44, valor este que representa uma aceitação relativamente alta, e a Escala do Ideal, os atributos cor, sabor, maciez e sensação de gordura encontraram-se próximos ao ideal. Pelos resultados obtidos nas análises realizadas, foi possível o desenvolvimento de um embutido defumado e maturado (tipo salame), utilizando-se como matéria-prima a carne de frango.(AU)

The present study has as objective to develop an inlaid food of cured and ripe chicken (Salame Type) from thighs and over thighs of chicken and swine lard, with differentiated characteristics increasing the useful life and adding value to the chicken meat. For that it was evaluated the viability of the development of the product through Fact Scale. After that an inlaid food of cured and ripe chicken was produced evaluating different formularizations. When a formularization with adjusted characteristics was gotten, was submitted to an evaluation of the physical- chemical and microbiological composition, getting values among of the foreseen by the current law for salame. Later the product was sensorially evaluated ta verify the acceptability and preference by the consumers, using the Hedonic Scale, where the average of scores of the tasters was 7,44 value which this that represents a relatively high acceptance, and the Ideal Scale the color, flavor, smoothness and sensation of fat attributes have realhed the ideal ones. According to the gotten results in the accomplished analyses it has been possible the development of a cured and ripe inlaid (tipo salame) using as raw material the chicken meat. (AU)

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