RESUMEN
Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.
Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Miel/análisis , Antioxidantes , Fenoles/análisis , Brasil , Ácidos CumáricosRESUMEN
Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.
Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiology and production of sugar-apple as a function of irrigation intervals and foliar application of proline under the conditions of Paraíba's semi-arid region. A randomized block design was laid out in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with treatments resulting from the combination of four irrigation intervals (1, 4, 8 and 12 days) and two concentrations of proline (0 and 10 mM), with four replicates, and the plot consisted of four usable plants. Increase in irrigation intervals reduced the gas exchange of sugar-apple plants at 298 days after transplanting. Exogenous application of proline at concentration of 10 mM increased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and fruit fresh mass in plants grown under 12-day irrigation intervals.
Asunto(s)
Deshidratación , Malus , Clorofila A , Prolina , AzúcaresRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiology and production of sugar-apple as a function of irrigation intervals and foliar application of proline under the conditions of Paraíba's semi-arid region. A randomized block design was laid out in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with treatments resulting from the combination of four irrigation intervals (1, 4, 8 and 12 days) and two concentrations of proline (0 and 10 mM), with four replicates, and the plot consisted of four usable plants. Increase in irrigation intervals reduced the gas exchange of sugar-apple plants at 298 days after transplanting. Exogenous application of proline at concentration of 10 mM increased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and fruit fresh mass in plants grown under 12-day irrigation intervals.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fisiologia e a produção da pinheira em função dos turnos de rega e aplicação foliar de prolina em condições do semiárido Paraibano. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, cujos tratamentos resultam da combinação de quatro turno de rega (1, 4, 8 e 12 dias) e duas concentrações de prolina (0 e 10 mM), com quatro repetições, cuja a parcela foi constituída de quatro plantas úteis. O incremento nos turnos de rega reduziu as trocas gasosas das plantas de pinheira, aos 298 dias após o transplantio. A aplicação de prolina na concentração de 10 mM aumentou o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar, a condutância estomática e diminuiu a concentração interna de CO2 das plantas de pinheira. A aplicação exógena de prolina na concentração de 10 mM aumentou os teores de clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides e a massa fresca de frutos nas plantas cultivadas sob turno de rega de 12 dias.
Asunto(s)
Prolina/administración & dosificación , Rollinia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rollinia/fisiología , DeshidrataciónRESUMEN
Partial or complete bladder eversion is a rare condition of poor prognosis in cows, commonly associated with intense tenesmus observed in the peripartum period. A 14-year-old obese Nellore cow at 280 days of gestation was referred with 24-hour bladder prolapse. The bladder was complete eversion through the vulvar vestibule showing a thick congested wall and small residual urine volume. After clinical examination, the cow received scopolamine butylbromide and intercoccygeal epidural anesthesia, and the externalized bladder segment was partially reduced, remaining only 10 cm externalized. The cow was maintained with an intravesical human gastric tube number 16 and constant monitoring. The eversion was fully reduced after 12 hours of local treatment, and as the cow presented subclinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and cystitis, antibiotic, glucose, calcium and propylene glycol therapy were performed. We opted for induction of parturition, and after 24 hours, a healthy 52kg calf was born and the placenta was delivered 16 hours after calving. The cow and calf were discharged on the sixth day of hospitalization, with no recurrences or secondary complications after treatment.
A eversão vesical parcial ou completa é uma condição rara de mau prognóstico em vacas, comumente associada a tenesmo intenso observado no período periparto. Uma vaca Nelore obesa de 14 anos de idade, com 280 dias de gestação, foi encaminhada com prolapso de bexiga de 24 horas. A bexiga apresentava eversão completa por meio do vestíbulo vulvar apresentando parede espessa e congestionada e pequeno volume residual de urina. Após exame clínico, a vaca recebeu butilbrometo de escopolamina e anestesia peridural intercoccígea, e o segmento vesical exteriorizado foi parcialmente reduzido, permanecendo apenas 10cm exteriorizado. A vaca foi mantida com sonda gástrica humana número 16 por via intravesical e monitorada constantemente. A eversão foi totalmente reduzida após 12 horas de tratamento local, e, como a vaca apresentava cetose subclínica, hipocalcemia e cistite, foi realizada antibioticoterapia, glicose, cálcio e propilenoglicol. Optou-se pela indução do parto. Após 24 horas, nasceu um bezerro saudável de 52kg e a placenta foi expelida 16 horas após o parto. A vaca e o bezerro receberam alta no sexto dia de internação, sem recidivas ou complicações secundárias após o tratamento.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Vejiga Urinaria/anomalías , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Cistitis/veterinaria , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/veterinariaRESUMEN
The use of endo-exo prosthesis is an alternative to improve the quality of life of amputees, allowing correct distribution of body weight, reducing skin problems and pain related to the implant, and reducing lameness. The aim of this paper is to report the use of a fixed bilateral endo-exo femur prostheses in a cat with amputation prior to treatment. The endoprostheses were made with titanium and the exoprostheses were made with 3D printing technology. A longitudinal craniolateral surgical approach was used and the skin incision was made over the knee-joint, then fascia lata incision, followed by biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles retraction, incision through the joint capsule to expose the tibiofemoral joint, disarticulation, and tibia and fibula removal. Afterwards, a femoral leveling osteotomy and insertion of the implant in the medullary canal were performed, being attached in the cis and trans cortical bone. The patient was evaluated in the immediate post-operative and periodically thereafter, showing satisfactory results, without macroscopic signs of rejection, wound dehiscence or infection, fracture, or injury of limbs, and presented adapted walking. Furthermore, it was observed the return to common behaviors for the species.
O uso de endoexoprótese é uma alternativa para melhoria na qualidade de vida de pacientes amputados, permitindo distribuição correta do peso corporal, redução de problemas de pele e dor ligadas ao implante e redução da claudicação. Este trabalho objetivou relatar a utilização de endoexoprótese bilateral fixa em fêmur em felino com amputação prévia ao atendimento. Foram modeladas endopróteses em titânio e exopróteses projetadas e impressas em 3D. O acesso cirúrgico, em ambos os membros, foi realizado por incisão craniolateral transarticular da pele, incisão da fáscia lata, rebatimento dos músculos bíceps femoral e vasto lateral, incisão da cápsula articular para exposição da articulação femorotibial, desarticulação e remoção cirúrgica da tibia e da fibula. Em seguida, realizou-se osteotomia niveladora femoral e inserção do implante no canal medular, sendo esse fixo nas corticais cis e trans. O paciente foi avaliado no pós-cirúrgico imediato e posteriormente de forma periódica, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios, sem sinais macroscópicos de rejeição, deiscência ou infecção da ferida cirúrgica, fratura ou lesão de membros, e apresentava deambulação adaptada. Além disso, foi observado o retorno de comportamentos comuns da espécie.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Miembros Artificiales/veterinaria , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/veterinaria , Fémur/trasplante , Impresión Tridimensional , CaminataRESUMEN
The excess of salts present in the water can limit the hydroponic cultivation of melon in semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast, making it necessary to use strategies that allow the use of these waters. Among these strategies, the use of elicitor substances stands out, such as salicylic acid. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid in mitigating the harmful effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology and production of 'Gaúcho' melon cultivated in a hydroponic system. A completely randomized design was adopted in a split-plot scheme, with four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECsn (2.1, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m-1) considered the plots and four salicylic acid concentrations - SA (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), the subplots, with six replications. The foliar application of salicylic acid concentrations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology and yield of melon grown in hydroponic system. The concentration of 4.5 mM of salicylic acid intensified the harmful effects of the salinity of the nutrient solution on gas exchange and fresh weight of hydroponic melon.
Asunto(s)
Cucurbitaceae , Ácido Salicílico , Hidroponía , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Estrés Salino , Sales (Química) , AguaRESUMEN
We analyzed the influence of the season, the environment, and the sex, as well as the relation of body mass (BM) in the serum albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (C), creatine kinase (CK), phosphorus (P), total calcium (tCa), total protein (TP), urea (U), uric acid (UA), calcium:phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), and the globulin value (GV) of thirty individuals of Phrynops geoffroanus of the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The modeling of biochemical parameters was performed using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to verify the influence of variables considered in this study on each of the biochemical parameters analyzed. The season influenced AST, CK, C, tCa, Ca:P and UA. The environment influenced tCa, Ca:P, U and UA. On the other hand, CK, tCa, P, Ca:P and U differed significantly between males and females. Regarding the BM, a relationship of this variable was observed with CK, C, tCa, P, U, UA and Ca:P. We concluded that the season, environment, sex, and body mass can influence the biochemical parameters of P. geoffroanus, and these factors should be routinely considered in the interpretation of laboratory results.
Analisou-se a influência da estação, do ambiente e do sexo, assim como a relação da massa corporal (BM) nos níveis sorológicos de albumina (ALB), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinina (C), creatina quinase (CK), fósforo (P), cálcio total (tCa), sólidos totais (TS), ureia (U), ácido úrico (UA), relação cálcio:fósforo (Ca:P), e do valor da globulina (GV) de Phrynops geoffroanus da área urbana de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A modelagem dos parâmetros bioquímicos foi realizada utilizando-se os modelos aditivos generalizados para locação, escala e forma (GAMLSS) para verificar a influência das variáveis consideradas neste estudo em cada um dos parâmetros bioquímicos analisados. A estação sazonal influenciou os níveis de AST, CK, C, tCa, Ca:P e UA. O ambiente foi capaz de influenciar tCa, Ca:P, U e UA. Por outro lado, CK, tCa, P, Ca:P e U diferiram significativamente entre machos e fêmeas. Em relação à BM, observou-se relação dessa variável com CK, C, tCa, P, U, UA e Ca:P. Concluiu-se que a estação sazonal, o ambiente, o sexo e a massa corporal são capazes de influenciar os parâmetros bioquímicos de P. geoffroanus e que esses fatores devem ser rotineiramente considerados na interpretação dos resultados laboratoriais.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Tortugas/anatomía & histología , Tortugas/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Suero/química , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinariaRESUMEN
The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPHâ assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTSâ+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Miel , Animales , Brasil , Ácidos Cumáricos , Miel/análisis , Humanos , Fenoles/análisisRESUMEN
The excess of salts present in the water can limit the hydroponic cultivation of melon in semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast, making it necessary to use strategies that allow the use of these waters. Among these strategies, the use of elicitor substances stands out, such as salicylic acid. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid in mitigating the harmful effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology and production of 'Gaúcho' melon cultivated in a hydroponic system. A completely randomized design was adopted in a split-plot scheme, with four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECsn (2.1, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m-1) considered the plots and four salicylic acid concentrations - SA (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), the subplots, with six replications. The foliar application of salicylic acid concentrations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology and yield of melon grown in hydroponic system. The concentration of 4.5 mM of salicylic acid intensified the harmful effects of the salinity of the nutrient solution on gas exchange and fresh weight of hydroponic melon.
O excesso de sais presentes na água pode limitar o cultivo hidropônico do meloeiro em regiões semiáridas do Nordeste brasileiro, fazendo-se necessária a utilização de estratégias que possibilitem o uso dessas águas, dentre essas estratégias, destaca-se a utilização de substâncias elicitoras, como ácido salicílico. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de concentrações de ácido salicílico na mitigação dos efeitos deletérios do estresse salino a morfofisiologia e produção do meloeiro 'Gaúcho' cultivado em sistema hidropônico. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal-PB. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,2; 4,3 e 5,4 dS m-1) considerados as parcelas e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5 mM), as subparcelas, com seis repetições. A aplicação foliar das concentrações de ácido salicílico não mitigaram os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino sobre a morfofisiologia e produção do meloeiro cultivado em sistema hidropônico. A concentração de 4,5 mM de ácido salicílico intensificou os efeitos deletérios da salinidade da solução nutritiva sobre as trocas gasosas e peso fresco de fruto do meloeiro hidropônico.
Asunto(s)
Cucurbitaceae , Ácido Salicílico , Estrés SalinoRESUMEN
The analysis of Salmonella in the feces and the birds environment is a way of monitoring the colonization in the flocks and verifying the need for the introduction of stricter controls, in such a way that the results of the tests should be known before being sent for slaughter. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as other rapid methods represent alternatives increasingly used to detect enteric pathogens, but they need proof of effectiveness for their wide use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equivalence between the results obtained by the methods: real-time PCR (BAX® System), Modified Rappaport-Vassiliadis Semi-solid Medium (MSRV) (ISO 6579) and the traditional method of official reference in Brazil for research of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry samples. Two hundred and fifty-two samples of disposable shoe covers (DSC) and 252 samples of feces were infected with an average of 2 to 3 log CFU/g of each serovar, and the same samples without fortification were evaluated by the three methods. Five hundred and four diagnoses were obtained with satisfactory results in terms of repeatability (greater than 80%), reproducibility (mean 83,1%), sensitivity (81% to 100%), specificity (95% to 100%), and accuracy (90% to 100%). The compliance test verified that there was not a significant difference between the alternative and the official methods, allowing us to state that the methodologies have had equivalent performances.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Biología Celular , Heces/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Salmonella/inmunología , AvesRESUMEN
The analysis of Salmonella in the feces and the birds environment is a way of monitoring the colonization in the flocks and verifying the need for the introduction of stricter controls, in such a way that the results of the tests should be known before being sent for slaughter. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as other rapid methods represent alternatives increasingly used to detect enteric pathogens, but they need proof of effectiveness for their wide use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equivalence between the results obtained by the methods: real-time PCR (BAX® System), Modified Rappaport-Vassiliadis Semi-solid Medium (MSRV) (ISO 6579) and the traditional method of official reference in Brazil for research of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry samples. Two hundred and fifty-two samples of disposable shoe covers (DSC) and 252 samples of feces were infected with an average of 2 to 3 log CFU/g of each serovar, and the same samples without fortification were evaluated by the three methods. Five hundred and four diagnoses were obtained with satisfactory results in terms of repeatability (greater than 80%), reproducibility (mean 83,1%), sensitivity (81% to 100%), specificity (95% to 100%), and accuracy (90% to 100%). The compliance test verified that there was not a significant difference between the alternative and the official methods, allowing us to state that the methodologies have had equivalent performances.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Salmonella/inmunología , Heces/microbiología , Biología Celular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , AvesRESUMEN
Nocardiose é causada por bactérias do gênero Nocardia do subgrupo Actinomycetos, que são Gram-positivas aeróbicas, filamentosas e podem apresentar ramificações. O diagnóstico baseia-se na presença de lesão inflamatória, com o microrganismo morfologicamente compatível, associada ao isolamento e à identificação microbiológica e molecular. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de nocardiose em canino, que desenvolveu inflamação piogranulomatosa peritoneal seis meses após ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. O animal apresentava hipertermia, distensão abdominal, taquipneia, polidipsia, hiporexia, mucosas hipocoradas e fezes pastosas. Os achados laboratoriais evidenciaram anemia leve e leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda e hipoalbuminemia. Uma massa na região mesogástrica e efusão peritoneal foram evidenciadas por meio da ultrassonografia abdominal. O líquido foi classificado como exsudato piogranulomatoso, e o animal submetido à laparotomia exploratória para lavagem abdominal e remoção da massa. Após procedimentos terapêuticos, ocorreu piora clínica e óbito. Peritonite piogranulomatosa foi a principal alteração anatomopatológica a qual foi associada à Nocardia spp. Molecularmente, a espécie isolada se aproxima da N. concava, por meio da análise filogenética. Essa espécie já foi descrita como causa de infecção em humanos na Ásia, no entanto não há registros na literatura na espécie canina, sendo este o primeiro relato.(AU)
Nocardiosis is caused by an aerobic, gram-positive, ramificated and filamentous bacteria of the Nocardia genus, subgroup Actinomycetos. The diagnosis is based on the presence of the inflammatory lesions with the morphologically compatible microorganism associated with microbiological and molecular isolation and identification. The objective of this work is to report a case of nocardiosis in a canine that developed peritoneal pyogranulomatous inflammation six months after ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The animal had hyperthermia, abdominal distention, tachypnea, polydipsia, hyporexia, hypocorous mucosae and pasty feces. The laboratory findings revealed mild anemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with left deviation and hypoalbuminemia. A mass in the mesogastric region and peritoneal effusion were evidenced by abdominal ultrasonography. The fluid was classified as pyogranulomatous exudate and the animal underwent exploratory laparotomy for abdominal lavage and mass removal. Despite the therapeutic procedures and clinical alterations the dog died. Piogranulomatous peritonitis was the main anatomopathological alteration which was associated with Nocardia spp. Molecularly, the isolated species approaches the N. concava species through phylogenetic analysis. This specie was described as a cause of infection in humans in Asia; however, there are no records in literature on the canine species, being this the first report.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Peritonitis/cirugía , Peritonitis/diagnóstico , Peritonitis/veterinaria , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/veterinariaRESUMEN
Nocardiose é causada por bactérias do gênero Nocardia do subgrupo Actinomycetos, que são Gram-positivas aeróbicas, filamentosas e podem apresentar ramificações. O diagnóstico baseia-se na presença de lesão inflamatória, com o microrganismo morfologicamente compatível, associada ao isolamento e à identificação microbiológica e molecular. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de nocardiose em canino, que desenvolveu inflamação piogranulomatosa peritoneal seis meses após ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. O animal apresentava hipertermia, distensão abdominal, taquipneia, polidipsia, hiporexia, mucosas hipocoradas e fezes pastosas. Os achados laboratoriais evidenciaram anemia leve e leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda e hipoalbuminemia. Uma massa na região mesogástrica e efusão peritoneal foram evidenciadas por meio da ultrassonografia abdominal. O líquido foi classificado como exsudato piogranulomatoso, e o animal submetido à laparotomia exploratória para lavagem abdominal e remoção da massa. Após procedimentos terapêuticos, ocorreu piora clínica e óbito. Peritonite piogranulomatosa foi a principal alteração anatomopatológica a qual foi associada à Nocardia spp. Molecularmente, a espécie isolada se aproxima da N. concava, por meio da análise filogenética. Essa espécie já foi descrita como causa de infecção em humanos na Ásia, no entanto não há registros na literatura na espécie canina, sendo este o primeiro relato.(AU)
Nocardiosis is caused by an aerobic, gram-positive, ramificated and filamentous bacteria of the Nocardia genus, subgroup Actinomycetos. The diagnosis is based on the presence of the inflammatory lesions with the morphologically compatible microorganism associated with microbiological and molecular isolation and identification. The objective of this work is to report a case of nocardiosis in a canine that developed peritoneal pyogranulomatous inflammation six months after ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The animal had hyperthermia, abdominal distention, tachypnea, polydipsia, hyporexia, hypocorous mucosae and pasty feces. The laboratory findings revealed mild anemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with left deviation and hypoalbuminemia. A mass in the mesogastric region and peritoneal effusion were evidenced by abdominal ultrasonography. The fluid was classified as pyogranulomatous exudate and the animal underwent exploratory laparotomy for abdominal lavage and mass removal. Despite the therapeutic procedures and clinical alterations the dog died. Piogranulomatous peritonitis was the main anatomopathological alteration which was associated with Nocardia spp. Molecularly, the isolated species approaches the N. concava species through phylogenetic analysis. This specie was described as a cause of infection in humans in Asia; however, there are no records in literature on the canine species, being this the first report.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Peritonitis/cirugía , Peritonitis/diagnóstico , Peritonitis/veterinaria , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/veterinariaRESUMEN
The exposure of bees to agrochemicals during foraging and feeding has been associated with their population decline. Sublethal exposure to agrochemicals can affect behavior and the microbiota. Gut microbiota is associated with insect nutritional health, immunocompetence, and is essential for neutralizing the damage caused by pathogens and xenobiotics. Research on the effect of the bioinsecticides and fertilizers on the microbiota of bees remains neglected. In this study, we assessed the sublethal effect of both bioinsecticide spinosad and the fertilizer copper sulfate (CuSO4) on the behavior and gut microbiota in forager adults of the stingless bee Partamona helleri (Friese), which is an important pollinator in the Neotropical region. Behavioral assays and gut microbiota profiles were assessed on bees orally exposed to estimated LC5 values for spinosad and CuSO4. The microbiota were characterized through 16S rRNA gene target sequencing. Acute and oral sublethal exposure to spinosad and CuSO4 did not affect the overall activity, flight take-off, and food consumption. However, CuSO4 decreased bee respiration rate and copper accumulated in exposed bees. Exposure to spinosad increased the proportional abundance of the genus Gilliamella, but CuSO4 did not alter the composition of the gut microbiota. In conclusion, sublethal exposure to CuSO4 induces changes in respiration, and spinosad changes the abundance of gut microorganisms of P. helleri.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Abejas/efectos de los fármacos , Abejas/microbiología , Fertilizantes/toxicidad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Macrólidos/toxicidad , Animales , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Abejas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Sulfato de Cobre/toxicidad , Combinación de Medicamentos , Dosificación Letal Mediana , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , RespiraciónRESUMEN
Wasps are able to synthesize toxic compounds known as venoms, which form a part of a mechanism to overcome prey and also to defend their colonies. Study of the compounds that constitute these substances is essential in order to understand how this defense mechanism evolved, since there is evidence that the venoms can vary both intra- and interspecifically. Some studies have used liquid and gas chromatography as a reliable technique to analyze these compounds. However, the use of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) to analyze the variations in venom's chemical profile has been proposed recently. This study evaluated whether the FTIR-PAS technique is effective for assessing the role of environmental factors on intra- and interspecific differences in the venom of the wasps Polybia paulista Von Ihering and Polybia occidentalis Olivier by FTIR-PAS. The colonies were collected in three municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in different types of environments. The results showed that the venoms of P. paulista and P. occidentalis differed significantly in profile. In addition, the intraspecific differences in the venom's chemical profile of P. paulista are related to the type of environment where they nested, regardless of the geographical distance between the nests. The FTIR-PAS technique proved to be reliable and effective to evaluate the variations in the venom's chemical profile in social wasps.
Asunto(s)
Ponzoñas/química , Avispas , Animales , Brasil , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
The current mineral requirements for growing goat kids are based on sheep and cattle studies without differentiating between the stages of development or gender. The aims of this study were to determine the net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K of Saanen goat kids during the initial stages of growth and to analyse the effect of gender on the net requirements for growth of these macrominerals. Eighteen female, 19 intact male and 10 castrated male Saanen goat kids were studied. The kids were selected applying a completely randomized design and slaughtered when their body weight (BW) reached approximately 5, 10 and 15 kg to determine the mineral requirements for growth at these stages. The net mineral requirements for growth were similar among genders. The goat kids had slightly increased net requirements of Ca, P and Mg for growth with increasing BW from 5 to 15 kg. The net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K ranged from 9.61 to 9.67 g/kg of BW gain, 7.14 to 7.56 g/kg of BW gain, 0.34 to 0.37 g/kg of BW gain, 1.26 to 1.13 g/kg of BW gain, 1.88 to 1.82 g/kg of BW gain as the animals grew from 5 to 15 kg respectively. In conclusion, when formulating diets for Saanen goat kids in early growth stage mineral levels do not need to adjusted based on gender.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/veterinaria , Cabras/crecimiento & desarrollo , Minerales/farmacología , Necesidades Nutricionales , Envejecimiento , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Composición Corporal , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Masculino , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The domestication of the Equus genus 5000-6000 years ago has influenced the history of human civilization. As soon as horse and donkey species had been domesticated, they were crossbred, producing humanity's first documented attempt at animal genome manipulation. Since then, the mule (male donkey x female horse) and the reciprocal cross (the hinny, male horse x female donkey) have been the most common equine hybrids in the world. Due to their hybrid vigor, mules and hinnies have been intensively used for carrying loads and people and for tilling the land. Despite their importance, visual distinction of mules and hinnies is difficult due to high phenotypic resemblance. However, the distinction between these two hybrids is of pivotal importance for equid breeders and ranchers. In this study, an easy, low-cost, effective, and fast multiplex-polymerase chain reaction method was developed to distinguish the maternal origin of mules and hinnies, targeting the hyper-variable mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. This methodology can help breeders, ranchers, animal science professionals, and researchers manage their equine herds with more confidence and precision.
Asunto(s)
Equidae/genética , Técnicas Genéticas , Caballos/genética , Hibridación Genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate reproductive physiology aspects in 2 to 3 months old Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) calves. Follicular dynamics was monitored daily by ultrasound in ten calves during 18 consecutive days. Calves younger than 2.25 months old (n = 4) had maximum follicle diameters ≤2.5 mm, so only the other animals (n = 6) continued to be monitored by ultrasound. The mean maximum diameter of the ovaries was 13.6 ± 0.6 mm, which had 31.4 ± 3.45 visible follicles. A successive anovulatory follicular wave-like pattern was identified when each wave showed a dominant follicle, including a variable number of other follicles smaller in size (subordinate follicles), during the observational period. Three consecutive follicular growth waves were detected per animal, during this time interval, when 50% of the animals (n = 3) showed two waves and the other half (n = 3) had three waves. The first day of detection of the dominant follicle, retrospectively identified at a diameter of 2 mm, was defined as the day of wave emergence on each wave (day zero). Considering the grouped data, the follicular wave length was 9.2 ± 2.0 days and the correlated dominant follicle began its regression at 6.33 ± 1.63 days after the day of its emergence. The dominant follicles had a growth rate of 0.23 ± 0.06 mm/day and reached the maximum diameter of 3.03 ± 0.17 mm. Despite the smaller ovarian and follicle diameters in 2 to 3 months old Nelore calves (Bos taurus indicus) compared to studies in post pubertal females; the follicular wave-like pattern and the number of recruited follicles were similar to the reported in Zebu females in reproductive activity. These data can characterize an early critical moment on the reproductive development of these animals.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Bovinos , Bovinos/embriología , Bovinos/fisiología , Folículo Ovárico , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate reproductive physiology aspects in 2 to 3 months old Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) calves. Follicular dynamics was monitored daily by ultrasound in ten calves during 18 consecutive days. Calves younger than 2.25 months old (n = 4) had maximum follicle diameters ≤2.5 mm, so only the other animals (n = 6) continued to be monitored by ultrasound. The mean maximum diameter of the ovaries was 13.6 ± 0.6 mm, which had 31.4 ± 3.45 visible follicles. A successive anovulatory follicular wave-like pattern was identified when each wave showed a dominant follicle, including a variable number of other follicles smaller in size (subordinate follicles), during the observational period. Three consecutive follicular growth waves were detected per animal, during this time interval, when 50% of the animals (n = 3) showed two waves and the other half (n = 3) had three waves. The first day of detection of the dominant follicle, retrospectively identified at a diameter of 2 mm, was defined as the day of wave emergence on each wave (day zero). Considering the grouped data, the follicular wave length was 9.2 ± 2.0 days and the correlated dominant follicle began its regression at 6.33 ± 1.63 days after the day of its emergence. The dominant follicles had a growth rate of 0.23 ± 0.06 mm/day and reached the maximum diameter of 3.03 ± 0.17 mm. Despite the smaller ovarian and follicle diameters in 2 to 3 months old Nelore calves (Bos taurus indicus) compared to studies in post pubertal females; the follicular wave-like pattern and the number of recruited follicles were similar to the reported in Zebu females in reproductive activity. These data can characterize an early critical moment on the reproductive development of these animals.(AU)