RESUMEN
Objetivo: Identificar cómo se informó a los pacientes sometidos a cirugías oncológicas electivas sobre la preparación antes de la cirugía y, con base en esta información, desarrollar una lista educativa de pautas preoperatorias. Método: Investigación retrospectiva y transversal desarrollada en una institución de oncología del interior de São Paulo. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios, uno para datos sociodemográficos y de perfil de salud, y otro para identificar retrospectivamente pautas preoperatorias. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: De las 38 pacientes, el 65,8% eran mujeres y el 42% fueron sometidas a mastectomía. Prevaleció la orientación brindada de forma verbal y presencial, especialmente en lo que respecta al examen solicitado por el cirujano y la documentación personal, que presentó el mismo porcentaje, 78,9%. Hubo lagunas en la información brindada sobre la posibilidad de utilizar sonda, drenajes o tubos para el 63,2%. Conclusión: Los autoinformes de los pacientes sobre las guías preoperatorias revelaron fallas en la forma en que se transmitió esa información y apoyaron la construcción de la lista de guías educativas, destacando la importancia de herramientas escritas estructuradas para el equipo multidisciplinario que puedan mejorar la calidad y seguridad de las guías preoperatorias y la atención quirúrgica.Palabras clave: Oncología Quirúrgica, Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos, Lista de Verificación, Seguridad del Paciente, Enfermería Perioperatoria. (AU)
Objective: To identify how patients who underwent elective oncological surgeries were informed about preparation before surgery and, based on this information, develop an educational checklist of preoperative guidelines. Method: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional research developed at an oncology institution in a small city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Two questionnaires were used, one for sociodemographic and health profile data, and the other to retrospectively identify preoperative guidelines. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Of the 38 patients, 65.8% were women, with 42% undergoing mastectomy. The guidance provided verbally and in person prevailed, especially regarding the examination requested by the surgeon and personal documentation, which presented the same percentage: 78.9%. There were gaps in information provided about the possibil-ity of using a probe, drains, or tubes for 63.2%. Conclusion: Patients' self-reports on preoperative guidelines showed flaws in the way this information was passed on and supported the development of the checklist of educational guidelines, highlighting the importance of structured written tools for the multidisciplinary team that can improve the quality and safety of preoperative care.
Objetivo: Identificar como os pacientes que passaram por cirurgias oncológicas eletivas foram informados sobre o preparo antes da cirurgia e, com base nessas informações, elaborar uma lista educativa de orientações pré-operatórias. Método: Pesquisa retrospectiva e transversal desenvolvida em uma instituição de oncologia no interior de São Paulo. Dois questionários foram utilizados, um para os dados do perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde, e outro para identificar retrospectivamente as orientações pré-operatórias. Realizada análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos 38 pacientes, 65,8% eram do sexo feminino, sendo 42% submetidas à mastectomia. Prevaleceram as orientações fornecidas de maneira verbal e presencial, especialmente sobre o exame solicitado pelo cirurgião e a documentação pessoal, que apresentaram o mesmo percentual: 78,9%. Houve lacunas de informação for-necida sobre a possibilidade de uso de sonda, drenos ou tubos para 63,2%. Conclusão: O autorrelato dos pacientes sobre as orientações pré-operatórias revelou falhas na forma de transmissão dessas informações e fundamentaram a construção da lista de orientações educativas, ressaltando a importância de ferramentas estruturadas de modo escrito para equipe multiprofissional que podem aprimorar a qualidade e a segurança do cuidado pré-cirúrgico. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Seguridad del Paciente , Oncología Quirúrgica , Enfermería Perioperatoria , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos , Lista de VerificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to analyze psychological stress factors and salivary cortisol concentration in nursing undergraduates throughout their training. METHOD: a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study carried out in an evening course using a sociodemographic questionnaire, an Instrument to Assess Stress in Nursing Students, and salivary cortisol analysis. The study included descriptive and comparative analyses and a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: 187 participants answered the questionnaires, and 129 had their cortisol quantified. The domains Practical Activities Execution, Professional Communication, and Professional Training represented the stress factors with the highest mean values for 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year students compared to 1st and 2nd year. For the 5th year, it was the domains Professional Communication and Professional Training compared to the 3rd year and Environment compared to the 1st and 3rd year. A significant result was obtained between the times of cortisol collections for males (p < 0.0001), females (p < 0.0001), and for 1st (p = 0.0319) 2nd (p = 0.0245), and 5th (p < 0.0001) years. CONCLUSION: Students in years 3 through 5 had higher exposure to stressors, and there were adjustments in cortisol production rhythmicity for students in years 1, 2, and 5.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Psicológico , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze psychological stress factors and salivary cortisol concentration in nursing undergraduates throughout their training. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study carried out in an evening course using a sociodemographic questionnaire, an Instrument to Assess Stress in Nursing Students, and salivary cortisol analysis. The study included descriptive and comparative analyses and a multiple linear regression model. Results: 187 participants answered the questionnaires, and 129 had their cortisol quantified. The domains Practical Activities Execution, Professional Communication, and Professional Training represented the stress factors with the highest mean values for 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year students compared to 1st and 2nd year. For the 5th year, it was the domains Professional Communication and Professional Training compared to the 3rd year and Environment compared to the 1st and 3rd year. A significant result was obtained between the times of cortisol collections for males (p < 0.0001), females (p < 0.0001), and for 1st (p = 0.0319) 2nd (p = 0.0245), and 5th (p < 0.0001) years. Conclusion: Students in years 3 through 5 had higher exposure to stressors, and there were adjustments in cortisol production rhythmicity for students in years 1, 2, and 5.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores de estrés psicológico y la concentración de cortisol salivar de estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo de su formación. Método: es un estudio transversal, analítico y comparativo realizado en un curso nocturno mediante cuestionario sociodemográfico, Instrumento para Evaluación del Estrés en Estudiantes de Enfermería y análisis del cortisol salivar. Se llevaron a cabo diversos análisis descriptivos, comparativos y modelo de regresión linear múltiple. Resultados: 187 respondieron a los cuestionarios y a 129 se les cuantificó el cortisol. Los dominios Realización de Actividades Prácticas, Comunicación Profesional y Formación Profesional representaron los factores de estrés con los valores medios más altos en los estudiantes de 3er, 4º y 5º año en comparación con los de 1er y 2º año. Para el 5º año fueron los dominios Comunicación Profesional y Formación Profesional en comparación con el 3er año y Medio Ambiente en comparación con el 1er y 3er año. Se obtuvo un resultado significativo entre los momentos de las recogidas de cortisol de los hombres (p < 0,0001), de las mujeres (p < 0,0001), y del 1er (p = 0,0319), 2º (p = 0,0245) y 5º (p < 0,0001) año. Conclusión: los alumnos de 3er a 5º año tuvieron una mayor exposición a los estresores y hubo ajustes en la ritmicidad de la producción de cortisol en los alumnos de 1er, 2º y 5º año.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores de estresse psicológico e a concentração de cortisol salivar de graduandos de Enfermagem ao longo da formação. Método: estudo transversal, analítico e comparativo realizado em curso noturno por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, Instrumento para Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem e análise do cortisol salivar. Foram feitas análises descritivas, comparativas e modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: um total de 187 responderam aos questionários, e 129 tiveram o cortisol quantificado. Os domínios Realização das Atividades Práticas, Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional representaram os fatores de estresse com os maiores valores médios para alunos do 3º, 4º e 5º anos em comparação ao 1º e 2º anos. Para o 5º ano, foram os domínios Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional em relação ao 3º ano e Ambiente em comparação ao 1º e 3º anos. Obteve-se resultado significativo entre os horários das coletas de cortisol para homens (p < 0,0001), mulheres (p < 0,0001) e para o 1º (p = 0,0319) 2º (p = 0,0245) e 5º (p < 0,0001) anos. Conclusão alunos do 3º ao 5º ano tiveram maior exposição aos fatores de estresse, e houve ajustes na ritmicidade de produção do cortisol para alunos do 1º, 2º e 5º anos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Estrés Psicológico , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Saliva , HidrocortisonaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the stress factors of the university environment and the repercussions on the quality of sleep and life of students in their last year of undergraduate nursing. METHOD: A cross-sectional, comparative, quantitative study conducted with students in their last year of undergraduate nursing in a private institution in the south of Minas Gerais. The Instrument for the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students (ASNS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the WHOQOL-Bref quality of life questionnaire and the sociodemographic characterization questionnaire were applied for data collection; association, comparison and correlation coefficient tests and descriptive statistics were performed for data analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 55 participants. There was a strong correlation between Time Management of stress with sleep and the physical, psychological and environmental domains of quality of life, in addition to the significant association for insomnia and some sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSION: Stress factors were associated with poor quality sleep and changes in quality of life. Time Management was the factor with the greatest potential for stress. The ninth semester had greater exposure to stressors, worse quality of sleep and life.
Asunto(s)
Bachillerato en Enfermería , Estrés Laboral , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Sueño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Administración del TiempoRESUMEN
Citrus is an extremely important genus in terms of world fruit production. Despite its economic importance and the small genome sizes of its species (2n = 18, 1C = 430 ± 68 Mbp), entire genomic assemblies have only recently become available for some of its representatives. Together with the previous CMA/DAPI banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the group, these data are important for understanding the complex relationships between its species and for assisting breeding programs. To anchor genomic data with the cytogenetic map of mandarin (Citrus reticulata), the parental species of several economically important hybrids such as sweet orange and clementine, 18 BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones were used. Eleven clementine BACs were positioned by BAC-FISH, doubling the number of chromosome markers so far available for BAC-FISH in citrus. Additionally, six previously mapped BACs were end-sequenced, allowing, together with one BAC previously sequenced, their assignment to scaffolds and the subsequent integration of chromosomes and the genome assembly. This study therefore established correlations between mandarin scaffolds and chromosomes, allowing further structural genomic and comparative study with the sweet orange genome, as well as insights into the chromosomal evolution of the group.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico , Citrus/genética , Genoma de Planta , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Secuencia de Bases , Cruzamiento , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos , Cromosomas de las Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Análisis de SecuenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to profile and analyze sleep quality, quality of life and eating habits of nursing students. METHODS: a cross-sectional, comparative and correlational study with the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, quality of life and eating habits. One hundred ninety-five students participated in the study. RESULTS: participants were on average 24 years old. Results showed that females were prevalent (87.1%); 71.0% of the students had poor sleep quality; 98.9% used electronic devices before bedtime. Self-perception of quality of life was indifferent (38.3%), and self-perception of general health, 36.9% expressed satisfaction. Among the participants, 45.13% consumed one portion of fruit and 40.66% two to three portions of vegetables daily. CONCLUSION: the study allowed the profile of these students, sedentary, overweight and poor sleep quality young students who studied and worked.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Sueño , Estudiantes de Enfermería/clasificación , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria/clasificación , Femenino , Calidad de los Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/psicología , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Estudiantes de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To identify the stress factors of the university environment and the repercussions on the quality of sleep and life of students in their last year of undergraduate nursing. Method: A cross-sectional, comparative, quantitative study conducted with students in their last year of undergraduate nursing in a private institution in the south of Minas Gerais. The Instrument for the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students (ASNS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the WHOQOL-Bref quality of life questionnaire and the sociodemographic characterization questionnaire were applied for data collection; association, comparison and correlation coefficient tests and descriptive statistics were performed for data analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 55 participants. There was a strong correlation between Time Management of stress with sleep and the physical, psychological and environmental domains of quality of life, in addition to the significant association for insomnia and some sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: Stress factors were associated with poor quality sleep and changes in quality of life. Time Management was the factor with the greatest potential for stress. The ninth semester had greater exposure to stressors, worse quality of sleep and life.
Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores de estrés del ambiente universitario y las repercusiones en la calidad del sueño y de vida de los estudiantes del ultimo año de la graduación de Enfermeria. Método: Estudio transversal, comparativo, cuantitativo, realizado con estudiantes del ultimo año de la graduación de Enfermeria de una institución particular al sur de Minas Gerais. Se aplicaron para a recolección de datos la Escala para Evaluación del Estrés en Estudiantes de Enfermeria, el Indice de la Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, el Cuestionario de la calidad de vida WHOQOL-bref y el Cuestionario de la caracterización sociodemografica. Para el análisis de los datos fueron realizados testes de asociación, comparación y de coeficiente de correlación y estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Muestra de 55 participantes. Hube correlación fuerte entre la Gestión del Tiempo del estrés con el sueño y los domínios físico, psicologico y del ambiente de la calidad de vida, mas allá de la asociación significante para el insomnio y algunas variables sociodemograficas. Conclusión: Factores de estrés se asociaran al sueño de mala calidad y la alteración de la calidad de vida. La Gestión del Tiempo fue el factor de mayor potencialidad para el estrés. El nono semestre tuve mayor exposición a factores de estrés, peor calidad del sueño e de vida.
Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de estresse do ambiente universitário e as repercussões na qualidade de sono e de vida de estudantes do último ano da graduação em Enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal, comparativo, quantitativo, realizado com estudantes do último ano da graduação em Enfermagem de uma instituição particular no sul de Minas Gerais. Aplicaram-se, para a coleta de dados, a Escala para Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem, o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, o questionário de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref e o questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica. Para a análise dos dados, foram realizados testes de associação, comparação e de coeficiente de correlação e estatística descritiva. Resultados: A amostra foi de 55 participantes. Houve correlação forte entre o Gerenciamento do Tempo do estresse com o sono e os domínios físico, psicológico e de ambiente da qualidade de vida, além da associação significante para insônia e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas. Conclusão: Fatores de estresse associaram-se ao sono de má qualidade e a alterações da qualidade de vida. O Gerenciamento de Tempo foi o fator de maior potencialidade para o estresse. O nono semestre teve maior exposição aos fatores de estresse, pior qualidade de sono e de vida.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Estrés Psicológico , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Administración del TiempoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to profile and analyze sleep quality, quality of life and eating habits of nursing students. Methods: a cross-sectional, comparative and correlational study with the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, quality of life and eating habits. One hundred ninety-five students participated in the study. Results: participants were on average 24 years old. Results showed that females were prevalent (87.1%); 71.0% of the students had poor sleep quality; 98.9% used electronic devices before bedtime. Self-perception of quality of life was indifferent (38.3%), and self-perception of general health, 36.9% expressed satisfaction. Among the participants, 45.13% consumed one portion of fruit and 40.66% two to three portions of vegetables daily. Conclusion: the study allowed the profile of these students, sedentary, overweight and poor sleep quality young students who studied and worked.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar lo perfil y analizar la calidad del sueño, la calidad de vida y los hábitos alimenticios de los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: estudio transversal, comparativo y correlacional con las siguientes variables: características sociodemográficas, índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh, calidad de vida y hábitos alimenticios. 195 estudiantes participaron en el estudio. Resultados: los participantes tenían en promedio 24 años de edad. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres eran prevalentes (87.1%); El 71.0% de los estudiantes tenían mala calidad del sueño; El 98.9% usó dispositivos electrónicos antes de acostarse. La autopercepción de la calidad de vida fue indiferente (38.3%), y la autopercepción de la salud general, 36.9% expresó satisfacción. Entre los participantes, el 45.13% consumió una porción de fruta y el 40.66% dos o tres porciones de vegetales diariamente. Conclusión: el estudio permitió el perfil de estos estudiantes, estudiantes sedentarios, con sobrepeso y con poca calidad del sueño que estudiaron y trabajaron.
RESUMO Objetivo: traçar o perfil e analisar a qualidade do sono, qualidade de vida e hábitos alimentares dos estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal, comparativo e correlacional com as seguintes variáveis: características sociodemográficas, índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh, qualidade de vida e hábitos alimentar. 195 estudantes participaram do estudo. Resultados: os participantes tinham em média 24 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que o sexo feminino foi prevalente (87,1%); 71,0% dos estudantes apresentaram qualidade de sono ruim; 98,9% faziam uso de aparelhos eletrônicos antes de dormir. A autopercepção da qualidade de vida foi indiferente (38,3%) e quanto à autopercepção de saúde geral, 36,9% expressaram-se satisfeitos. Dentre os participantes, 45,13% consumiam uma porção de fruta e 40,66% duas a três porções de verduras e legumes, diariamente. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu traçar o perfil desses estudantes, jovens que estudavam e trabalhavam, sedentários, acima do peso e com qualidade de sono ruim.
RESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: a relação entre sincronizadores e a organização temporal interna pode ser perturbada por mudanças causadas pelo trabalho em turnos, manifestando-se como distúrbios cardiovasculares, metabólicos e do sono. OBJETIVO: analisar o padrão de sono, características antropométricas, glicemia e pressão arterial de 88 profissionais de Enfermagem, trabalhadores de turnos diurnos e noturnos fixos. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em serviços públicos de pronto atendimento de um município do estado de Minas Gerais, no qual se utilizaram questionário sociodemográfico e o diário do sono. As medidas realizadas foram glicemia, pressão arterial, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. RESULTADOS: a duração e a qualidade de sono noturno dos trabalhadores do turno da noite apresentaram-se com média estatisticamente inferior em relação aos funcionários do turno diurno. No entanto, entre as outras variáveis estudadas e turnos não houve diferença estatística significante. CONCLUSÃO: observaram-se sobrepeso e obesidade em 59,09% dos profissionais e alterações da circunferência de cintura em 70,46% deles. O conhecimento dessa realidade pode contribuir para estudos adicionais, com possíveis programas de acompanhamento periódico da saúde do trabalhador.(AU)
The relationship between synchronizers and the internal temporal organization can be disturbed by changes caused by shift work, manifesting as cardiovascular, metabolic, and sleep disorders. Objective: to analyze the sleep pattern, anthropometric characteristics, blood glucose and blood pressure of 88 Nursing professionals, day and night shift workers. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in public emergency services of a city in the state of Minas Gerais, in which a sociodemographic questionnaire and a sleep diary were used. The measurements taken were blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: the duration and the quality of the night sleep of the night-shift workers were statistically lower than those of their day-shift peers. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the other studied variables and the shifts. Overweight and obesity were observed in 59.09% of the professionals and waist circumference changes in 70.46% of them. Conclusion: knowledge of this reality may contribute to further studies, with possible programs for periodic monitoring of the workers' health.(AU)
Introducción: la relación entre los sincronizadores y la organización temporal interna puede verse alterada por los cambios causados por el trabajo en turnos, que se manifiestan como trastornos cardiovasculares, metabólicos y del sueño. Objetivo: analizar el patrón de sueño, las características antropométricas, la glucosa en sangre y la presión arterial de 88 profesionales de enfermería, trabajadores de turno diurno y nocturno. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en los servicios públicos de emergencia de una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, que utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un diario del sueño. Las medidas tomadas fueron glucosa en sangre, presión arterial, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura. Resultados: la duración y la calidad del sueño nocturno de los trabajadores del turno nocturno fueron estadísticamente más bajas que las de los trabajadores del turno diurno. Sin embargo, entre las otras variables estudiadas y turnos no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: se observó sobrepeso y obesidad en el 59,09% de los profesionales y alteración en la circunferencia de cintura en el 70,46% de ellos. El tener conciencia de esta realidad puede contribuir a futuros estudios, con posibles programas para el monitoreo periódico de la salud de los trabajadores.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Sueño , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Salud Laboral , Horario de Trabajo por Turnos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermeras y EnfermerosRESUMEN
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection caused by melanized fungal species. We quantified the extractable melanin of 77 strains of CBM agents distributed within five genera. Moreover, resistance to oxidative stress was evaluated in strains exposed or not to the melanin inhibitor tricyclazole. The median percentage of melanin mass extracted from dry fungal mass varied from 0.69 (Rhinocladiella similis) to 3.81 (Phialophora americana). Inhibition of melanin synthesis decreased survival rates to hydrogen peroxide. Together, these data highlight the importance of melanin in CBM agents.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/química , Ascomicetos/fisiología , Cromoblastomicosis/microbiología , Melaninas/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Ascomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Melaninas/biosíntesis , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Phialophora/química , Phialophora/efectos de los fármacos , Phialophora/aislamiento & purificación , Phialophora/fisiología , Especificidad de la Especie , Esporas Fúngicas/fisiología , Tiazoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A comprehensive understanding of the presence and role of yeasts in bottled wines helps to know and control the organoleptic quality of the final product. The South Region of Brazil is an important wine producer, and the state of "Rio Grande do Sul" (RS) accounts for 90% of Brazilian wines. The state of "Santa Catarina" (SC) started the production in 1975, and is currently the fifth Brazilian producer. As there is little information about yeasts present in Brazilian wines, our main objective was to assess the composition of culturable yeasts associated to bottled wines produced in RS and SC, South of Brazil. We sampled 20 RS and 29 SC bottled wines produced between 2003 and 2011, and we isolated culturable yeasts in non-selective agar plates. We identified all isolates by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region, and comparison with type strain sequences deposited in GenBank database. Six yeast species were shared in the final product in both regions. We obtained two spoilage yeast profiles: RS with Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Pichia membranifaciens (Dekkera bruxellensis was found only in specific table wines); and SC with Dekkera bruxellensis and Pichia manshurica. Knowledge concerning the different spoilage profiles is important for winemaking practices in both regions.
Asunto(s)
Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Vino/microbiología , Levaduras/clasificación , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/análisis , Dekkera/clasificación , Dekkera/genética , Dekkera/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Pichia/clasificación , Pichia/genética , Pichia/aislamiento & purificación , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/clasificación , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/aislamiento & purificación , Levaduras/genética , Zygosaccharomyces/clasificación , Zygosaccharomyces/genética , Zygosaccharomyces/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Zygosaccharomyces bailii BCV 08, a yeast isolated from red wine barrels in Brazil, was evaluated as co-starter in fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Z. bailii BCV 08 was preliminarily shown to produce high levels of esters, and the production was optimized in bench and bioreactor scales using grape must. White wine vinifications were conducted with mixed cultures containing different proportions of Z. bailii BCV 08 and an enological strain of S. cerevisiae. In all trials that contained Z. bailii BCV 08, the production of ethyl esters was enhanced in comparison to the vinification control. Our results clearly show the potential of Z. bailii BCV 08 as a mixed starter with S. cerevisiae in order to increase the aromatic complexity of wine.
Asunto(s)
Ésteres/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Vitis/microbiología , Vino/análisis , Zygosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Brasil , Ésteres/análisis , Fermentación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Vino/microbiologíaRESUMEN
In microbiology, identification of all isolates by sequencing is still unfeasible in small research laboratories. Therefore, many yeast diversity studies follow a screening procedure consisting of clustering the yeast isolates using MSP-PCR fingerprinting, followed by identification of one or a few selected representatives of each cluster by sequencing. Although this procedure has been widely applied in the literature, it has not been properly validated. We evaluated a standardized protocol using MSP-PCR fingerprinting with the primers (GTG)5 and M13 for the discrimination of wine associated yeasts in South Brazil. Two datasets were used: yeasts isolated from bottled wines and vineyard environments. We compared the discriminatory power of both primers in a subset of 16 strains, choosing the primer (GTG)5 for further evaluation. Afterwards, we applied this technique to 245 strains, and compared the results with the identification obtained by partial sequencing of the LSU rRNA gene, considered as the gold standard. An array matrix was constructed for each dataset and used as input for clustering with two methods (hierarchical dendrograms and QAPGrid layout). For both yeast datasets, unrelated species were clustered in the same group. The sensitivity score of (GTG)5 MSP-PCR fingerprinting was high, but specificity was low. As a conclusion, the yeast diversity inferred in several previous studies may have been underestimated and some isolates were probably misidentified due to the compliance to this screening procedure.
Asunto(s)
Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Vino/microbiología , Levaduras/genética , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN de Hongos/genética , Variación Genética , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la Especie , Levaduras/clasificación , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis caused worldwide by the dimorphic species complex, Sporothrix schenckii. We studied 85 isolates recovered in Brazil to verify their identification and evaluate their in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns. Based on phenotypic tests (microscopic features, ability to grow at 30°C and 37°C, colony diameters, as well as assimilation of sucrose and raffinose) and molecular assays (amplification of a fragment of the calmodulin gene), the strains were identified as S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, with a predominance of S. schenckii isolates. There was 37.7% disagreement between the phenotypic and genotypic identification methodologies. In general, terbinafine was the most active drug, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole, and the less active fluconazole and voriconazole. Five isolates (one S. globosa and four S. schenckii) were found to be itraconazole-resistant strains but, in general, there were no differences in the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles among the Sporothrix species.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Sporothrix/clasificación , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Brasil , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tipificación Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/aislamiento & purificación , Sporothrix/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis. The management of this infection continues to be challenging because there is no consensus on the therapeutic regimen. We report here a case of a 69-year-old male patient with cauliflower-like lesions on his left leg and foot. He had already been treated with itraconazole at a dose of 200 mg/day for 5 months, with mycological cure for all the affected areas. However, the lesions relapsed at both sites, and treatment with itraconazole was resumed at the dose previously used. Initially, direct mycological examination, cultural, and microculture slide observation were performed. Afterward, sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region of the fungal DNA and evaluation of its susceptibility to antifungal agents alone and in combination were performed. In direct mycological examination, the presence of sclerotic cells was verified, and the fungus was identified as Fonsecaea based on cultural and microscopic examinations. Identification as Fonsecaea monophora was confirmed after sequencing of the ITS region and phylogenetic analysis. The isolate was susceptible to itraconazole and terbinafine. The combinations of amphotericin B and terbinafine and terbinafine and voriconazole were synergistic. The use of drugs for which the causative agent is susceptible to singly or in combination may be an alternative for the treatment of mycosis. Furthermore, the identification of the agent by molecular techniques is important for epidemiological purposes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of relapsed chromoblastomycosis caused by F. monophora in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Ascomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromoblastomicosis/diagnóstico , Cromoblastomicosis/microbiología , Anciano , Ascomicetos/clasificación , Ascomicetos/genética , Brasil , Cromoblastomicosis/patología , ADN de Hongos/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/química , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Técnicas Microbiológicas , ARN Ribosómico 5.8S/genética , Recurrencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os sintomas referentes ao estado geral de saúde associado ao trabalho em turnos de enfermagem e relacioná-los com a qualidade do sono. O estudo foi realizado no Hospital da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Participaram 136 profissionais de enfermagem, com média de idade de 33,1 anos, divididos nas seguintes categorias: enfermeiro (8,1%); técnico de enfermagem (80,9%); auxiliar de enfermagem dos turnos diurno e noturno (11%). Os sintomas de saúde foram identificados a partir do Inventário de Estado Geral de Saúde, e a qualidade do sono foi avaliada pelo Diário do Sono. Os dados foram estatisticamente significativos pelo Teste Qui-Quadrado (p=0,021) para a presença do sintoma de flatulência ou distensão abdominal no turno noturno. Constatou-se com a análise de regressão linear múltipla que os sujeitos do turno diurno que apresentaram os sintomas de má digestão (às vezes ou sempre) e irritabilidade (sempre) tiveram pior qualidade de sono noturno.
The objective of this study was to identify the symptoms related to the overall health status associated with shift work in nursing and relate it to the quality of sleep. The study was performed at Hospital da Irmandade da Santa Casa in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais State. The participants were 136 nursing professionals, of an average age of 33.1 years, divided into the following categories: nurse (8.1%); nurse technician (80.9%); and nursing aides working the day and night shifts (11%). The health symptoms were identified based on the Overall Health Status Inventory, and quality of sleep was evaluated based on sleep logs. The Chi-Square test showed statistical significance (p=0.021) for the presence of flatulence and abdominal distension during the night shift. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subjects working the day shift who experienced symptoms of poor digestion (sometimes or always) and irritability (always) had a poorer quality of sleep.
Se objetivó identificar síntomas referentes al estado general de salud asociado al trabajo por turnos de enfermería y relacionarlos con la calidad del sueño. Realizado en Hospital de la Hermandad de Santa Casa de Poços de Caldas, estado de Minas Gerais. Participaron (n=136) profesionales de enfermería, con media etaria de 33,1 años, divididos en las categorías: enfermero 8,1%, técnico de enfermería 80,9%, auxiliar de enfermería 11,0% de turnos diurno y nocturno. Los síntomas de salud se identificaron mediante Inventario General de Salud y la calidad de sueño se evaluó por Diario del Sueño. Datos estadísticamente significativos según test Chi-Cuadrado (p=0,021) para presencia del síntoma de flatulencia o distensión abdominal en turno nocturno. Mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, los sujetos del turno diurno que presentaban síntomas de mala digestión (eventualmente o siempre) e irritabilidad (siempre), tuvieron peor calidad de sueño nocturno.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado de Salud , Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Salud Laboral , Admisión y Programación de Personal , Tolerancia al Trabajo ProgramadoRESUMEN
Medicinal plants are an important source of treatment for many ailments, although little is known of the potential genotoxic effects of most species. In the present study, two species from diverse and medicinally important genera - Maytenus rigida Mart., Celastraceae, and Aristolochia birostris Ducht, Aristolochiaceae - were analyzed to identify potentially significant secondary metabolites and the possible effects of their aqueous and alcoholic extracts on cell division in the onion root stem (genotoxicity test). The phytochemical testing revealed the presence of a number of potentially important secondary compounds in both species, including phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. In the genotoxicity tests, no chromosomal abnormalities of any kind were observed in either species. In the case of M. rigida, a significant increase in mitotic activity was observed at the highest concentration. No significant tendency was recorded in A. birostris, although a considerable increase in the prophase was observed at all concentrations of the alcoholic extract. The triterpenoid content of both species may be especially important from a medicinal viewpoint, although recent findings on the carcinogenic potential of Aristolochia extracts demands caution in the interpretation of the results, and the need for further research.
RESUMEN
We report a case of an 80-year-old Brazilian man, farmer, with lesions on the dorsum of the hand. A direct mycological examination, cultivation and microculture slide observation was performed. The sequencing of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region was carried out and the etiological agent confirmed as Exophiala spinifera. The in vitro susceptibility of this isolate to antifungal agents alone and in combination was evaluated. This is the third case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera in Brazil.
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to identify the symptoms related to the overall health status associated with shift work in nursing and relate it to the quality of sleep. The study was performed at Hospital da Irmandade da Santa Casa in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais State. The participants were 136 nursing professionals, of an average age of 33.1 years, divided into the following categories: nurse (8.1%); nurse technician (80.9%); and nursing aides working the day and night shifts (11%). The health symptoms were identified based on the Overall Health Status Inventory, and quality of sleep was evaluated based on sleep logs. The Chi-Square test showed statistical significance (p=0.021) for the presence of flatulence and abdominal distension during the night shift. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subjects working the day shift who experienced symptoms of poor digestion (sometimes or always) and irritability (always) had a poorer quality of sleep.
Asunto(s)
Estado de Salud , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Enfermería , Salud Laboral , Admisión y Programación de Personal , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Este estudo, de natureza descritiva, transversal e quali-quantitativa, teve como objetivo identificar a presença e os níveis de stress em equipe multiprofissional de atendimento pré-hospitalar. A pesquisa foi realizada na unidade de Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência da cidade de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Participaram da pesquisa 63 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 32,6 anos, abrangendo diversas categorias profissionais e diferentes turnos de trabalho. Os instrumentos utilizados foram ficha de caracterização sociodemográfica e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp para Adultos. Foram encontrados os seguintes resultados: 31,7 por cento dos sujeitos apresentavam sintomas de stress, 30,2 por cento dos quais na fase de resistência, com predomínio de sintomas físicos; 66,7 por cento não tinham outra atividade, sendo que 52,4 por cento desse grupo não apresentavam sintoma de stress (Teste Exato de Fisher p=0,015). Concluiu-se que os indivíduos apresentavam baixos níveis de stress e que se utilizavam de mecanismos cognitivos ou comportamentais para minimizá-lo e manter o equilíbrio interno.
This study combined descriptive, cross-sectional and qualitative and quantitative aspects and aimed to identify the presence and levels of stress in a pre-hospital care unit. The study was performed at a Mobile Emergency Care unit in the city of Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Sixty-three individuals of both sexes, with a mean age of 32.6, took part in the study, encompassing various professional groups and shift workers. The instruments used were: Record of socio-demographic characteristics and the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults. The results were as follows: 31.7 percent of subjects showed symptoms of stress, 30.2 percent were in the resistance stage, with predominantly physical symptoms; 66.7 percent enjoyed no other activity, and of these 52.4 percent had no symptoms of stress (Fisher's exact test p=0.015). We conclude that the individuals displayed low levels of stress and they used cognitive or behavioral mechanisms to minimize stress and maintain internal balance.