RESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem that challenges all patients' healthcare needs. Fibre consumption benefits kidney patients by acting preventively on associated risk factors, improving intestinal microbiota composition or reducing metabolic acidosis and inflammation. In this review, we focus on increasing fibre consumption and the quality of fibre to recommend, in addition to increasing the consumption of foods that naturally have it in their design, that can resort to fortified foods or fibre supplements. The Western nutritional practice, which is low in fibre and rich in animal proteins, saturated fats, sodium, and sugar, increases the risk of mortality in these patients. On the contrary, patterns with higher consumption of fibre and vegetable proteins, such as the Mediterranean, vegetarian, or Plant dominant low protein diet (PLADO), seem to have a preventive effect on the associated risk factors and influence CKD progression. Until now, the use of fibre supplements has not achieved an evident impact on clinical results. Fibre-rich foods contain other nutrients that reduce cardiovascular risk. Promoting diets richer in vegetables and guaranteeing adequate energy and protein intake is a challenge for the multidisciplinary teams involved in the standard of care for CKD.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Animales , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/prevención & control , Dieta , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles , Sodio , AzúcaresRESUMEN
Objetivo: Describir la distribución de los pacientes hiperfrecuentadores en los diferentes centros de atención primaria del Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir. Métodos: Estudio de diseño ecológico, que incluye datos de 2011 a 2015. Se define hiperfrecuentador como aquel paciente que realiza más de 12 visitas por año. Se analiza de manera independiente para enfermería, medicina familiar y pediatría. Las variables dependientes son la prevalencia de hiperfrecuentación y la ratio de pacientes hiperfrecuentadores por profesional. Otras variables examinadas son las características demográficas de los usuarios del Distrito, el número de profesionales de la salud de cada centro y la utilización de las consultas por la población general. Para el estudio de la distribución de los hiperfrecuentadores se clasifican los centros de atención primaria en función del tamaño y del medio territorial (urbano, suburbano y rural). Resultados: La prevalencia media de hiperfrecuentadores es, para enfermería, del 10,86% (error estándar [EE]: 0,5); para medicina familiar, del 21,70% (EE: 0,7); y para pediatría, del 16,96% (EE: 0,7). Las ratios de pacientes hiperfrecuentadores en las diferentes categorías profesionales son 101,07 (EE: 5,0) para enfermería; 239,74 (EE: 9,0) para medicina familiar y 159,54 (EE: 9,8) para pediatría. Conclusiones: Existe una parte importante de usuarios de atención primaria que realiza un número elevado de consultas. De este grupo, las mujeres utilizan más las consultas de enfermería y medicina que los hombres. Se observa una mayor prevalencia en centros de menor tamaño en áreas rurales. Tomando como medida la ratio de pacientes hiperfrecuentadores por profesional, los centros de tamaño intermedio son los que presentan mayor hiperfrecuentación
Objective: To describe the distribution of frequent attenders (FA) through the different primary care practices in Cordoba-Guadalquivir Health District (Córdoba, Spain). Methods: An ecological study was performed, including data from 2011 to 2015. Defining FA as those subjects who made12 or more appointments per year; independently analysed for nursing, general practice and paediatrics. Prevalence of frequent attendance and FA/professional ratio were used as dependent variables. Demographic characteristics from district population, number of health professionals and use of general facilities were also examinated. Aiming to understand FA distribution, primary health settings were classified according to facility size and environmental location (urban, suburban and rural). Results: The mean prevalence for FA was 10.86% (0.5 SE) for nursing; general practice 21.70% (0.7 SE) and for paediatrics 16.96% (0.7 SE). FA/professional ratios for the different professional categories were: 101.07 (5.0 SE) for nursing, 239.74 (9.0 SE) for general practice and 159.54 (9.8 SE) for paediatrics. Conclusions: A major part of primary health care users make a high number of consultations. From this group, women overuse nursing and general practitioner services more compared to men. A higher prevalence of FAs was observed in smaller settings, in rural areas. Although taking the FAs:professional ratio as the bar, medium-size practices are more highly overused
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Uso Excesivo de los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Tamaño de las Instituciones de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Relaciones Profesional-Paciente , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución por Edad y Sexo , Servicios de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of frequent attenders (FA) through the different primary care practices in Cordoba-Guadalquivir Health District (Córdoba, Spain). METHODS: An ecological study was performed, including data from 2011 to 2015. Defining FA as those subjects who made12 or more appointments per year; independently analysed for nursing, general practice and paediatrics. Prevalence of frequent attendance and FA/professional ratio were used as dependent variables. Demographic characteristics from district population, number of health professionals and use of general facilities were also examinated. Aiming to understand FA distribution, primary health settings were classified according to facility size and environmental location (urban, suburban and rural). RESULTS: The mean prevalence for FA was 10.86% (0.5 SE) for nursing; general practice 21.70% (0.7 SE) and for paediatrics 16.96% (0.7 SE). FA/professional ratios for the different professional categories were: 101.07 (5.0 SE) for nursing, 239.74 (9.0 SE) for general practice and 159.54 (9.8 SE) for paediatrics. CONCLUSIONS: A major part of primary health care users make a high number of consultations. From this group, women overuse nursing and general practitioner services more compared to men. A higher prevalence of FAs was observed in smaller settings, in rural areas. Although taking the FAs:professional ratio as the bar, medium-size practices are more highly overused.