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We present a complex case of a patient diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer. The patient initially underwent bilateral skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate subpectoral implant-base breast reconstruction. She had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery. However, three months later, she developed a severe and persistent local infection during adjuvant chemotherapy, resulting in the loss of the breast implants and the formation of massive deforming scars in the chest area. To address this, the patient underwent a series of reconstructive procedures. Lipofilling was used on the chest wall to improve skin quality, followed by a late bilateral transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction. Additionally, the final aesthetic result was enhanced by applying a 3-D tattoo. This case highlights the use of a sequence of reconstructive procedures as a feasible alternative to manage complex and extensive scars after failure of primary breast reconstruction.

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INTRODUCTION: This study reports the evaluation of the short-term effects of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10-14), adapted as Famílias Fortes (Strong Families) in Brazil, on preventing adolescent drug use and improving parenting behaviors. METHODS: A two-arm, parallel cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 60 Social Assistance Reference Centers (SARC) from 12 Brazilian municipalities. In each city, the SARC were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. A total of 805 families participated in the study, each contributing data from one parent or legal guardian and one adolescent totaling 1,610 participants. Data collection occurred before intervention implementation and 6 months after baseline collection. Data were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects modeling with repeated measures in two different paradigms: Intention to Treat (ITT) and Per protocol (PP). The study was registered in the Brazilian Ministry of Health Register of Clinical Trials (REBEC), under protocol no. RBR-5hz9g6z. RESULTS: Considering the ITT paradigm, the program reduced the chance of parents and legal guardians being classified as negligent by 60% (95%CI 0.21; 0.78), increased the use of nonviolent discipline by caregivers (Coef 0.33, 95%CI 0.01; 0.64) and decreased the chance of adults exposing adolescents to their drunken episodes by 80% (95%CI 0.06; 0.54). No program effects were observed on outcomes related to adolescent drug use. Similar results were found for the PP paradigm. CONCLUSION: The positive effects on family outcomes suggest preventive potential of the program among the Brazilian population. Long-term evaluations are necessary to verify if the program can also achieve the drug use reduction goals not observed in the short term.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) due to Leishmania infantum infection is a zoonotic disease prevalent in the areas of South America and the Mediterranean. Infected dogs as reservoirs can contribute to disease transmission and can be a scourge to public health. Therefore, early diagnosis of infected dogs may play a pivotal role in circumscribing disease progression. Invasive tissue aspiration and insufficient serological methods impair a single assay for prompt CVL diagnosis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Leishmania donovani isolated membrane protein, LAg, for the diagnosis of CVL through immunological assays. Initially, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done with Brazilian dog sera to evaluate the performance of LAg in diagnosing CVL and found sensitivity and specificity of 92.50% and 95%, respectively. The study further confirmed the diagnostic efficacy of LAg in a dipstick format. The dipstick test of canine sera from three centers in Brazil and one center in Italy collectively showed sensitivity values in the range of 53.33% to 100% in recognizing symptomatic dogs and specificity values between 75% and 100% to rule out healthy dogs. Moreover, a rapid immunochromatographic test was developed and optimized using LAg. This test was able to identify 94.73% of CVL of Brazilian origin with specificity of 97.29%. The current results highlight the reactive potential of the L. donovani antigen, LAg, for L. infantum CVL diagnosis and support our previous findings, which suggest the utility of LAg for the diagnosis of both L. donovani and L. infantum human VL in a variety of endemic regions. LAg as a diagnostic candidate may be employed to identify comprehensive CVL cases in epidemiological areas.

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Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that causes human listeriosis, is commonly found in meat products. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in a variety of Brazilian meat products, using a meta-analysis of data from the literature. A total of 29 publications from five databases, published between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, were included in the study. Estimated by the random-effects model, the combined prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 13%, ranging from 0 to 59%. The combined prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 14% and 11% for raw meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was higher in the swine species' meat products and the Southeast region of Brazil. Regarding the type of establishment, it was the retail market that presented the highest combined prevalence rate (19%). The most prevalent serotypes of L. monocytogenes were 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c. The knowledge of differences in the prevalence levels of L. monocytogenes in different meat products can guide in its efficient control by the competent authorities and by industry.

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As one of the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is defined as a parasitic communicable disease that is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting especially populations living in poverty. It has a profound negative impact on developing economies. It represents a group of heterogeneous syndromes with a wide spectrum of severity ranging from self-resolving cutaneous injuries to disseminated visceral compromise. Visceral leishmaniasis represents its most severe form, can affect almost all organs, and can have fatal consequences, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Cardiac involvement seems to be rare but has not been deeply studied. Consequently, there are no clear recommendations for the screening of cardiac manifestations in these patients. However, cardiovascular complications could be potentially lethal. In addition, there are valuable reports on the potential cardiotoxicity caused by drugs used in the treatment of this condition, so knowledge of its side effects could have important implications. This article is a part of the "Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart" project (the NET-Heart Project); its purpose is to review all the information available regarding cardiac implications of this disease and its treatment and to add knowledge to this field of study, focusing on the barriers for diagnosis and treatment, and how to adopt strategies to overcome them.

Como una de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD), la leishmaniasis se define como una enfermedad parasitaria transmisible y muy prevalente en regiones tropicales-subtropicales afectando especialmente a poblaciones que viven en la pobreza. Tiene un profundo impacto negativo en las economías en vías de desarrollo. Representa un grupo heterogéneo de síndromes clínicos con un amplio espectro de severidad que va desde lesiones cutáneas que resuelven espontáneamente hasta compromiso visceral diseminado. La leishmaniasis visceral representa su forma más grave, puede afectar a casi todos los órganos del ser humano y suele tener consecuencias fatales, especialmente en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. La afectación cardíaca parece ser rara, pero nunca se ha estudiado en profundidad. En consecuencia, no existen recomendaciones claras para el cribado de las manifestaciones cardíacas en estos pacientes; sin embargo, las complicaciones cardiovasculares pueden ser potencialmente letales. Además, existen publicaciones sobre la potencial cardiotoxicidad provocada por los fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de esta afección, por lo que el conocimiento de sus efectos secundarios podría tener importantes implicancias. Como parte del proyecto "Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart" (Proyecto NET-Heart), el propósito de este artículo es revisar toda la información disponible sobre el compromiso cardiovascular de esta enfermedad y su tratamiento y agregar conocimientos a este campo de estudio, centrándose en las barreras para el diagnóstico y tratamiento y cómo adoptar estrategias para superarlas.

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A pandemia da COVID-19 exigiu modificação no processo de trabalho da rede de atenção do Sistema Ónico de Saúdee das residências em Saúde. Apresenta-se um relato de experiência sobre as ações que foram desenvolvidas por um residente de Odontologia do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, em territórios da rede de Atenção Primária do Distrito V do Recife e em setores da gestão distrital e municipal, realizadas na perspectiva interprofissional e apoiadas por um projeto de extensão desse programa de residência como contribuição formativa e intervencionista ao enfrentamento da COVID-19. Priorizou-se ações remotas de comunicação e educação em saúde e presenciais, com distribuição de máscaras, articulaçãocomunitária, adequação clínica-assistencial e implantação de telemonitoramento e georreferenciamento dos casos relacionados ao novo coronavírus. Na área da gestão participou-se em ações de monitoramento, produção de protocolos, notas técnicas, manuais informativos, além do planejamento de processos de educação permanente voltados às equipes de profissionais da linha defrente. A experiência foi inovadora, promoveu ganhos formativos e intervencionistas na adoção de novas estratégias instituintes para garantir os direitos à saúde das populações assistidas em tempos de pandemia (AU).

The covid-19 pandemic required changes in the work process of the SUS and Health Residencycare network. An experience report on actions that were developed by a Dentistryresident in the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Family Health at theFederal University of Pernambuco, in territories of the Primary Care network of District V of Recife and in sectors of the district and municipal management, carried out in the interprofessional perspective and supported by an extension project of this Residency Program as a formative and interventionist contribution to the coping with Covid-19. Priority was given to remote health and face-to-face communication and education actions, with the distribution of masks, community articulation, clinical assistance adequacy and implementationof telemonitoring and georeferencing of cases related to the new coronavirus. In the management area, there weremonitoring actions, production of protocols, technical notes, information manuals, in addition to the planning of permanent education processes aimed at teams of frontline professionals. The experience was innovative, promoted training and interventionistgains in the adoption of new instituting strategies to guarantee the health rights of assisted populations in times of pandemic (AU).

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Objetivou-se analisar conhecimentos e práticas de formandos em Odontologia sobre educação em saúde requeridas ao Sistema Único de Saúdealém de caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico desses graduandos e identificar suas perspectivas de exercício profissional. Foi realizado estudo descritivo com amostra de60 alunos daUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, do último período, em 2020. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado e de formato onlinena plataforma GoogleForms. Participaram 49 alunos (81,6%). A maioria desejaatuar como especialista (53,1%). Menos da metade (46,9%) afirmou conhecer os objetivos formativos do curso, mas 87,8% consideraramque os conteúdos de educação em saúde são mais desenvolvidos em disciplinas do eixo formativo 1 -saúde, formação humanística e social e no 3 -saúde e ciências odontológicas (65,3%). Predominaram o entendimento de educação em saúde relacionado à promoção e prevenção de doenças (57,1%) e como ato de transmitir/informar/orientar (46,9%), estratégias pedagógicas para ações/práticas educativas das disciplinas transmissivas (91,8%) e a preferência de utilização de recursos educativos para palestras (59,1%).Sobre os objetivos da educação em saúde, conscientizar as pessoas sobre a importância da saúde/bucal (93,9%) e capacitar para autonomia (73,5%) foram respostas prevalentes. A maioria, considerou como estratégias educativas voltadas à atenção básica à saúde as de autocuidado (71,4%,), instrução/prevenção de doenças bucais (65,3%) e baseadas na transdisciplinaridade (57,1%). Incorporar a educação em saúde no trabalho profissional foi considerada muito importante (89,8%). Conclui-se persistir entendimento de educação em saúde fortemente ligado ao conceito positivista de caráter transmissivo, mas compreensão ampliada de caráter participativo e popular formam observadas (AU).

The aimwas to analyze the knowledge and practices of dentistry undergraduates on health education required by the Unified Health System, in addition to characterizethe sociodemographic profile of these undergraduatestudentsand identify their perspectives for professional practice. A descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 60 students enrolled inthe last periodof2020at the Federal University of Pernambuco. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in an online format on the GoogleForms platformand49 students (81.6%) participatedin the study. Most students want to work as a specialist (53.1%). Less than half (46.9%) claimed to know the training objectives of the course, but 87.8% considered that the health education contents are more developed in subjects of training axes 1 -health, humanistic and social training and 3 -health and dental sciences (65.3%). The understanding of health education related to the promotion and prevention of diseases predominated (57.1%) and as an act of transmitting/informing/guiding (46.9%), pedagogical strategies for educational actions/practices of transmissive disciplines (91.8 %) and the preference ofusingeducational resources for lectures (59.1%). Regarding the aimsof health education, making peopleaware of the importance of oral health (93.9%) and training for autonomy (73.5%) were prevalent responses. The majority considered self-care (71.4%), instruction/prevention of oral diseases (65.3%) and those based on transdisciplinarity (57.1%) as educational strategies aimed at primary health care. Incorporating health education into professional work was considered very important (89.8%). It wasconcluded that the understanding of health education is strongly linked to the positivist concept of a transmissive character,but expanded understanding of a participatory and popular character wasobserved (AU).

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Objetivou-se analisar uma intervenção de cuidado integral em saúde bucal de abordagem comunitária protagonizada por residentes de Odontologia em Saúde da Família inseridos em duas unidades de saúde do campo de Caruaru/PE, segundo o olhar de profissionais, residentes e usuários. A intervenção englobou diagnóstico e levantamento das necessidades odontológicas, ações coletivas em saúde bucal e ações assistenciais para cárie com tratamento restaurador atraumático. Os grupos-alvo formam escolares e moradores de áreas mais remotas nas unidades de Lagoa de Pedra e de Xicuru. O estudo qualitativo utilizou técnica do grupo focal para coleta dos dados. Três grupos foram constituídos: nove profissionais, seis residentes e oito usuários. As entrevistas seguiram um roteiro com perguntas abertas sobre o cuidado e as tecnologias em saúde bucal empregadas no contexto das populações campesinas e acesso/acessibilidade às unidades de saúde. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Emergiram duas categorias temáticas: dificuldades de acesso aos cuidados em saúde bucal e satisfação com as ações implementadas. Os participantes dos três grupos avaliaram positivamente a iniciativa de estabelecer relação educativa/assistencial participativa abrindo-se a espaços comunitários e valorizaram o enfoque adotado pela intervenção de saúde bucal no enfrentamento dos problemas limitadores do acesso aos serviços odontológicos e às ações coletivas que relataram. Contudo, desinteresse na continuidade das ações realizadas e contrários às práticas comunitárias em saúde bucal foram relatadas no grupo focal dos profissionais. Considera-se persistir fatores profissionais e de estrutura limitadores à garantia dos direitos de acesso à saúde aos usuários de áreas mais remotas às unidades de saúde (AU).

The aimof this study was to analyze a comprehensivecommunity-basedoral health care intervention carried out by residents of Dentistry in Family Health inserted in two health units in the rural area of the municipalityof Caruaru/PE, according to the perspective of professionals, residents and users. The intervention included diagnosis and assessment of dental needs, collective actions in oral health and actions for caries treatment with atraumatic restorative treatment. Target groupswere composed of schoolchildren and users frommore remote areas included in the health units of Lagoa de Pedra and Xicuru. The qualitative study used the focus group technique for data collection. Three groups were formed: nine professionals, six residents and eight users. Interviews followed a script with open questions about oral health care and technologies used in the context of ruralpopulations and access/accessibility to health units. Data were submitted to content analysis. Two thematic categories emerged: difficulties in accessing oral health care and satisfaction with implemented actions. Participants in the three groups positively evaluated the initiative ofestablishinga participatory educational/care relationship by opening up to community spaces and valued the approach adopted by the oral health intervention in dealing with problems that limit access to dental services and the reported collective actions. However, lack of interest in the continuity of actions carried out and contrary to community practices in oral health were reported in the focus group of professionals. There ispersistent presence of professional and structural factors that limit the guarantee of access to health ofusers frommore remote areas included inhealth units.

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BACKGROUND: The problematic use of video games is linked to mental health and behavioral problems among adolescents. World reported averages for problematic use range from 1.3% to 19.3%. This is the first study to investigate these problems among Brazilian adolescents. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of the non-problematic and problematic use of video games among Brazilian adolescents, and to assess mental health and behavioral problems associated with both types of use. METHODS: This study used the baseline data of a cluster randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of the school-based program #Tamojunto2.0. The sample included 3,939 eighth-grade students who answered an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Video game use was investigated through a question, and problematic use was assessed using a scale. Weighted logistic regressions were used to investigate the associated factors. RESULTS: The results show that 85.85% of the children reported playing video games in the past year, 28.17% fulfilled our criteria for problematic use. Non-problematic video game use is associated with being male, younger ages, and bullying perpetration. Problematic video game use is associated with being male, tobacco and alcohol use, bullying perpetrators, and bullying victims, with abnormal levels of hyperactivity/inattention, social behavior problems, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, and emotional symptoms. CONCLUSION: Brazilian adolescents' self-reported use of video games is compatible with the world average, but the percentage of those who showed problematic use is higher than the world average. This study demonstrates the need for investigating how to prevent and intervene in this situation.

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Abstract The #Tamojunto2.0 program (Unplugged) has been evaluated in Brazil in order to support its implementation as a national public policy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation process of the #Tamojunto2.0 school-based program, disseminated by the Ministry of Health, in the prevention of alcohol and other drug use among adolescents. This is a mixed-methods study. The sample consisted of 13 teachers and eight managers of 8th grade classes of elementary education public schools located in two cities, and a training provider professional for the program's application. Observation, evaluation and semi-structured interview forms were used. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed. The results indicate low implementation fidelity, good quality in the application of the program, and high student absenteeism. Aspects which facilitate or hinder implementation of the program are also presented. Such results are relevant for the large-scale implementation of #Tamojunto2.0.

Resumo O programa #Tamojunto2.0 (Unplugged) tem sido avaliado no Brasil com vistas a subsidiar sua implantação como política pública nacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de implementação do programa escolar #Tamojunto2.0, disseminado pelo Ministério da Saúde, na prevenção do uso de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo de métodos mistos. A amostra constituiu-se de 13 professores e oito gestores de turmas de 8º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas localizadas em duas cidades, e uma profissional ministrante da formação para aplicação do programa. Foram utilizados formulários de observação, avaliação e roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, os dados coletados foram submetidos às análises descritiva e temática. Os resultados indicam baixa fidelidade de implementação, boa qualidade na aplicação do programa, alto absenteísmo dos estudantes. São também apresentados aspectos que facilitam ou dificultam sua implementação. Tais resultados são relevantes para a implementação do #Tamojunto2.0 em larga-escala.

Resumen El programa # Tamojunto2.0 (Unplugged) ha sido evaluado en Brasil con miras a subsidiar su implementación como política pública nacional. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el proceso de implementación del programa escolar #Tamojunto2.0, difundido por el Ministerio de Salud, en la prevención del consumo de drogas en adolescentes. Es un estudio de métodos mixtos. La muestra se constituyó de 13 maestros y ocho directores de clases del 8º grado de Enseñanza Fundamental en escuelas públicas de dos ciudades, y un profesional provedor de capacitación para la aplicación del programa. Se utilizaron formularios de observación, evaluación y entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se sometieron a análisis descriptivo y temático. Los resultados indican baja fidelidad en la implementación, buena calidad en la aplicación del programa, alto ausentismo estudiantil. También se presentan aspectos que facilitan o dificultan la implementación del programa. Estos resultados son relevantes para la implementación a gran escala de #Tamojunto2.0.

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Ser vítima de bullying na infância e adolescência é fator de risco para surgimento de transtornos mentais. As variáveis adversas do ambiente familiar contribuem para envolvimento em situações de bullying. Objetivou-se comparar o nível de adversidade familiar de adolescentes alvo de bullying (n = 21) e não-vítimas (n = 21), pareados por idade, sexo e sala de aula. Adolescentes alvo de bullying foram identificados pela Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula e pela Escala de Violência Escolar. O nível de adversidade familiar foi avaliado pelo Índice de Adversidade Familiar de Rutter. Verificou-se maior adversidade familiar no grupo composto por alvos de bullying (p > 0,05). A frequência de discórdia conjugal foi mais elevada em famílias de alunos alvos de bullying (Z = -2,01, p = 0,04). Reitera-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento/implementação de programas voltados para diminuir fatores de risco e promover fatores de proteção junto às famílias.

Being a victim of bullying in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for the emergence of mental disorders. Adverse family environment variables contribute to involvement in bullying situations. This study aimed to compare the level of family adversity of adolescents who were bullied (n = 21) and non-victims (n = 21), matched for age, sex and classroom. Adolescents bullied were identified by Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula and Escala de Violência Escolar. The level of family adversity was assessed using the Rutter Family Adversity Index. There was greater family adversity in the group composed of bullied teenagers (p > 0.05). The frequency of marital discord was higher in families of students who were bullied (Z = -2.01, p = 0.04). The data reiterate the need to develop and implement programs aimed at reducing risk factors and promoting protective factors with families.

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Caatinga and Atlantic Forest are Brazilian biomes threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, which are a serious threat to biodiversity and favor the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. Capybara populations are increasingly present in urban and rural areas due to the loss of their natural habitats. There are no studies on the rickettsial infection in these rodents in Northeastern Brazil, although there are case records of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) in this region. In this context, we evaluated rickettsial infection in capybaras and their ticks in four areas of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes in Northeastern Brazil. Blood sera from 21 capybaras were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, and R. amblyommatis antigens. Blood samples and ticks (Amblyomma sp., Amblyomma dubitatum and Amblyomma sculptum) were tested by PCR, targeting a fragment of the rickettsial gltA gene and R. bellii primers. Overall, 15 out of 21 capybaras (71.4%) reacted positively (titer ≥64) to at least one of the three Rickettsia antigens tested, with final titers ranging from 64 to 1024. No rickettsial DNA was found in capybara blood samples. Rickettsial DNA was detected in 22 of 31 adult tick pools using gltA gene, being all nine pools of A. sculptum and 16 of the 19 of A. dubitatum, but all samples were negative to R. bellii specific primers. All attempts to sequence the amplicon were unsuccessful, indicating a possible low rickettsial load in the tick samples. The present study reports for the first time the serological evidence of Rickettsia spp. infection in free-ranging capybaras and suggest the rickettsial infection in A. sculptum and A. dubitatum in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes in Northeastern Brazil.

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Since the last decades, an increasing number of research in schools have looked towards prosocial behavior, which refers to voluntary actions aimed at benefiting other individuals. This study aimed to describe evidence-based interventions, available in the national and international literature, focused on promoting prosocial behavior in children and adolescents in the school context. An integrative literature review was carried out with searches in ERIC, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO, and Scopus databases, resulting in 21 articles. Nineteen studies reported positive effects in promoting prosocial behavior and other assessed outcomes, such as socioemotional skills, disruptive behavior, interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement. Future studies should investigate the sustainability of the interventions in schools, compare efficacy and effectiveness between their different modalities and invest in their development in countries in the southern hemisphere.

A partir das últimas décadas, um número crescente de pesquisas em escolas tem voltado atenção a comportamentos pró-sociais, que se referem a ações voluntárias, direcionadas a beneficiar outros indivíduos. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em descrever intervenções baseadas em evidência, disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional, voltadas à promoção de comportamentos pró-sociais em crianças e adolescentes no contexto escolar. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com buscas nas bases de dados ERIC, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO e Scopus, resultando na inclusão de 21 artigos. Dezenove estudos relataram efeitos positivos das intervenções na promoção de comportamentos pró-sociais e em outros desfechos avaliados, como habilidades socioemocionais, comportamentos disruptivos, relacionamentos interpessoais e desempenho acadêmico. Sugere-se que estudos futuros investiguem a sustentabilidade das intervenções nas escolas, comparem eficácia e efetividade entre suas diferentes modalidades, bem como invistam em seu desenvolvimento em países do hemisfério sul.

Desde las últimas décadas, un número creciente de investigaciones en las escuelas se han orientado hacia la conducta prosocial, que se refiere a acciones voluntarias destinadas a beneficiar a otras personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir intervenciones basadas en evidencia, disponibles en la literatura nacional y internacional, direccionadas a promover conductas prosociales en niños y adolescentes en el contexto escolar. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura con búsquedas en las bases de datos ERIC, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO e Scopus, resultando en la inclusión de 21 artículos. 19 estudios presentaron efectos positivos en la promoción de la conducta prosocial y en otros resultados evaluados, como habilidades socioemocionales, conducta disruptiva, relaciones interpersonales y rendimiento académico. Investigaciones futuras deben examinar la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones, comparar eficacia y efectividad entre sus diferentes modalidades e invertir en su desarrollo en el hemisferio sur.

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Ser vítima de bullying na infância e adolescência é fator de risco para surgimento de transtornos mentais. As variáveis adversas do ambiente familiar contribuem para envolvimento em situações de bullying. Objetivou-se comparar o nível de adversidade familiar de adolescentes alvo de bullying (n = 21) e não-vítimas (n = 21), pareados por idade, sexo e sala de aula. Adolescentes alvo de bullying foram identificados pela Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula e pela Escala de Violência Escolar. O nível de adversidade familiar foi avaliado pelo Índice de Adversidade Familiar de Rutter. Verificou-se maior adversidade familiar no grupo composto por alvos de bullying (p > 0,05). A frequência de discórdia conjugal foi mais elevada em famílias de alunos alvos de bullying (Z = -2,01, p = 0,04). Reitera-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento/implementação de programas voltados para diminuir fatores de risco e promover fatores de proteção junto às famílias.

Being a victim of bullying in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for the emergence of mental disorders. Adverse family environment variables contribute to involvement in bullying situations. This study aimed to compare the level of family adversity of adolescents who were bullied (n = 21) and non-victims (n = 21), matched for age, sex and classroom. Adolescents bullied were identified by Lista de Características dos Amigos de Sala de Aula and Escala de Violência Escolar. The level of family adversity was assessed using the Rutter Family Adversity Index. There was greater family adversity in the group composed of bullied teenagers (p > 0.05). The frequency of marital discord was higher in families of students who were bullied (Z = -2.01, p = 0.04). The data reiterate the need to develop and implement programs aimed at reducing risk factors and promoting protective factors with families.

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Background: School-based prevention programs have been implemented worldwide with the intention of reducing or delaying the onset of alcohol and drug use among adolescents. However, their effects need to be evaluated, being essential to use validated and reliable questionnaires for this purpose. This study aimed to verify the semantic validity and reliability of an instrument developed to evaluate the results of a government drug prevention program for schoolchildren called #Tamojunto2.0. Methods: This is a mixed methods study with quantitative (test-retest, confirmatory factor analysis and non-response evaluation) and qualitative analyses (focus group and field cards). The self-administered questionnaires were used for a sample of 262 eighth-grade students (elementary school II) in 11 classes of four public schools in the city of São Paulo. Results: The level of agreement was substantial (Kappa 0.60-0.79) or almost perfect (Kappa > 0.8) for almost all questions about the use of marijuana, alcohol, cigarettes, cocaine, crack, and binge drinking. The model fit indices, for almost all secondary outcomes, indicated that the modls underlying each scale, constituted by observed and latent variables, had a good fit adjustument. The focus groups and field cards provided high-quality information that helped the researchers identify the main difficulties in applying and understanding the questions. Conclusion: The questionnaire showed high factorial validity, reliability and understanding by adolescents. After the necessary changes, identified in this study, the questionnaire will be suitable to evaluate the results of the #Tamojunto2.0 program in a randomized controlled trial.

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BACKGROUND: Early interventions benefit the mental health, academic performance and productivity of children and adolescents throughout their life. The present study protocol will evaluate the effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 Programme, which is a version adapted for Brazil by the Ministry of Health, in reducing problem behaviours (e.g., disruptiveness, aggressivity and shyness) and promoting social skills in the school context in children 6 to 10 years of age. The Elos Programme is based on the Good Behaviour Game, which is widely used and prevents and/or reduces students' disruptive behaviours by establishing cooperation contingencies. METHOD: A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be performed in 30 schools in three cities (15 controls and 15 in the experimental group), with a total of 3800 children participating in the test (1900 in the control group and 1900 in the intervention group). Data will be collected by having teachers in the control and experimental classes complete the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation (TOCA) questionnaire, which is an instrument used to observe children's behaviour in the classroom. We will collect data before and after the intervention period in the same year. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, multilevel analysis will be performed to detect simultaneous differences in prevalence over time and across groups to control for sociodemographic variables. DISCUSSION: The current study will examine the effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 Programme in reducing problem behaviours (e.g., disruptiveness, aggressivity and shyness) and promoting social skills in the school context. The findings of this school-based prevention programme for children will influence the development and implementation of similar programmes for schools and educational policymakers by identifying mechanisms that are central to achieving positive outcomes for participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registry of Clinical Trials of the Ministry of Health RBR-86c6jp . Registered February 2, 2019.

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution that has a major impact on public health. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of canine infection by Leishmania infantum, the factors associated with the infection and its spatial distribution in the municipality of Mãe D'Água, in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 150 dogs for diagnosis by the DPP®, ELISA-S7®, ELISA-EIE® and qPCR assays. The prevalence was calculated considering the positivity in at least two tests. SaTScan® was used for spatial analysis. The prevalence of canine infection with Leishmania was 18.6% (28/150), with the rural area being identified as a risk factor (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.93). The permanence of the dog loose during the night (OR = 0.33) and deworming (OR = 0.30) were identified as protective factors. A risk cluster was formed in the northern region of the urban area. Mãe D'Água showed a pattern of active transmission in the rural area, but VL control measures also need to be carried out in the urban area to prevent human cases and the spread of the disease in the risk zone.

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BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis affects more than 220,000 patients/year, with high mortality even when the standard treatment [amphotericin B (AMB), 5-flucytosin (5-FC) and fluconazole] is used. AMB presents high toxicity and 5-FC is not currently available in Brazil. In a pre-clinical study, pioglitazone (PIO - an antidiabetic drug) decreased AMB toxicity and lead to an increased mice survival, reduced morbidity and fungal burden in brain and lungs. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PIO combined with standard antifungal treatment for human cryptococcosis. METHODS: A phase 1/2, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial will be performed with patients from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. They will be divided into three groups (placebo, PIO 15 mg/day or PIO 45 mg/day) and will receive an additional pill during the induction phase of cryptococcosis' treatment. Our hypothesis is that treated patients will have increased survival, so the primary outcome will be the mortality rate. Patients will be monitored for survival, side effects, fungal burden and inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The follow up will occur for up 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: We expect that PIO will be an adequate adjuvant to the standard cryptococcosis' treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ICTRP/WHO (and International Clinical Trial Registry Plataform (ICTRP/WHO) (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RBR-9fv3f4), RBR-9fv3f4 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9fv3f4). UTN Number: U1111-1226-1535. Ethical approvement number: CAAE 17377019.0.0000.5149.

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: A cervicobraquialgia (CB) é caracterizada por uma dor com origem em diferentes níveis estruturais da coluna cervical baixa (C3- C7), com irradiação bilateral ou unilateral para o membro superior. Considerando as causas e consequências advindas da CB, novas modalidades de tratamento têm sido propostas na tentativa de promover intervenções efetivas. Entre os procedimentos fisioterapêuticos encontram-se as técnicas de terapia manual como liberação miofascial, quiropraxia, mobilização articular, estabilização segmentar e a mobilização neural (MN) que procura restabelecer a função do tecido neural, sua condução elétrica, elasticidade, movimento e fluxo axoplasmático. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar sistematicamente as evidências sobre o efeito da MN no tratamento da dor em indivíduos com CB. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada no período entre Novembro de 2018 a Junho de 2019, sem limite de ano de publicação, nas bases de dados: PEDro, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Lilacs, Scielo e Medline) e Cochrane Library. A análise foi restrita aos ensaios clínicos randomizados. Para a análise etodológica dos artigos aptos a inclusão, foi utilizada a escala PEDro. Foi encontrado um total de 38 artigos. Após remoção de duplicatas, 14 artigos foram elegidos por resumo, 8 artigos foram recuperados para leitura completa e analisados quanto a sua adequação, dos quais 3 foram excluídos por não cumprirem os critérios de elegibilidade, ao fim 5 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Houve redução significativa da dor, em pacientes tratados com MN. Considerando os resultados obtidos nesta revisão, foi possível concluir que a MN demonstra ser eficaz na redução da dor presente na CB. Embora os estudos mostrem que os resultados da MN como tratamento da CB são significativamente inferiores ao efeito do Ibuprofeno, deve-se ter em consideração as consequências a longo prazo para a saúde sobre a utilização de anti- inflamatórios orais.(AU)

Cervicobrachialgia (CB) is characterized by pain originating from different structural levels of the lower cervical spine (C3-C7), w ith bilateral or unilateral irradiation to the upper limb. Considering the causes and consequences of CB, new treatment modalities have been proposed in an attempt to promote effective interventions. Among the physical therapy procedures are manual therapy techniques such as myofascial release, chiropractic, joint mobilization, segmental stabilization and neural mobilization (NM) that seeks to restore the function of neural tissue, its electrical conduction, elasticity, movement and ax oplasmic flow . Thus, the objective of the study w as to evaluate systematically evaluate the evidence on the effect of NM on pain management in individuals w ith CB. The bibliographic search w as performed from November 2018 to June 2019, w ithout limit of year of publication, in the databases: PEDro, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (Lilacs, Scielo and Medline) and Cochrane Library. The analysis w as restricted to randomized controlled trials. For the methodological analysis of the articles eligible for inc lusion, the PEDro scale w as used. A total of 38 articles w ere found. After removal of duplicates, 14 articles w ere elected by abstract, 8 articles w ere retrieved for full reading and analyzed for suitability, of w hich 3 w ere excluded for not meeting eligibility c riteria, at the end 5 articles w ere included in the review . There was a significant pain reduction in patients treated w ith NM. Considering the results obtained in this review , it w as concluded that NM demonstrates to be effective in reducing pain present in CB. Although studies show that the results of NM as a treatment for CB are significantly low er than the effect of ibuprofen, consideration should be given to the long-term health consequences about the utilization of oral anti-inflammatory drugs.(AU)

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Visceral leishmaniasis is a widely distributed zoonosis and canine infection is an important indicator of risk for the occurrence of the disease in humans. The goal of this analysis was to study the spatial clustering of canine leishmaniasis (CL) in the municipality of Santa Luzia, state of Paraíba. For this, 749 samples of canine plasma were tested using three serological tests. The dog was considered positive if it reacted in two serological tests. The location of the residences was performed with a Global Positioning System receiver (GPS Garmin® eTrex 30), and used to perform georeferencing and spatial analysis. The prevalence of CL was 15.49% and it was observed that most cases of the urban area were concentrated in the Frei Damião neighborhood, on the outskirts of the city, where a high-risk cluster for the occurrence of the disease was formed (p = 0.02; RR = 2.48). No statistically significant cluster was observed in rural areas. CL is widely distributed in the municipality of Santa Luzia in a heterogeneous manner and with a tendency to urbanization. The areas identified with high prevalence and highest risk should be prioritized to maximize the efficiency of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Program and minimize the chance of new canine and human cases.

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