RESUMEN
Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that works well with chemical endpoints, with several papers confirming its efficiency. Although effective, because the choice of source/assistant tasks is non-trivial, the application of this technique is severely limited by the domain knowledge of the modeller. Considering this limitation, we developed a purely data-driven approach for source task selection that abstracts the need for domain knowledge. To achieve this, we created a supervised learning setting in which transfer outcome (positive/negative) is the variable to be predicted, and a set of six transferability metrics, calculated based on information from target and source datasets, are the features for prediction. We used the ChEMBL database to generate 100,000 transfers using random pairing, and with these transfers, we trained and evaluated our transferability prediction model (TP-Model). Our TP-Model achieved a 135-fold increase in precision while achieving a sensitivity of 92%, demonstrating a clear superiority against random search. In addition, we observed that transfer learning could provide considerable performance increases when applicable, with an average Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) increase of 0.19 when using a single source and an average MCC increase of 0.44 when using multiple sources.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Automático , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Bases de Datos FactualesRESUMEN
This integrative literature review study analyzes the findings of the last 5 years of the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is known that this nematode is found in the pulmonary arteries of rats, where it remains as a definitive host. From mice, the cycle spreads to animals, such as snails, which in contact with humans can trigger the disease. In humans, the parasite causes several neurological, abdominal manifestations and mainly meningitis. Based on the review of studies, its epidemiology shows worldwide distribution, although there are endemic cases for this parasite, such as asian countries. Laboratory findings generally showed altered CSF with turbidity, increased protein and eosinophilia, which generated meningeal signs in the patient, moreover MRI exams showed multiple alterations. Rare findings of the nematode in the eyeball, lung and signs of peritoneal inflammation were reported, which requires further studies to understand the whole pathophysiology. Finally, conservative treatment based on anthelmintics and anti-inflammatories brought good responses, although there are reports of deaths, which demonstrates the importance in the prevention and therapy of this disease.
Asunto(s)
Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Antihelmínticos , Infecciones por Strongylida , Angiostrongylus cantonensis/fisiología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios , Humanos , Ratones , Ratas , Caracoles/parasitología , Infecciones por Strongylida/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This integrative literature review study analyzes the findings of the last 5 years of the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is known that this nematode is found in the pulmonary arteries of rats, where it remains as a definitive host. From mice, the cycle spreads to animals, such as snails, which in contact with humans can trigger the disease. In humans, the parasite causes several neurological, abdominal manifestations and mainly meningitis. Based on the review of studies, its epidemiology shows worldwide distribution, although there are endemic cases for this parasite, such as asian countries. Laboratory findings generally showed altered CSF with turbidity, increased protein and eosinophilia, which generated meningeal signs in the patient, moreover MRI exams showed multiple alterations. Rare findings of the nematode in the eyeball, lung and signs of peritoneal inflammation were reported, which requires further studies to understand the whole pathophysiology. Finally, conservative treatment based on anthelmintics and anti-inflammatories brought good responses, although there are reports of deaths, which demonstrates the importance in the prevention and therapy of this disease.
Este estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura analisa os achados dos últimos 5 anos do parasita Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Sabe-se que esse nematoide é encontrado nas artérias pulmonares de ratos, onde permanece como hospedeiro definitivo. Dos camundongos, o ciclo se espalha para os animais, como os caracóis, que em contato com humanos podem desencadear a doença. Em humanos, o parasita causa diversas manifestações neurológicas, abdominais e principalmente meningite. Com base na revisão de estudos, sua epidemiologia mostra distribuição mundial, embora existam casos endêmicos para esse parasito, como países asiáticos. Os achados laboratoriais geralmente mostraram LCR alterado com turbidez, aumento de proteínas e eosinofilia, o que gerou sinais meníngeos nos pacientes, além disso, os exames de ressonância magnética mostraram múltiplas alterações. Foram relatados achados raros do nematoide no globo ocular, pulmão e sinais de inflamação peritoneal, o que requer mais estudos para o entendimento de toda a fisiopatologia. Por fim, o tratamento conservador à base de anti-helmínticos e anti-inflamatórios trouxe boas respostas, embora haja relatos de óbitos, o que demonstra a importância na prevenção e terapia dessa doença.
Asunto(s)
Ratas , Epidemiología Analítica , AngiostrongylusRESUMEN
The article assesses the effect of different potassium emulsifying salts concentrations on physicochemical, colorimetric, and texture characteristics of processed cheese manufactured using Maasdam. Except for pH, physicochemical parameters remained unchanged, but the gradual substitution of sodium emulsifying salts with potassium-based salts influenced color and texture. Treatments with at least 50% potassium salts showed a reduction of at least 30% of sodium. The sodium decrease allows the product's classification as processed cheese with low-sodium content (<140mg per 56.7g serving). The data obtained present substantial information that can help the dairy industries develop newly reduced-sodium products.
O artigo avalia o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais emulsificantes de potássio nas características fisico-químicas, colorimétricas e de textura de queijos processados fabricados com Maasdam. Com exceção do pH, os parâmetros físico-químicos permaneceram inalterados, mas a substituição gradual dos sais emulsificantes de sódio por sais à base de potássio influenciou a cor e a textura. Os tratamentos com pelo menos 50% de sais de potássio mostraram uma redução de pelo menos 30% do sódio. A diminuição do sódio permite a classificação do produto como queijo fundido com baixo teor de sódio (<140mg por porção de 56,7g). Os dados obtidos apresentam informações substanciais que podem ajudar as indústrias de laticínios a desenvolver novos produtos com teor de sódio reduzido.
Asunto(s)
Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Queso/análisis , Productos Lácteos/análisis , Estándar de Identidad y Calidad de Productos y Servicios , Dieta SaludableRESUMEN
The native stands of candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) have been explored through management plans due to the economic potential of essential oil. The rescue of adult trees, as well as the application of silvicultural techniques that favor the restoration of the stand, can contribute to the genetic conservation of this species. This studys objective was to assess the efficiency of propagation techniques for the rescue of 26 matrices of candeia in a natural managed stand and discussion about the rhizogenesis. In August 2017, trees were induced to regrowth by coppice, followed by exposure and scarification of roots. The emergence of shoots and morphology were evaluated according to the origin (i.e., stump or root). After that period, 19 matrices had their sprouts collected for the preparation of apical cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was applied at the base of the cuttings. Cutting survival at greenhouse exit (GE), rooting at shade house exit (SHE), morphology and root anatomy were evaluated. In 189 days, the scarification of roots promoted 76.92% of budding. The percentage of sprouted matrices, number of shoots per matrice, length, diameter, and shoot length/diameter ratio increased over time. Only 12.2% of the cuttings survived in GE, and of these, 7.9% rooted in SHE. The cutting resulted in the formation of a clonal mini-garden of candeia, with seven of the 19 matrices submitted to propagation. The anatomical analyses showed that bud formation occurs from cell redifferentiation in the phloem parenchyma, and presence of crystals on the walls of the vessel elements of the secondary xylem. The shoots induction from scarification of roots could be used as a silvicultural practice for the reestablishment of the native fragments handle.(AU)
Os povoamentos nativos de candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) vêm sendo explorados por planos de manejo devido ao potencial econômico do óleo essencial. O resgate de árvores adultas, bem como a aplicação de técnicas silviculturais que favoreçam o restabelecimento do povoamento podem contribuir para a conservação genética dessa espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de técnicas de propagação para o resgate de 26 matrizes de candeia em um povoamento natural manejado e discutir sobre a rizogênese. Em agosto de 2017, as árvores foram induzidas à rebrota por meio da decepa, seguida da exposição e escarificação das raízes. A emissão brotações e morfologia foram avaliadas de acordo com a origem (toco ou raiz). Após esse período, 19 matrizes tiveram as brotações recolhidas para o preparo de estacas apicais, que foram tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB). A sobrevivência das estacas na saída da casa de vegetação (SCV), o enraizamento na saída da casa de sombra (SCS), a morfologia e a anatomia da raiz foram avaliados. Aos 189 dias, a escarificação das raízes resultou em 76,92% de emissão de brotos. O percentual de matrizes brotadas, número de brotos por matriz, comprimento, diâmetro e relação comprimento/diâmetro dos brotos aumentaram ao longo do período avaliado. Somente 12,2% das estacas sobreviveram na SCV e 7,9% enraizaram na SCS. A estaquia resultou na formação de um minijardim clonal de candeia com sete das dezenove matrizes submetidas à propagação. As análises anatômicas mostraram a diferenciação das células na região do parênquima floemático e a presença de cristais de inulina nas paredes dos elementos de vaso do xilema secundário. A indução de brotos radiculares pode ser usada como prática silvicultural visando o restabelecimento de fragmentos nativos manejados.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Desarrollo de la PlantaRESUMEN
Abstract The native stands of 'candeia' (Eremanthus erythropappus) have been explored through management plans due to the economic potential of essential oil. The rescue of adult trees, as well as the application of silvicultural techniques that favor the restoration of the stand, can contribute to the genetic conservation of this species. This study's objective was to assess the efficiency of propagation techniques for the rescue of 26 matrices of 'candeia' in a natural managed stand and discussion about the rhizogenesis. In August 2017, trees were induced to regrowth by coppice, followed by exposure and scarification of roots. The emergence of shoots and morphology were evaluated according to the origin (i.e., stump or root). After that period, 19 matrices had their sprouts collected for the preparation of apical cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was applied at the base of the cuttings. Cutting survival at greenhouse exit (GE), rooting at shade house exit (SHE), morphology and root anatomy were evaluated. In 189 days, the scarification of roots promoted 76.92% of budding. The percentage of sprouted matrices, number of shoots per matrice, length, diameter, and shoot length/diameter ratio increased over time. Only 12.2% of the cuttings survived in GE, and of these, 7.9% rooted in SHE. The cutting resulted in the formation of a clonal mini-garden of 'candeia', with seven of the 19 matrices submitted to propagation. The anatomical analyses showed that bud formation occurs from cell redifferentiation in the phloem parenchyma, and presence of crystals on the walls of the vessel elements of the secondary xylem. The shoots induction from scarification of roots could be used as a silvicultural practice for the reestablishment of the native fragments handle.
Resumo Os povoamentos nativos de candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) vêm sendo explorados por planos de manejo devido ao potencial econômico do óleo essencial. O resgate de árvores adultas, bem como a aplicação de técnicas silviculturais que favoreçam o restabelecimento do povoamento podem contribuir para a conservação genética dessa espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de técnicas de propagação para o resgate de 26 matrizes de candeia em um povoamento natural manejado e discutir sobre a rizogênese. Em agosto de 2017, as árvores foram induzidas à rebrota por meio da decepa, seguida da exposição e escarificação das raízes. A emissão brotações e morfologia foram avaliadas de acordo com a origem (toco ou raiz). Após esse período, 19 matrizes tiveram as brotações recolhidas para o preparo de estacas apicais, que foram tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB). A sobrevivência das estacas na saída da casa de vegetação (SCV), o enraizamento na saída da casa de sombra (SCS), a morfologia e a anatomia da raiz foram avaliados. Aos 189 dias, a escarificação das raízes resultou em 76,92% de emissão de brotos. O percentual de matrizes brotadas, número de brotos por matriz, comprimento, diâmetro e relação comprimento/diâmetro dos brotos aumentaram ao longo do período avaliado. Somente 12,2% das estacas sobreviveram na SCV e 7,9% enraizaram na SCS. A estaquia resultou na formação de um minijardim clonal de candeia com sete das dezenove matrizes submetidas à propagação. As análises anatômicas mostraram a diferenciação das células na região do parênquima floemático e a presença de cristais de inulina nas paredes dos elementos de vaso do xilema secundário. A indução de brotos radiculares pode ser usada como prática silvicultural visando o restabelecimento de fragmentos nativos manejados.
Asunto(s)
Raíces de Plantas , Asteraceae , Reproducción Asexuada , Árboles , División CelularRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: La resección anterior baja protegida con una ileostomía en asa (IA) luego de neoadyuvancia es el tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto bajo localmente avanzado. Objetivos: Investigar la incidencia, características clínicas de la disfunción ileostómica (DI) en estos pacientes y, eventualmente, definir un perfil de riesgo. Materiales y Método: Se analizan 103 pacientes consecutivos. La DI se define como la eliminación por la ileostomía de más de 1,5 litros por día durante 3 o más días consecutivos asociado a distensión y dolor abdominal con intolerancia a la alimentación oral en ausencia de una complicación intraabdominal Clavien-Dindo grado III o mayor. Se comparan el grupo con DI del resto (no DI). Resultados: La DI se presentó en el 14,5% de los casos, se resolvió entre 12 y 70 días (en el 50% superó los 30 días), la tasa de reingreso fue 27% y no hubo reoperaciones en este grupo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos salvo en el tiempo de hospitalizarán y la tasa de reingresos. Discusión: La DI corresponde a un tipo de íleo posoperatorio de gravedad y duración variable que paradojalmente se asocia con la eliminación de altos volúmenes de contenido intestinal por la IA, requiere aporte vigoroso de volumen y electrolitos y en los casos más graves apoyo con nutrición parenteral. El cuadro revierte en plazos variables con manejo conservador. En este estudio no se ha logrado definir un perfil del paciente en riesgo de sufrir esta complicación o factores predictivos de ella.
Background: Diverting loop ileostomy (LI) is commonly performed to protect a distal anastomosis after a low anterior resection. Aim: To investigate the frecuency and clinical features of ileostomic dysfunction (ID) and, eventually, to define a profile of patients at risk of this complicaction. Materials and Method: 103 consecutive patients operated on for rectal cancer were included. ID is defined when the maxime output was more than 1,5 lt/day for three or more consecutive days with biochemical disturbances, associated to abdominal distension and the inability to tolerate oral feeding without postoperative severe complication. Patients with ID were compared with noID group. Results: ID developed in 15 patients, lasting between 12 and 70 days (50% for more then 30 days), the readmission rate was 27% without reoperation in this group. Except for inhospital time and readmission rate, no other difference between both groups were founded. Discussion: ID is a kind of paralitic ileus of variable intensity with paradox high output ileostomy leading to depletion of water and electrolyte imbalance. ID requires reposition of high volumen of fluids and electrolytes and sometimes parenteral nutrition with full recovery in variable periods without invasive treatment. In this study it was not possible to define a patient profile at risk or predictive factores of this complication.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias del Recto/epidemiología , Ileostomía/métodos , Obstrucción Intestinal/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Incidencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Women have always played an important role in the development of toxicology all over the world. Specifically in Brazil, toxicology has had greater female representation than other countries, but women's participation at high hierarchical levels is low. Although more than 62% of the members of the Brazilian Society of Toxicology are women, only 7 out of the 22 presidents have been women throughout its 48 years of existence. This article aims to celebrate women in the field of toxicology in Brazil, based on interviews with five of these scientists who have changed the field of toxicology in Brazil as we know it today, each in their specific sub-areas. These women are: Dr. Ester de Camargo Fonseca Moraes, Dr. Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros, Dr. Alice Aparecida da Matta Chasin, Dr. Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro, and Dr. Tania Marcourakis. They are not only pioneers but they are also examples of admirable persistence in fighting the adversities presented to them. They broke the glass ceiling and opened doors for future generations of women in science. We hope that this article helps inspire women in their careers in toxicology.
Asunto(s)
Toxicología , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Toxicología/tendenciasRESUMEN
The native stands of 'candeia' (Eremanthus erythropappus) have been explored through management plans due to the economic potential of essential oil. The rescue of adult trees, as well as the application of silvicultural techniques that favor the restoration of the stand, can contribute to the genetic conservation of this species. This study's objective was to assess the efficiency of propagation techniques for the rescue of 26 matrices of 'candeia' in a natural managed stand and discussion about the rhizogenesis. In August 2017, trees were induced to regrowth by coppice, followed by exposure and scarification of roots. The emergence of shoots and morphology were evaluated according to the origin (i.e., stump or root). After that period, 19 matrices had their sprouts collected for the preparation of apical cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was applied at the base of the cuttings. Cutting survival at greenhouse exit (GE), rooting at shade house exit (SHE), morphology and root anatomy were evaluated. In 189 days, the scarification of roots promoted 76.92% of budding. The percentage of sprouted matrices, number of shoots per matrice, length, diameter, and shoot length/diameter ratio increased over time. Only 12.2% of the cuttings survived in GE, and of these, 7.9% rooted in SHE. The cutting resulted in the formation of a clonal mini-garden of 'candeia', with seven of the 19 matrices submitted to propagation. The anatomical analyses showed that bud formation occurs from cell redifferentiation in the phloem parenchyma, and presence of crystals on the walls of the vessel elements of the secondary xylem. The shoots induction from scarification of roots could be used as a silvicultural practice for the reestablishment of the native fragments handle.
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae , Raíces de Plantas , División Celular , Reproducción Asexuada , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate the relationship between self-reported colour-race, genomic ancestry, and metabolic syndrome in an admixed Brazilian population with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We included 1640 participants with type 1 diabetes. The proportions of European, African and Amerindian genomic ancestries were determined by 46 ancestry informative markers of insertion deletion. Two different sets of analyses were performed to determine whether self-reported colour-race and genomic ancestry were predictors of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome was identified in 29.8% of participants. In the first model, the factors associated with metabolic syndrome were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.36, P = 0.019); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 5.93, P < 0.001). Colour-race was not a predictive factor for metabolic syndrome. In the second model, colour-race was replaced by European genomic ancestry. The associated factors were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.39, P = 0.011); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 6.12, P < 0.001). Physical exercise (≥3 times a week) was a protective factor (odds ratio 0.77, P = 0.041), and European genomic ancestry was not associated with metabolic syndrome but showed an odds ratio of 1.77 (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although a higher level of European genomic ancestry was observed among participants with metabolic syndrome in the univariate analysis, this association did not persist after multivariable adjustments. Further prospective studies in other highly admixed populations remain necessary to better evaluate whether the European ancestral component modulates the development of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome Metabólico/etnología , Acantosis Nigricans/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska/genética , Indio Americano o Nativo de Alaska/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Negra/genética , Población Negra/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Femenino , Genómica , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnesis , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Protectores , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Población Blanca/genética , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the thermal response of three strains of hens housed in a cage-free system at the Amazon rainforest in order to evaluate how feather coverage influences thermal exchange with the environment. The experimental method was completely randomized and treatments comprised three strains of hens (Rhode Island Red (red feathers with feathers on the neck), alternative strain FCI (red feathers without feathers on the neck), and alternative strain FCIII (white feathers without feathers on the neck)), with 20 hens (replicates) analyzed per strain. Thermal images of each bird were captured in order to record the birds surface temperatures on five points in five targets. All data collected in this study were subjected to ANOVA and subsequently to the Tukey test at p≤0.01 and p≤0.05. The aviarys left wall presented a lower average temperature, indicating lower heat accumulation, while the floor presented higher heat accumulation. FCIII hens (white feathers) presented higher (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the head and legs, and lower (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the neck and back in relation to other analyzed hens, indicating increased heat exchange efficiency and high concentration of this process in specific body areas. FCI and FCIII hens (without feathers on the neck) presented lower (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the neck and higher (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the head and legs, indicating that the feather coverage directly influenced heat exchange mechanisms, and an increased area without feathers provided great heat exchange zones for birds in a tropical climate.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bienestar del Animal , Pollos/fisiología , Respuesta al Choque TérmicoRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the thermal response of three strains of hens housed in a cage-free system at the Amazon rainforest in order to evaluate how feather coverage influences thermal exchange with the environment. The experimental method was completely randomized and treatments comprised three strains of hens (Rhode Island Red (red feathers with feathers on the neck), alternative strain FCI (red feathers without feathers on the neck), and alternative strain FCIII (white feathers without feathers on the neck)), with 20 hens (replicates) analyzed per strain. Thermal images of each bird were captured in order to record the birds surface temperatures on five points in five targets. All data collected in this study were subjected to ANOVA and subsequently to the Tukey test at p≤0.01 and p≤0.05. The aviarys left wall presented a lower average temperature, indicating lower heat accumulation, while the floor presented higher heat accumulation. FCIII hens (white feathers) presented higher (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the head and legs, and lower (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the neck and back in relation to other analyzed hens, indicating increased heat exchange efficiency and high concentration of this process in specific body areas. FCI and FCIII hens (without feathers on the neck) presented lower (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the neck and higher (p<0.05) heat accumulation on the head and legs, indicating that the feather coverage directly influenced heat exchange mechanisms, and an increased area without feathers provided great heat exchange zones for birds in a tropical climate.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Bienestar del AnimalRESUMEN
Women have always played an important role in the development of toxicology all over the world. Specifically in Brazil, toxicology has had greater female representation than other countries, but women's participation at high hierarchical levels is low. Although more than 62% of the members of the Brazilian Society of Toxicology are women, only 7 out of the 22 presidents have been women throughout its 48 years of existence. This article aims to celebrate women in the field of toxicology in Brazil, based on interviews with five of these scientists who have changed the field of toxicology in Brazil as we know it today, each in their specific sub-areas. These women are: Dr. Ester de Camargo Fonseca Moraes, Dr. Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros, Dr. Alice Aparecida da Matta Chasin, Dr. Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro, and Dr. Tania Marcourakis. They are not only pioneers but they are also examples of admirable persistence in fighting the adversities presented to them. They broke the glass ceiling and opened doors for future generations of women in science. We hope that this article helps inspire women in their careers in toxicology.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Toxicología/tendencias , BrasilRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto localmente avanzado (CRLA) actual es multimodal. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva es factible en el manejo de este tumor, aunque existe controversia sobre sus resultados alejados. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados inmediatos y alejados de una serie laparoscópica (CL) con una serie de cirugía convencional (CA) intervenidos por CRLA. Materiales y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de ambas técnicas de abordaje en un periodo de 14 años. Se analiza la morbilidad, los resultados patológicos, la recidiva local y la sobrevida a largo plazo. Para estimar las curvas de sobrevida se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier. Para comparar las curvas de sobrevida se usó el test de log-rank. Resultados: Se compara 163 pacientes intervenidos por CL con 164 operados mediante CA. Ambos grupos resultaron equivalentes en cuanto a las variables demográficas, morbilidad perioperatoria y estadios patológicos finales, salvo un menor tiempo de hospitalización en el grupo CL (p = 0,007). Los tumores bajos recibieron radioterapia preoperatoria en el 90% de los casos. La recidiva local global y la sobrevida a largo plazo no muestran diferencias de acuerdo al tipo de abordaje. Al excluir los pacientes con una lesión en el recto superior se aprecia que los tumores de recto bajo tienen peor pronóstico, independiente de la técnica empleada (p = 0,007). Conclusiones: La CL es equivalente a la CA en el manejo multimodal del CRLA. La inclusión de tumores del recto superior tiende a mejorar artificialmente los resultados de la cirugía en cuanto a recidiva local y sobrevida global.
Introduction: Total mesorectal excison and preoperative radiotherapy are important components of multimodal treatment in patients with a low locally advanced rectal cancer. Short-term results of laparoscopic surgery has proven to be safe but oncological results are unclear. Aim: To compare short-term and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection of locally advanced rectal cancer operated on in the same period. Materials and Method: A total of 327 patientes with rectal cancer treated by open and laparoscopic curative surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term follow up was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and survival data were tested by log rank test. Results: Demographic data, levels of carcinoembryonaric antigen, perioperative morbidity and pathologic stages were similar in both groups, except for less inhospital time in laparoscopic group (p = 0.007). Over 90% of middle and low tumors recived preoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence and overall survival shows no difference between both groups. Low and middle rectal cancer showed worst prognosis than tumors of the high rectum, no matter of type of surgery (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is non-inferior to open resection for pathological and oncological outcomes. It's not convenient to include on trials lesions located in the high rectum, usually treated with primary surgery as colon cancer.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Neoplasias del Recto/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Recto/radioterapia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de promover, por meio de acesso único e com o uso de endoscópio flexível, ampla exploração da cavidade peritoneal de equinos em estação, foi concebida uma cânula laparoscópica para dar sustentação ao endoscópio e possibilitar o acesso sob visualização. O procedimento foi realizado a partir da fossa paralombar. Após pequena incisão cutânea, o endoscópio foi inserido na cânula e os músculos e o peritônio foram divulsionados mediante rotação da cânula. Logo depois da perfuração do peritônio, foi realizada a exploração da cavidade e a identificação das estruturas. Em seguida à exploração do lado ipsilateral ao acesso, realizou-se a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio ventralmente à porção caudal do cólon descendente, seguida de exploração do lado contralateral. Concluída a técnica, foi executado, para fins de comparação, o mesmo procedimento por meio da fossa paralombar contralateral. Foi possível a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio para o lado contralateral ao acesso em todos os procedimentos. Também foi possível a identificação da maioria das estruturas abdominais tanto pelo acesso esquerdo quanto pelo direito. A abordagem por acesso único mostrou-se viável para a exploração ampla da cavidade peritoneal, demonstrando ser uma alternativa à técnica laparoscópica convencional.(AU)
A laparoscopic cannula was designed to support a single access approach with a flexible endoscope for the wide exploration of the peritoneal cavity of standing horses. It provides support to the endoscope and allows access to the peritoneal cavity with a visual aid. This procedure was performed through the paralumbar fossa. After a small cutaneous incision, the endoscope was inserted into the cannula, and the muscles and peritoneum were divulsed through the rotation of the cannula. After the peritoneal perforation, cavity exploration and identification of structures were performed. After the exploration of the ipsilateral side of the access, the cannula/endoscope was transposed ventrally to the caudal portion of the descending colon; this was followed by the exploration of the contralateral side. Once this process was completed, the same procedure was performed through the contralateral paralumbar fossa for comparison. It was possible to transpose the cannula/endoscope set to the contralateral access side in all procedures. Further, it was possible to identify most of the abdominal structures in both the left and right access. This single access approach proved to be feasible for the extensive exploration of the peritoneal cavity, thereby indicating it can be an alternative to the conventional laparoscopic technique.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Peritoneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Endoscopios/veterinaria , Cirugía Asistida por Video/veterinaria , Cánula , Caballos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodosRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de promover, por meio de acesso único e com o uso de endoscópio flexível, ampla exploração da cavidade peritoneal de equinos em estação, foi concebida uma cânula laparoscópica para dar sustentação ao endoscópio e possibilitar o acesso sob visualização. O procedimento foi realizado a partir da fossa paralombar. Após pequena incisão cutânea, o endoscópio foi inserido na cânula e os músculos e o peritônio foram divulsionados mediante rotação da cânula. Logo depois da perfuração do peritônio, foi realizada a exploração da cavidade e a identificação das estruturas. Em seguida à exploração do lado ipsilateral ao acesso, realizou-se a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio ventralmente à porção caudal do cólon descendente, seguida de exploração do lado contralateral. Concluída a técnica, foi executado, para fins de comparação, o mesmo procedimento por meio da fossa paralombar contralateral. Foi possível a transposição do conjunto cânula/endoscópio para o lado contralateral ao acesso em todos os procedimentos. Também foi possível a identificação da maioria das estruturas abdominais tanto pelo acesso esquerdo quanto pelo direito. A abordagem por acesso único mostrou-se viável para a exploração ampla da cavidade peritoneal, demonstrando ser uma alternativa à técnica laparoscópica convencional.(AU)
A laparoscopic cannula was designed to support a single access approach with a flexible endoscope for the wide exploration of the peritoneal cavity of standing horses. It provides support to the endoscope and allows access to the peritoneal cavity with a visual aid. This procedure was performed through the paralumbar fossa. After a small cutaneous incision, the endoscope was inserted into the cannula, and the muscles and peritoneum were divulsed through the rotation of the cannula. After the peritoneal perforation, cavity exploration and identification of structures were performed. After the exploration of the ipsilateral side of the access, the cannula/endoscope was transposed ventrally to the caudal portion of the descending colon; this was followed by the exploration of the contralateral side. Once this process was completed, the same procedure was performed through the contralateral paralumbar fossa for comparison. It was possible to transpose the cannula/endoscope set to the contralateral access side in all procedures. Further, it was possible to identify most of the abdominal structures in both the left and right access. This single access approach proved to be feasible for the extensive exploration of the peritoneal cavity, thereby indicating it can be an alternative to the conventional laparoscopic technique.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Peritoneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Endoscopios/veterinaria , Cirugía Asistida por Video/veterinaria , Cánula , Caballos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodosRESUMEN
A fim de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses da rbST sobre a dinâmica folicular, a produção e a maturação in vitro de oócitos, 20 vacas Sindi, divididas em três grupos, receberam um dispositivo de progesterona intravaginal, estradiol e PGF2α, além de 2mL de solução salina (grupo controle), 250 (grupo rbST 250) ou 500mg de rbST (grupo rbST 500). Cinco dias depois, realizou-se a ovum pick up, e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) recuperados foram selecionados, classificados e maturados in vitro. Os dados de contagem foram comparados pelo procedimento glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test), e os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao qui-quadrado, no programa estatístico R, onde as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de folículos e à taxa de maturação. Os grupos rbST 250 e rbST 500 foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle em relação ao número de folículos grandes (0,42±0,20 vs. 0). O grupo rbST 500 apresentou maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de oócitos viáveis (91,52%) do que os grupos controle (67,85%) e rbST 250 (53,33%). A rbST aumenta o número de folículos grandes, e 500mg de rbST aumentam a porcentagem de oócitos viáveis em vacas Sindi.(AU)
In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of rbST on the follicular dynamics, production, and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 20 Sindhi cows were divided into three groups, receiving an intravaginal progesterone device, estradiol and PGF2α, and 2mL of solution saline (Control Group), 250 (rbST 250 Group) or 500mg rbST (rbST 500 Group). Five days later, the ovum pick up was performed, and the cumulus-oocyte (CCO) complexes recovered were selected, classified, and matured in vitro. The counting data were compared by the glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test) procedure, and the percentage data were submitted to Qui- square, in the statistical program R, where differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the groups regarding follicle quantity and maturation rate. The rbST 250 and rbST 500 groups were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Control group in relation to the number of large follicles (0.42±0.20 versus 0). The rbST 500 group presented higher (P< 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes (91.52%) than the Control (67.85%) and rbST 250 (53.33%) groups. rbST increases the number of large follicles and 500mg rbST increases the percentage of viable oocytes in Sindhi cows.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Oocitos , Inducción de la Ovulación/veterinaria , Hormona del Crecimiento/administración & dosificación , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinariaRESUMEN
A fim de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses da rbST sobre a dinâmica folicular, a produção e a maturação in vitro de oócitos, 20 vacas Sindi, divididas em três grupos, receberam um dispositivo de progesterona intravaginal, estradiol e PGF2α, além de 2mL de solução salina (grupo controle), 250 (grupo rbST 250) ou 500mg de rbST (grupo rbST 500). Cinco dias depois, realizou-se a ovum pick up, e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) recuperados foram selecionados, classificados e maturados in vitro. Os dados de contagem foram comparados pelo procedimento glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test), e os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao qui-quadrado, no programa estatístico R, onde as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de folículos e à taxa de maturação. Os grupos rbST 250 e rbST 500 foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle em relação ao número de folículos grandes (0,42±0,20 vs. 0). O grupo rbST 500 apresentou maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de oócitos viáveis (91,52%) do que os grupos controle (67,85%) e rbST 250 (53,33%). A rbST aumenta o número de folículos grandes, e 500mg de rbST aumentam a porcentagem de oócitos viáveis em vacas Sindi.(AU)
In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of rbST on the follicular dynamics, production, and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 20 Sindhi cows were divided into three groups, receiving an intravaginal progesterone device, estradiol and PGF2α, and 2mL of solution saline (Control Group), 250 (rbST 250 Group) or 500mg rbST (rbST 500 Group). Five days later, the ovum pick up was performed, and the cumulus-oocyte (CCO) complexes recovered were selected, classified, and matured in vitro. The counting data were compared by the glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test) procedure, and the percentage data were submitted to Qui- square, in the statistical program R, where differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the groups regarding follicle quantity and maturation rate. The rbST 250 and rbST 500 groups were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Control group in relation to the number of large follicles (0.42±0.20 versus 0). The rbST 500 group presented higher (P< 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes (91.52%) than the Control (67.85%) and rbST 250 (53.33%) groups. rbST increases the number of large follicles and 500mg rbST increases the percentage of viable oocytes in Sindhi cows.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Oocitos , Inducción de la Ovulación/veterinaria , Hormona del Crecimiento/administración & dosificación , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinariaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the ideal requirement of sodium to molted laying hens. The experimental period lasted 105 days, divided into five periods of 21 days. Hisex White laying hens 150 with 84 weeks-of-age were used. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5x3) with treatments constituted by five levels of sodium (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30%) in the diets, and three postmolt stages (early = 21 days, medium = 63 days, and final = 105 days). Performance and egg quality results were evaluated by Tukey test at 5%. Eggshell resistance and weight gain results were evaluated by polynomial regression at 5%. Except the yolk height, all performance and egg quality variables were affected (p 0.05) by the sodium levels and the hens age postmolt. The level of 0.15% of sodium in diets to postmolt laying hens provided better performance and egg quality, especially in the eggshell. Higher levels of sodium negatively affected the performance and egg quality. Hens in the early stage of postmolt period presented better performance and egg quality. At long-term, the postmolt hens presented worst results.