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The Vaupés River stands out as one of the few within the Amazon basin due to its numerous rapids. These riverine fast-flowing sections not only provide habitat to highly specialized fishes but also function as natural barriers hindering the movement of fish along its course. During a fish-collecting expedition in the lower Vaupés River basin in Colombia, 95 species were registered belonging to 30 families and seven orders. Despite recent inventories in the region, our comprehensive sampling efforts particularly focused on the rapids and associated rheophilic fauna, allowing us to contribute the first records of four fish species in Colombia (Mylopluslucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu, 2016, Tometesmakue Jégu, Santos & Jégu, 2002, also first record of the genus, Leptodoraspraelongus (Myers & Weitzman, 1956), and Eigenmanniamatintapereira Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015) and six presumably undescribed species (i.e., Jupiaba sp., Moenkhausia sp., Phenacogaster sp., Bunocephalus sp., Hemiancistrus sp., and Archolaemus sp.). In this study, a commented list of the ichthyofauna of these environments is presented, as well as a photographic catalog of fish species integrated into the CaVFish Project - Colombia.

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We assessed factors that determine the tissue-specific bioactivation of ProTide prodrugs by comparing the disposition and activation of remdesivir (RDV), its methylpropyl and isopropyl ester analogues (MeRDV and IsoRDV, respectively), the oral prodrug GS-621763, and the parent nucleotide GS-441524 (Nuc). RDV and MeRDV yielded more active metabolite remdesivir-triphosphate (RDV-TP) than IsoRDV, GS-621763, and Nuc in human lung cell models due to superior cell permeability and higher susceptivity to cathepsin A. Intravenous administration to mice showed that RDV and MeRDV delivered significantly more RDV-TP to the lung than other compounds. Nevertheless, all four ester prodrugs exhibited very low oral bioavailability (<2%), with Nuc being the predominant metabolite in blood. In conclusion, ProTides prodrugs, such as RDV and MeRDV, are more efficient in delivering active metabolites to the lung than Nuc, driven by high cell permeability and susceptivity to cathepsin A. Optimizing ProTides' ester structures is an effective strategy for enhancing prodrug activation in the lung.

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Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Antivirales , Catepsina A , Pulmón , Profármacos , Profármacos/química , Profármacos/metabolismo , Profármacos/farmacocinética , Profármacos/farmacología , Animales , Ratones , Antivirales/farmacocinética , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/metabolismo , Humanos , Catepsina A/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Adenosina Monofosfato/análogos & derivados , Adenosina Monofosfato/farmacocinética , Adenosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Monofosfato/química , Adenosina Monofosfato/farmacología , Alanina/análogos & derivados , Alanina/química , Alanina/farmacocinética , Alanina/metabolismo , Alanina/farmacología , Permeabilidad , ProTides

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Introduction: Patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPG) have good survival rates although their long-term quality of life can be affected by the tumor or treatment-related morbidity. This retrospective study sought to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of children with OPG at a tertiary center in Mexico. Methods: Consecutive patients <18 years-of-age with newly diagnosed OPG between January 2002 and December 2020 at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca in Guadalajara, Mexico were included. Results: Thirty patients were identified with a median age of six years. The most frequent clinical manifestations were loss of visual acuity (40%) and headaches (23%). Neurofibromatosis-1 was found in 23.3% of the patients. Surgery, either biopsy or resection, was done in 20 of 30 patients. Two patients died shortly after initial surgery. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 79.3% ± 10.8% and the 5-year overall survival was 89.5% ± 6.9%. Lower EFS was associated with age less than 3 years, intracranial hypertension at presentation, and diencephalic syndrome. Patients who received surgery as first-line treatment had a 3.1 times greater risk of achieving a performance score of less than 90 points at 6 months after diagnosis (p=0.006). Of 10 patients with vision testing, 5 had improvement in visual acuity, 4 had no changes, and one patient showed worsening. Conclusion: Our data suggests that favorable outcomes can be achieved with OPG in low- and middle-income countries, although a high rate of surgical complications was described leading to a lower overall survival. These data can be used prospectively to optimize treatment at this institute and other middle-income countries through a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach.

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Introduction/Case report: We describe the case of a 6-month-old female infant who received the equivalent of 6 adult doses of the COVID-19 Pfizer vaccine due to an immunization error. The patient underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations from the time of vaccination error (January 2022) until November 2022. In the first three days after immunization, she presented with low-grade fever (38 °C) and mild pain and induration at the injection site. She showed no other symptoms afterwards. Laboratory tests were within normal limits for age, except for an elevated D-dimer (3.71 ug/mL; normal: up to 0.5 ug/mL) and as the echocardiogram and electrocardiogram were within normal limits as well, no interventions were instituted at that moment. On the tenth day, immune response evaluation showed a strong expression of cytokines related to the Th2 profile and a well-controlled inflammatory state. Forty-three days after the vaccine administration inflammation status remained, with a predominance of cellular immune response, IFN-γ expression increased compared to the previous evaluation, and a robust antiviral state was in place. After 90 days, immune response evaluation showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory state, still with a predominance of the cellular immune response. Clinically, the patient remained well, with no other noteworthy intercurrences, until the last appointment in November 2022. This child has had no evidence of a severe adverse effect associated to the vaccine overdose. Conclusion: The close follow-up of this case of vaccination error demonstrated that the COVID-19 Pfizer was safe and immunogenic in this individual, noting careful monitoring and followup of these vaccine administration errors is crucial.

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This study aimed to investigate the influence of water availability and nitrogen fertilization on plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and variables related to soybean crop yield. Trials were performed in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, using randomized blocks in a split-split plot arrangement. The plots corresponded to water regimes (full and deficient), the split plots to N fertilization (0 and 1000 kg ha-1 N-urea), and the split-split plots to harvest times of soybean plants (16, 23, 30, 37, 44, 58, 65, 79 and 86 days after emergence), with three replicates. In general, the accumulation and partitioning of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) were decreased in plants subjected to water deficit and without N fertilization. Although nitrogen fertilization promoted elevated N accumulation in tissues, it did not result in any significant yield gain, and the highest seed yields were found in plants under full irrigation, regardless of N supplementation. However, deficient irrigation decreased the seed oil content of N-fertilized plants. In conclusion, N fertilization is critical for nutrient homeostasis, and water availability impairs biomass and nutrient accumulation, thereby limiting soybean yield performance.

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Abstract We evaluated the implementation of the outpatient pharmaceutical office in a teaching hospital regarding the access to medicines available in the Unified Health System - SUS. This is a descriptive-analytical study, based on secondary data analysis of 735 appointments performed by the pharmacist from 2015 to 2017. Of the drugs prescribed to patients attended at the outpatient pharmacist office, 86.39% were listed in the National List of Essential Medicines - RENAME, of which 95.43% belonged to the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance. Evaluating the patient's diagnosis against the inclusion criteria of the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT), that the most frequent pharmaceutical interventions were: adequacy of the medication request documents (56.4%) and examination requests for pharmacotherapeutic follow up (28.5%). When the prescribed drugs were not included in RENAME/PCDT, the intervention was accepted in 90.3% of the proposals for exchange with available drug in SUS. Still, it was possible to refer the patient to primary care for renewal of continuity of treatment in 95.1% of cases. In conclusion, the role of the clinical pharmacist contributes to the resolution of untreated health problems by promoting access to medicines within the scope of SUS and their rational use in accordance with the PCDT.

Asunto(s)

Servicios Farmacéuticos/ética , Sistema Único de Salud , Acceso a Medicamentos Esenciales y Tecnologías Sanitarias , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicio Ambulatorio en Hospital/organización & administración , Pacientes Ambulatorios/clasificación

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Resumen La crianza de conejos contribuye a la obtención de proteína animal, así como de ingresos por la venta de dicha especie. La descripción y caracterización de los sistemas de producción de estos animales arrojan información valiosa para el diseño de planes de intervención y mejoras. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las principales variables que influyen en la heterogeneidad de los sistemas productores de conejos en el municipio Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. La muestra estuvo formada por 49 fincas. Se obtuvo la información cuantitativa de indicadores productivos, reproductivos y sociales, a través de un análisis de factores, usando componentes principales (CP). Se calcularon las puntuaciones factoriales de cada caso, en cada CP, y los estadísticos descriptivos de los indicadores medidos. En las condiciones del territorio estudiado, la eficiencia estuvo determinada por 6 CP que explicaron el 77.6 % de la varianza: 1) tamaño del rebaño y áreas de forrajes; 2) comportamiento reproductivo; 3) edad del productor y manejo reproductivo; 4) mortalidad; 5) edad al destete y sacrificio y 6) número de montas para gestar las conejas. La caracterización a partir del uso de CP, y el índice factorial de cada caso de estudio en cada CP, sirve de base para interpretar la gran heterogeneidad existente en los indicadores estudiados, así como su similitud, y contribuye a definir relaciones y comportamientos en la caracterización de fincas cunícolas en esta región, lo que permitirá implementar planes de mejora productiva.

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Abstract The breeding of rabbits contributes to obtaining animal protein and generating income from the sale of this species. The description and characterization of the production systems of these animals provide valuable information for the design of intervention and improvement plans. The aim of this study was to determine the main variables that influence the heterogeneity of the rabbit production systems in the Ciego de Ávila municipality, Cuba. The sample consisted of 49 farms. Quantitative data on productive, reproductive and social indicators were obtained through factor analysis using principal components (PC). The factor scores of each case were calculated, in each PC, and descriptive statistics of the indicators measured. In the conditions of the studied territory, the efficiency was determined by 6 PC that explained 77.6 % of the variance: 1) size of the herd and forage areas; 2) reproductive behavior; 3) age of the producer and reproductive management; 4) mortality; 5) age at weaning and age at slaughter and 6) number of mounts to gestate the breeders. The characterization from the use of PC, and the factor index for each case study in each PC, serve as the basis for interpreting the great existing heterogeneity in the indicators studied, as well as their similarity. It also contributes to defining relationships and behaviors in the characterization of rabbit farms in this region, which will allow the implementation of productive improvement plans.

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Genotype × environment (G×E) interaction is an important source of variation in soybean yield, which can significantly influence selection in breeding programs. This study aimed to select superior soybean genotypes for performance and yield stability, from data from multi-environment trials (METs), through GGE biplot analysis that combines the main effects of the genotype (G) plus the genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction. As well as, through path analysis, determine the direct and indirect influences of yield components on soybean grain yield, as a genotype selection strategy. Eight soybean genotypes from the breeding program of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) were evaluated in field trials using a randomized block experimental design, in an 8 x 8 factorial scheme with four replications in eight different environments of the Cerrado of Northeastern Brazil during two crop seasons. Phenotypic performance data were measured for the number of days to flowering (NDF), height of first pod insertion (HPI), final plant height (FPH), number of days to maturity (NDM), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY). The results revealed that the variance due to genotype, environment, and G×E interaction was highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits. The ST820RR, BRS 333RR, BRS SambaíbaRR, M9144RR and M9056RR genotypes exhibited the greatest GY stability in the environments studied. However, only the BRS 333RR genotype, followed by the M9144RR, was able to combine good productive performance with high yield stability. The study also revealed that the HPI and the NDM are traits that should be prioritized in the selection of soybean genotypes due to the direct and indirect effects on the GY.

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Glycine max , Fitomejoramiento , Grano Comestible/genética , Genotipo , Fenotipo , Fitomejoramiento/métodos , Glycine max/genética

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Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with and without the assistance of an additive, namely, gelatin, agar-agar or pectin, using eco-friendly conditions and materials embodying a green synthesis process. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the structure and morphology of the nanoparticles. Magnetic properties were investigated by SQUID magnetometry and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results show that the presence of the additives implies a higher reproducibility of the morphological magnetic nanoparticle characteristics compared with synthesis without any additive, with small differences associated with different additives. To assess their potential for magnetic hyperthermia, water-based suspensions of these nanoparticles were prepared with and without citric acid. The stable solutions obtained were studied for their structural, magnetic and heating efficiency properties. The results indicate that the best additive for the stabilization of a water-based emulsion and better heating efficiency is pectin or a combination of pectin and agar-agar, attaining an intrinsic loss power of 3.6 nWg-1.

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One of the projected effects of climate change is a reduction in rainfall in certain regions of the world. Hence, the agricultural and livestock sectors will have to cope with increasing incidences of water shortage while still maintaining productivity levels to feed an ever increasing global population. This short communication reports on the effect of a 2-week water stress on Pelibuey sheep in Cuba. Three treatments were compared, viz. supply of water ad libitum, water supplied once every 3 or 6 days. Following exposure to the water stress, the results showed no changes in sheep body weight or rectal temperature. However, respiration frequency was affected with water stress causing a reduction from 23.3 to 13.3 respirations per min in control and water-deprived animals, respectively. Furthermore, there was evidence for hemoconcentration in response to water stress (levels of hemoglobin increased from 9.2 to 13.1 g L-1 and hematocrits from 27.6 to 39.3% in the control group and animals restricted to water once every 6 days. The imposed water stress was also evident in the reduction of lymphocytes (from ±63 to 43%), and in increase of neutrophils (from approximately 38 to 54%) and leukocytes (from 3133 to 4933 per mm3). The results indicated a decline in the levels of antioxidants, i.e., SOD from approximately 13 to 10 U mg-1 protein and CAT activity from 23 to 9 U mg-1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the response of Pelibuey sheep to short-term water shortage stress under Cuban environmental conditions.

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Cambio Climático , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Antioxidantes , Ganado , Frecuencia Respiratoria , Ovinos

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We adopted the reverse transcriptase - loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect SARS-Cov-2 in patient samples. Two primer sets for genes N and Orf1ab were designed to detect SARS-CoV-2, and one primer set was designed to detect the human gene Actin. We collected prospective 138 nasopharyngeal swabs, 70 oropharyngeal swabs, 69 saliva, and 68 mouth saline wash samples from patients suspected to have severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 to test the RT-LAMP in comparison with the golden standard technique RT-qPCR. Accuracy of diagnosis using both primers, N5 and Orf9, was evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis was 96% (95% CI 87-99) and 85% (95% CI 76-91) in 138 samples, respectively. Accurate diagnosis results were obtained only in nasopharyngeal swab processed via extraction kit. Accurate and rapid diagnosis could aid COVID-19 pandemic management by identifying, isolating, and treating patients rapidly. HighlightsO_LINew nucleic acid amplification test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using the RT-LAMP C_LIO_LIN5 primer set showed mutations in strains of interest, such as the gamma strain (P.1) of SARS-CoV-2 C_LIO_LIWhen evaluated in combination N5 and Orf9 primer sets maintained high sensitivity and specificity C_LI

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Introducción: la Rinosinusitis Crónica se define como la inflamación crónica de la nariz y los senos paranasales por más de 12 semanas. La prevalencia varía entre el 5% - 30% de acuerdo con la zona geográfica según un estudio de carga de enfermedad (2012-2014), la prevalencia de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (rinitis y sinusitis crónica) varió entre el 10% y el 25%. Objetivo: establecer un conjunto de consideraciones basadas en consenso de expertos, para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica en pacientes adultos, en el contexto colombiano. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un consenso formal (Delphi y nominal). Se conformó un grupo de expertos, se definieron el alcance y las preguntas. Se realizaron dos rondas de calificación anónimas, y una discusión para las preguntas sin consenso. En las preguntas con opciones de uno a nueve, se consideró consenso con una mediana de uno a tres o de siete a nueve. En las preguntas tipo Likert, se consideró consenso un porcentaje igual o superior al 80% en acuerdos o desacuerdos. Resultados: se definieron y calificaron 18 preguntas, con la participación de 17 otorrinolaringólogos, de 8 ciudades colombianas, todos miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Otorrinolaringología y con un promedio de experticia de 19.2 años (Desviación estándar [DE]: 10,2). Se obtuvieron 18 recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta patología. Conclusiones: las recomendaciones emitidas por los expertos permiten orientar y estandarizar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica en adultos, en el contexto de los servicios de salud en Colombia.

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Introduction: Chronic Rhinosinusitis is defined as chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses for more than 12 weeks. The prevalence varies between 5% - 30% depending on the geographical area according to a disease burden study (2012-2014), the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (rhinitis and chronic sinusitis) varied between 10% - 25%. Objective: To establish a set of considerations based on expert consensus, for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients, in the Colombian context. Methods: A formal consensus (Delphi and nominal) was carried out. A group of experts was formed, the scope and questions were defined. Two anonymous grading rounds were conducted, and a discussion for questions without consensus. In the Questions with options from one to nine were considered consensus with a median of one to three or seven to nine. In the Likert-type questions, a percentage equal to or greater than 80% in agreements or disagreements was considered consensus. Results: 18 questions were defined and scored, with the participation of 17 otorhinolaryngologists, from eight Colombian cities, all members of the Colombian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and with an average experience of 19.2 years (Standard desviation [SD]: 10.2). 18 recommendations were obtained for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Conclusions: The recommendations issued by the experts allow to guide and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults, in the context of health services in Colombia.

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Humanos , Sinusitis , Terapéutica , Diagnóstico

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Sweet syndrome (SS) is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis that is histologically characterized by an infiltration of the dermis by neutrophils. A 12-year-old adolescent female patient recently diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia presented with fever and was hospitalized for antibiotic management after 22 days of being treated with a treatment protocol based on daunorubicin, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and prophylaxis with dexamethasone, the patient developed erythematous skin lesions located mostly on the extremities. Lesions evolved into painful subcutaneous nodules, and one lesion evolved into a 2.5-cm blister with a purple and necrotic base. A skin biopsy was performed and showed neutrophilic dermatosis which confirmed the diagnosis of SS. The patient's clinical features complied with criteria for differentiation syndrome complicated by shock. Two days after ATRA was suspended, the patient presented resolution of the fever and skin lesions. SS is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis secondary to an innate immune disorder classified into four categories: classical (idiopathic), para-inflammatory, paraneoplastic or pregnancy-related. SS has been described in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in adults secondary to the use of drugs such as ATRA or as a part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. SS can occur exceptionally in children with myeloid leukemia secondary to the use of drugs such as ATRA.

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Resumen Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas e histopatológicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma gástrico en la Clínica Oncológica Aurora, durante el período 2014-2017 en la ciudad de Pasto, Colombia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en una cohorte de 54 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico sometidos a gastrectomía durante los años 2014 a 2017. La información sociodemográfica se obtuvo a través de la historia clínica. El sistema de Sydney y la clasificación de Lauren se usaron para determinar las características histopatológicas. Resultados: la mayoría de los tumores se presentó en hombres mayores de 50 años (relación hombre mujer de 2,6:1). La ubicación predominante fue la región antropilórica. El histotipo tumoral más frecuente fue el intestinal (80%). La prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes fue del 24,07% y fue mayor en el histotipo intestinal. La metaplasia intestinal fue la lesión premaligna más prevalente en todos los histotipos tumorales. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio se encontró que la edad mayor a 50 años y el sexo masculino son condiciones asociadas con el cáncer gástrico; hallazgo ya demostrado en estudios previos. Es perentorio avanzar en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud pública, control de la infección por H. pylori y tamizaje temprano de lesiones premalignas, pues son factores determinantes en la carcinogénesis de pacientes con carcinomas no cardiales e histotipos intestinales ubicados en la región antrocorporal. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los histotipos tumorales, el adenocarcinoma de tipo intestinal ubicado en la región antropilórica fue el diagnóstico más frecuente.

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Abstract Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and histopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma at the Clínica Oncológica Aurora between 2014 and 2017 in the city of Pasto, Colombia. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in a cohort of 54 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 2014 and 2017. Sociodemographic information was taken from the medical records of the patients. The Sydney system and Lauren classification were used to determine histopathological characteristics. Results: Most tumors were found in men older than 50 years (with a male:female ratio of 2.6:1). The predominant location was the antropyloric region. The most frequent tumor histotype was intestinal (80%). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients was 24.07 % and it was most commonly found in the intestinal histotype. Intestinal metaplasia was the most prevalent premalignant lesion in all tumor histotypes. Conclusions: The present study found that the age of 50 and the male sex are conditions associated with gastric cancer. This finding has already been demonstrated in previous studies. Progress in improving public health conditions, controlling H. pylori infection, and early screening of premalignant lesions is imperative, as they are determining factors of carcinogenesis in patients with non-cardia carcinomas and intestinal histotypes located in the anthrocorporal region. Although no significant differences were found among tumor histotypes, intestinal adenocarcinoma in the antropyloric region was the most frequent diagnosis.

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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Gástricas , Tamizaje Masivo , Registros Médicos , Prevalencia , Helicobacter pylori , Diagnóstico , Gastrectomía

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BACKGROUND: Johrei, a noncontact healing therapy that purportedly channels "universal energy", is an easily taught technique with numerous positive reports of healing in human trials. However, studies on humans have been limited by small sample sizes, the placebo effect and baseline differences between groups. Overcoming some of these limitations, this study evaluated the effect of Johrei on the physiological potential of lettuce seeds. METHODS: Lettuce seeds were subjected to thermal stress and then treated with Johrei before and after two years of storage. The seedling emergence percentage, emergence speed index, classification score, percentage of viable seedlings and root and shoot dry mass of the treated seeds were determined. RESULTS: Stress-treated seeds treated with Johrei had a greater seedling emergence percentage than those not treated with Johrei (p<0.0001). Johrei also resulted in a greater emergence speed index (p<0.0001), a higher percentage of viable seedlings with higher classification score (p<0.0001) and greater root and shoot dry mass regardless of the storage duration (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Johrei effectively preserved lettuce seed health, and the efficacy of Johrei can be assessed by evaluating its effects on the physiological potential of stress-treated seeds. Using live plants allows the influence of Johrei to be evaluated without interference from the placebo effect. Future studies should evaluate the influence of Johrei in primary aging processes in plants, such as cellular respiration by mitochondrial analysis, to gain insight into Johrei's mechanisms of action and enable inferences regarding similar cellular-level processes that occur in humans.

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Curación Mental , Proyectos de Investigación , Humanos , Semillas

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is associated with bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and germplasm growth inhibition in in vitro conservation. We evaluated the effects of ABA in four wild Manihot accessions and one cassava accession (M. esculenta Crantz) to refine in vitro conservation methods for these species. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory for Tissue Culture from Embrapa, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, Brazil. The statistical design was completely random in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme [(5 ABA dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg L-1) and 5 Manihot species (M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, M. flabellifolia, M. chlorosticta, and M. esculenta)], with 15 replicates. Mini-cuttings of 1 cm were used, each inoculated in 10 mL of modified Murashige and Skoog medium, solidified with Phytagel® (2.4 g L-1) containing the respective ABA dosages. Tubes containing these mini-cuttings were placed in a germplasm conservation room with an irradiance of 30 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 22 ± 1°C, and photoperiod of 12 hours. Plant height (cm), the number of living and senescent leaves, shoots, and mini-cuttings (1 cm), and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots (mg) were evaluated after 150 days. Growth reduction was prominent in M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, and M. flabellifolia during the in vitro conservation period. In the present study, the addition of ABA did not promote the expected re

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is associated with bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and germplasm growth inhibition in in vitro conservation. We evaluated the effects of ABA in four wild Manihot accessions and one cassava accession (M. esculenta Crantz) to refine in vitro conservation methods for these species. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory for Tissue Culture from Embrapa, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, Brazil. The statistical design was completely random in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme [(5 ABA dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg L-1) and 5 Manihot species (M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, M. flabellifolia, M. chlorosticta, and M. esculenta)], with 15 replicates. Mini-cuttings of 1 cm were used, each inoculated in 10 mL of modified Murashige and Skoog medium, solidified with Phytagel® (2.4 g L-1) containing the respective ABA dosages. Tubes containing these mini-cuttings were placed in a germplasm conservation room with an irradiance of 30 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 22 ± 1°C, and photoperiod of 12 hours. Plant height (cm), the number of living and senescent leaves, shoots, and mini-cuttings (1 cm), and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots (mg) were evaluated after 150 days. Growth reduction was prominent in M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, and M. flabellifolia during the in vitro conservation period. In the present study, the addition of ABA did not promote the expected re

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of intra-articular injection of glucocorticoid (GC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on pain and disability caused by hip osteoarthritis (HO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out within MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, using the keywords (MeSH words): "hip osteoarthritis", "glucocorticoid", "corticosteroid", "corticoid", "hyaluronic acid" and "viscosupplementation". Two independent authors applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting randomized clinical trials with direct comparison between intra-articular injection of GC and HA in patients with HO. RESULTS: 157 articles were found in the initial search. After applying the exclusion criteria, 36 articles were read, with final selection of 3 randomized clinical trials (n = 484). Two studies compared the administration of these products with placebo (saline) - and one also compared it with a fourth group of patients undergoing only physical therapy. Qvistgaard et al. demonstrated clinical superiority of GC (moderate clinical benefit) and HA (marginal clinical benefit) in pain, at 4 weeks, both compared to placebo; however, there was no statistically significant difference between GC and HA during the 12-week follow-up. Atchia et al. reported a statistically significant improvement in pain and function in patients treated with GC during 8 weeks. Spitzer et al. demonstrated an overall clinical response in patients in both groups throughout the study, with a faster response for those treated with GC. However, the authors highlight the superiority in all outcome measures of HA compared to GC in cases of moderate HO, at 26 weeks. DISCUSSION: Few studies directly compare the clinical effect between intra-articular injections of GC and HA in HO, showing heterogeneity in the type of population, number of administrations, formulation of HA and follow-up period. The analyzed studies had a short follow-up time. The results obtained seem to demonstrate a superiority of GC compared to HA in managing pain, namely in the speed of clinical response. However, Spitzer et al. demonstrated an overall superiority of HA in patients with moderate HO, which suggests that optimal selection of patients remains to be defined.

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Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificación , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/tratamiento farmacológico , Viscosuplementos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarticulares

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Influenza A virus infection has rarely been documented to cause viremia. In 28 blood donations in Brazil that were deferred because of postdonation information, we identified influenza A(H3N2) virus RNA in 1 donation using metagenomic analysis. Our finding implies theoretical risk for viremia and transfusion transmission.

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Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae , Brasil , Humanos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , ARN

RESUMEN

Catfishes of the family Astroblepidae form a group composed by 82 valid species of the genus Astroblepus inhabiting high-gradient streams and rivers throughout tropical portions of the Andean Cordillera. Little has been advanced in the systematics and biodiversity of astroblepids other than an unpublished thesis, a single regional multilocus study and isolated species descriptions. Here, we examined 208 specimens of Astroblepus that apparently belong to 16 valid species from several piedmont rivers from northern Colombia to southern Peru. Using three single-locus approaches for species delimitation in combination with a species tree analysis estimated from three mitochondrial genes, we identified a total of 25 well-delimited lineages including eight valid and 17 potential undescribed species distributed in two monophyletic groups: the Central Andes Clade, which contains 14 lineages from piedmont rivers of the Peruvian Amazon, and the Northern Andes Clade with 11 lineages from trans- and cis-Andean rivers of Colombia and Ecuador, including the Orinoco, Amazon, and Magdalena-Cauca basins and Pacific coastal drainages. Results of species delimitation methods highlight several taxonomical incongruences in recently described species denoting potential synonymies.(AU)

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Los bagres de la familia Astroblepidae son un grupo compuesto por 82 especies válidas del género Astroblepus que habitan quebradas y ríos de alto gradiente a través de la porcion tropical en la Cordillera de los Andes. Poco se ha avanzado en la sistemática y biodiversidad de los astroblepidos aparte de una tesis no publicada, un único estudio multilocus regional y descripciones aisladas de especies. Aquí, examinamos 208 especímenes de Astroblepus que aparentemente pertenecen a 16 especies válidas provenientes de ríos de pie de monte de la cordillera de los Andes, desde el norte de Colombia hasta el sur de Perú. Utilizando tres metodologías de delimitación de especies para un único locus en combinación con análisis de un árbol de especies a partir de tres genes mitocondriales, identificamos un total de 25 linajes bien definidos que incluyen ocho especies válidas y 17 potenciales especies no descritas distribuidas en dos grupos monofiléticos: un clado de los andes centrales, que contiene 14 especies de los ríos de pie de monte de la Amazonía peruana y un clado de los andes del norte con 11 especies de los ríos trans y cisandinos de Colombia y Ecuador, incluyendo las cuencas del Orinoco, Amazonas y Magdalena-Cauca así como drenajes costeros del Pacífico. Los resultados de los métodos de delimitación de especies destacan varias incongruencias taxonómicas en especies recientemente descritas que denotan posibles sinonimias.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ecosistema Amazónico , Biodiversidad , Bagres , Identidad de Género