RESUMEN
We studied the density of the microvascular network in the pia mater, the tissue perfusion and saturation of the oxygen of sensorimotor cortex of hypertensive rats of different ages. Our investigations shown that the microvascular density in the pia mater was not only decreased, but also was increased. The perfusion of sensorimotor cortex was reduced and tissue saturation was enlarged. By the age of 12 months orienting-exploratory rats behavior became worse significantly in all major indicators of the test «open field¼.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Hipertensión , Microcirculación , Piamadre/irrigación sanguínea , Corteza Sensoriomotora , Factores de Edad , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Animales , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Hipertensión/patología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagen , Microvasos/patología , Imagen de Perfusión/métodos , Ratas , Corteza Sensoriomotora/patología , Corteza Sensoriomotora/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
In this study we investigated microcirculation in the lungs in their in situ physiological location inside the thorax. The study was performed with the use of a system of contact optics. A 'window', 4 × 4 mm in size, was made in thorax tissues and pleura of an anaesthetized rat. The lung collapsed and then was filled with oxygen or hypoxic gas mixture under the pressure of 10-15 cm H(2)O through a tracheostomic canula. This almost excluded the respiratory movements of the lung. Then, the lung was brought in contact with a lens (1.7 mm aperture). We showed that there is a whole system of wide microvessels (20-30 µm in diameter) which run between the alveoli; the finding contradicting the hitherto notion that each alveolus is supplied with blood via the thinnest (5-10 µm in diameter) lung arterioles. The microvessels we visualized surround each alveolus almost from all sides. In this way, each alveolus receives a maximum amount of blood. Such a structure of lung circulation accounts for a substantial blood flow through the lungs (up to 6 l per min in humans) and for a rapid saturation of the blood with oxygen (about 100 ml per second). The alveoli saturate the blood with oxygen and subsequently the microvessels form the lung veins entering the left auricle. The photographs and video films of the alveoli at a high magnification were presented, demonstrate the special features of the structure and circulation in the alveoli. The plausible mechanisms of rapid saturation of the blood with oxygen are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Microcirculación/fisiología , Alveolos Pulmonares/irrigación sanguínea , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Animales , Microvasos/fisiología , Oxígeno/sangre , RatasRESUMEN
The detection rate and clinical and diagnostic values of L-forms of pathogens were determined in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Simultaneous culturing the specimens for typical and L forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) increased the number of positive results by isolating only L-forms by 10.3% in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and by 27.7% in those with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. No bacterial isolation in tests only for typical forms of MBT is shown not to be true and a purposeful search for L-forms of MBT enhances the efficiency of a bacteriological test. This is of great significance in confirming the specific nature of the disease, its progression, in choosing a treatment policy, in evaluating is efficiency, in defining prognosis, and in correcting preventive measures in the focus of tuberculous infection. With extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the tuberculous nature of isolated L-forms has been evidenced by the polymerase chain reaction.
Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Femeninos/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Femeninos/epidemiología , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Femeninos/microbiología , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/microbiología , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Masculinos/epidemiología , Tuberculosis de los Genitales Masculinos/microbiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Clorofluorocarburos de Metano , Animales , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Clorofluorocarburos de Etano , Femenino , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Higiene/normas , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Ratones , Embarazo , RatasAsunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Aromatizantes , Salicilatos , Animales , Sangre/efectos de los fármacos , Cobayas , Higiene/normas , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Sistema Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , RatasRESUMEN
Terpinyl acetate is slightly toxic for animals and slightly accumulates in the body. Chronic inhalation causes changes of the CNS, blood, liver. MAC in working zone is 10 mg/m3 (3d class of danger).
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Perfumes/toxicidad , Terpenos/toxicidad , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Sangre/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Femenino , Higiene/normas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inducido químicamente , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Conducta Sexual Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Lugar de TrabajoRESUMEN
Toxic properties of acetopropyl alcohol were studied. Symptoms of CNS damages predominated in toxicodynamics. A maximal single concentration is 0.2 mg/m3 (4th class of danger).