RESUMEN

Cervical cancer is associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) and nowadays is the fourth most frequent cancer among women. One of the treatments for this disease is based on the application of imiquimod. In this study, we postulated that the use of imiquimod in nanoemulsion results in a better antitumoral effect than the drug administered in its nonencapsulated form for the treatment of cervical cancer. Permeability studies using vaginal mucosa, as membrane, and in vitro studies involving cervical cancer cells (viability, clonogenic assay, and cell death analysis) were performed. We showed that low amount of encapsulated imiquimod permeated the vaginal mucosa. However, a higher percentage of cells died after the treatment with low amount (3.0 µmol L-1) of the formulation compared to the free drug. In addition, the innovative formulation presented a combinatory mechanism of cell death involving autophagy and apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the imiquimod-loaded nanoemulsioncan be an alternative product for the treatment of cervical cancer validating the hypothesis.

Asunto(s)

Imiquimod/administración & dosificación , Papillomaviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Composición de Medicamentos , Emulsiones , Femenino , Humanos , Nanopartículas , Porcinos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología

RESUMEN

A procedure for light and heavy crude oils digestion by microwave-induced combustion (MIC) is proposed for the first time for further rare earth elements (REE) determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipped with an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN). Samples of crude oil (API density of 10.8-23.5, up to 250 mg) were inserted in polycarbonate capsules and combusted using 20 bar of oxygen and 50 µL of 6 mol L(-1) ammonium nitrate as igniter. Nitric acid solutions (1-14.4 mol L(-1)) were evaluated for analyte absorption and a reflux step was applied after combustion (5 min of microwave irradiation at 1400 W) in order to achieve better analyte recoveries. Accuracy was evaluated using a spiked sample and also by comparison of results obtained by microwave-assisted digestion combined to ultraviolet radiation (MW-UV) and by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Using 3 mol L(-1) HNO3, quantitative recoveries (better than 97%) were obtained for all analytes. Blank values were always negligible. Agreement was higher than 96% for La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y by comparison of results with those obtained by MW-UV and by NAA (only for La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Yb). Residual carbon content in digests using MIC was always below 1%. As an advantage over conventional procedures for crude oil digestion, using MIC, it was possible to use diluted acid as absorbing solution, obtaining better limits of detection and avoiding interferences in REE determination by USN-ICP-MS.

RESUMEN

The advantages and shortcomings of focused microwave-induced combustion (FMIC) for digestion of plant samples were studied. The effects of sample mass, absorbing solution, oxygen gas flow-rate, and time of reflux step on recoveries of major, minor and trace metals were systematically evaluated. Afterwards, Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The main advantages of FMIC when compared to microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) and focused-microwave-assisted wet digestion (FMAWD) are the possibility to digest larger masses of samples (up to 3g) using shorter heating times and diluted nitric acid solution for absorbing all analytes. Using the selected experimental conditions for FMIC, residual carbon content was lower than 0.7% for all samples and relative standard deviation (RSD) varied from 1.5 to 14.1%. Certified reference materials (NIST 1515 apple leaves and NIST 1547 peach leaves) were used for checking accuracy and determined values for all metals were in agreement with certified values at a 95% confidence level. No statistical difference (ANOVA, 95% of confidence level) was observed for results obtained by FMIC, FMAWD, and MAWD. Limits of detection were lower when using FMIC in the range of 0.02-0.15 µg g(-1) for ICP OES and 0.001-0.01 µg g(-1) for ICP-MS, which were about 3 and 6 times lower than the values obtained by FMAWD and MAWD, respectively. It is important to point out that FMIC was a suitable sample preparation method for major, minor and trace metals by both determination techniques (ICP OES and ICP-MS). Additionally, since it allows lower LODs (because up to 3g of sample can be digested) and diluted acid solutions are used (without any further dilution), the use of ICP-MS is not mandatory.

Asunto(s)

Metales/análisis , Plantas/química , Carbono/química , Calor , Límite de Detección , Espectrometría de Masas , Microondas , Ácido Nítrico/química , Oxígeno/química , Espectrofotometría Atómica

RESUMEN

We extend previous studies on transport through ballistic chaotic cavities with spatial left-right (LR) reflection symmetry to include the presence of direct processes. We first analyze fully LR-symmetric systems in the presence of direct processes and compare the distribution w(T) of the transmission coefficient T with that for an asymmetric cavity with the same "optical" S matrix. We then study the problem of "external mixing" of the symmetry caused by an asymmetric coupling of the cavity to the outside. We first consider the case where symmetry breaking arises because two symmetrically positioned waveguides are coupled to the cavity by means of asymmetric tunnel barriers. Although this system is asymmetric with respect to the LR operation, there is an effect of the symmetry of the cavity it was constructed from. Second, we break LR symmetry in the absence of direct processes by asymmetrically positioning the two waveguides and compare the results with those for the completely asymmetric case.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To determine visual field defects in a cohort of children with congenital glaucoma. METHODS: Monocular visual fields were measured in 24 meridians for targets V4e, I4e, I2e, and I1e, using a Goldmann perimeter in a group of 13 children between the ages of 4 and 14 years with congenital glaucoma and 10 age-matched healthy children. Localized visual field defects (eg, paracentral scotoma, nasal step, and arcuate scotoma) were determined by abnormal findings or shape of the eye in at least one of each of the targets presented. RESULTS: Visual field extent for target 12e was significantly constricted for unilateral and bilateral cases of congenital glaucoma when compared with control eyes. A post-hoc procedure (Tukey Test) showed significant differences between unilateral cases and normal control eyes, and between bilateral cases (best outcome eye) and normal control eyes. Stimuli V4e and 14e results were comparable for patients and normals. Stimulus I1e showed significantly different total extent visual field for bilateral and normal controls. Specific visual field defects were found only in bilateral cases. Paracentral scotoma was found in 1 of 12 eyes with bilateral congenital glaucoma. Nasal steps were found in 6 of 12 eyes with bilateral congenital glaucoma. Arcuate scotoma were found in 4 of 12 eyes with bilateral congenital glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Localized visual fields were found in 37.5% of eyes with congenital glaucoma. Early treatment for congenital glaucoma provided better visual field outcome.

Asunto(s)

Glaucoma/congénito , Escotoma/fisiopatología , Campos Visuales , Adolescente , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/anomalías , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Glaucoma/complicaciones , Glaucoma/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Escotoma/etiología , Visión Monocular/fisiología , Pruebas del Campo Visual , Campos Visuales/fisiología

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of keratometric measurements on the concordance of intraocular pressure (IOP) readings with three applanation tonometers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The IOPs of 404 eyes of 202 patients from a general eye clinic were measured by Goldmann, Tono-Pen XL, and noncontact Nidek NT 2000 tonometers. Differences in the IOP measurements between Goldmann and the other two tonometers (deltaIOPG-TP and deltaIOPG-NCT) were analyzed in the overall group and within three subgroups based on keratometry measures: flatter, intermediate, and steeper corneas (quartiles as cut-off points). Regression analysis of deltaIOP and keratometry measures was also performed. Right and left eyes were analyzed separately. RESULTS: The IOP readings taken with the Goldmann tonometer were significantly higher than those taken with either of the other two tonometers within the overall study population. The deltaIOP within the three keratometric subgroups was not statistically significant except for deltaIOPG-TP in the right eyes. Regression analysis showed that keratometry and deltaIOPG-TP and deltaIOPG-NCT had a significant but very weak coefficient of correlation in the right eye, but not in the left. CONCLUSION: Corneal curvature within the normal range does not have a clinically significant influence on the concordance of IOP readings obtained with Goldmann and Tono-Pen or noncontact tonometers.

Asunto(s)

Córnea/anatomía & histología , Presión Intraocular , Tonometría Ocular/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tonometría Ocular/instrumentación

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose was to analyze clinical manifestations, hormonal changes, diagnosis difficulties and treatment of pituitary apoplexy (PA). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A retrospective study of clinical records from patients with pituitary adenomas admitted from January 1980 to June 1996; the purpose was to identify the patients with clinical evidence compatible with PA. SETTING: Neurosurgery unit of an institutional hospital. PATIENTS: Sixteen (12.8%) of 125 patients with pituitary adenomas were analyzed because they had pituitary apoplexy. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical treatment by the trans-sphenoidal or transcranial route or both routes; dexamethasone (DXM) treatment with 16 mg/day i.v. MEASURES: Hormone assays were performed either by radioimmunoassay or by chemical luminescence. RESULTS: Tumors were nonfunctioning in nine patients and functioning in seven. TSH and prolactin basal serum levels were impaired in 55.5% and 10%, respectively; after exogenous TRH 80% of the patients did not show stimulation of TSH and prolactin secretions. LH and FSH levels were low in 63.6% and 54.6% of the patients, respectively; gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) testing was abnormal in 75% of the patients evaluated. Cortisol levels were low in 50% of the patients. After insulin-induced hypoglycemia, cortisol and GH failed to rise in 25% and 40% of cases, respectively. Ten patients were submitted to surgical treatment, but none during PA. The average time from the onset of apoplectic symptoms and surgery was 70+/-50 days. Only one patient died two months after surgery. Five patients were treated with dexamethasone (DXM) during the apoplectic symptoms: three patients died; one patient had good quality of life; the other patient was treated initially with DXM with improvement of vision, but after surgery he developed panhypopituirarism. Two other patients did not receive specific treatment for PA. CONCLUSIONS: PA is not a rare pituitary adenoma complication and its prognosis may be poor; baseline hormone levels showed a wide range of abnormalities of pituitary function; surgical treatment was required in the majority of patients and the prognosis was relatively good; on the contrary, the treatment with DXM only had high levels of mortality.

Asunto(s)

Hormonas/sangre , Apoplejia Hipofisaria/diagnóstico , Adenoma/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apoplejia Hipofisaria/fisiopatología , Apoplejia Hipofisaria/terapia , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/complicaciones , Prolactinoma/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tirotropina/sangre , Hormona Liberadora de Tirotropina/sangre

RESUMEN

The arterious venous oxygen difference (AVDO2) due to the close relationship with cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral blood flow shows metabolic alterations that occur in some pathological situations in the brain including subarachnoid haemorrhage. The AVDO2 was calculated by the Fick equation and the results evaluated by the Glasgow outcome scale. Measurements of arteriojugular oxygen difference were carried out in 30 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms, as an attempt to monitor the relationship between changes in AVDO2, clinical picture, and evolution of the patients. The subarachnoid haemorrhage was diagnosed by CT scan in 17 patients and by lumbar punction in 13 and the diagnosis of arterial vasospasm was carried out by clinical evaluation and confirmed by four vessels angiogram in only eight patients. Eighteen patients were admitted with Hunt & Hess (H&H) I/II, seven with H&H III and five with H&H IV/V. Nineteen patients had AVDO2 normal and this group had three deaths; five patients had AVDO2 continuously low with three deaths; and six patients had AVDO2 continuously high with two deaths. The patients with normal AVDO2 had better prognosis and clinical evolution than the patients with abnormal values of AVDO2. In conclusion, AVDO2 measurements could not be correlated with the diagnosis of vasospasm, but was useful in the early identification of metabolic changes that occur after subarachnoid haemorrhage and could be used as an supplementary monitoring in the clinical evaluation of patients with this pathology.

Asunto(s)

Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/etiología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/metabolismo , Adulto , Femenino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Pronóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/mortalidad

RESUMEN

No differences were observed between cattle and Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in terms of temperature, viraemia or virus replication in the pharyngeal area, during the acute phase of foot-and-mouth disease. Like cattle, the Indian buffalo became infected and excreted virus before any clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease developed. The disease was transmitted from cattle to buffalo and vice versa, during the acute stage of infection, as if the animals had been of the same species, presumably because of their close phylogenetic relationship. There were more tongue lesions in the cattle than in the buffalo. Foot lesions in the buffalo at first had a scaley appearance, but later became vesicular. Anti-virus infection associated antigen and neutralising antibodies were synthesised at the same time in both species and reached similar titres in the same period. Persistent infection in the buffalo during the first 35 days after infection was similar to that in the cattle.

Asunto(s)

Aphthovirus/fisiología , Búfalos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/transmisión , Fiebre Aftosa/transmisión , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Aphthovirus/inmunología , Aphthovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/fisiopatología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Pie/patología , Pie/virología , Fiebre Aftosa/patología , Fiebre Aftosa/fisiopatología , Faringe/patología , Faringe/virología , Lengua/patología , Lengua/virología , Replicación Viral/fisiología

RESUMEN

We report a series of 110 patients with acute traumatic subdural hematoma (ASDH) admitted at HBDF emergency within 1994 (January 1st to December 1st). All patients were treated according to the same protocol. There was a predominance of males (79%), with ages ranging from 14 to 70, being car accidents (20%) and car-pedestrian accidents (34%) the most frequent causes. The majority of patients (85.7%) was admitted in very serious condition, with a score of 8 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or lesser, which directly influenced the mortality rates. CT scan was the diagnostic procedure of choice, and it showed contusion and brain swelling to be the most frequent associated intracranial lesions. Surgery was carried out in 45.1% of cases and, in most instances, through an ample fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomy, with hematoma drainage and dural reconstitution. In 54.9% of cases, clinical conditions did not allow surgery and in this group, 69.6%.

Asunto(s)

Hematoma Subdural/mortalidad , Accidentes , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Traumatismos Cerrados de la Cabeza/complicaciones , Hematoma Subdural/etiología , Hematoma Subdural/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

RESUMEN

A case of chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) arising from the 5th right costovertebral junction and spreading into spinal canal causing spinal cord compression is presented. A myelotomography revealed a complete block at T5 level. The patient underwent a decompressive laminectomy with removal of an epidural tumor. This specimen was sent for pathological examination and interpreted as a CMF. The patient had a neurological improvement, post operative MRI revealed a spinal cord free of compression, and we decided on the follow up of the case. Two years later there was recurrence of the tumor. A posterolateral access by costotransversectomy was made and the lesion was resected. The patient had a neurological improvement which persists on the follow up (two years, at present). Clinical, radiologic and histologic findings, surgical management and recurrence are discussed. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Asunto(s)

Condroblastoma/complicaciones , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Adulto , Condroblastoma/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Laminectomía , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/cirugía

RESUMEN

Genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus O1 Campos has been analyzed in consecutive isolates recovered over a one- or two-year period from four cattle with experimental persistent infection. Comparisons of RNase T1 two-dimensional maps and nucleotide sequences of the VP1-coding region revealed a continual, although irregular, increase in the fixation of mutations as the infection progressed. Most changes were not conserved in consecutive isolates. These results, together with the substantial rates of genomic variation observed between some pairs of strains recovered at close time periods, suggested the coexistence of heterogeneous populations in which variants evolve independently from each other, and predominate at irregular time intervals. Furthermore, non-related patterns of variation were observed in the four animals. Similarly, genetic diversity of representative strains from major serotype O outbreaks in endemic disease regions of southeastern Brazil and central eastern Argentina which occurred between 1958 and 1983, suggested that outbreak strains are also likely to represent fluctuations of heterogeneous populations which evolve independently from each other. The possible role of persistent infections in the introduction of variant populations in the field is discussed.

Asunto(s)

Aphthovirus/genética , Cápside/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Fiebre Aftosa/virología , Genoma Viral , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Aphthovirus/inmunología , Aphthovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Proteínas de la Cápside , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedad Crónica , Fiebre Aftosa/inmunología , Variación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia , Vacunación

RESUMEN

A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay, capable of detecting aphthovirus-specific antibodies to replicating virus in sera from cattle with persistent infection, was developed. The assay uses a set of purified recombinant DNA-derived nonstructural viral antigens as serologic probes in lieu of the traditionally used virus infection-associated antigen(s) partially purified from baby hamster kidney-infected cells. Sera from cattle with experimentally induced aphthovirus infection were analyzed sequentially by EITB at various postinoculation days, and the results were compared with those obtained by currently used techniques. It was established that, in all cases, EITB results remained positive at late stages of infection. At these times, results of virus infection-associated antigen-antibody determinations were negative by use of the conventional immunodiffusion in agarose gel test, and virus was recovered only occasionally from esophageal-pharyngeal fluid. Specificity of the EITB test was indicated by negative results for sera from cattle in aphthovirus-free areas, including samples from cattle infected with a variety of bovine viruses. Moreover, the test eliminated a substantial number of false-positive results (on the basis of the immunodiffusion in agarose gel assay) caused by reactivity of sera from vaccinated cattle. Use of additional nonstructural viral antigens, other than RNA polymerase, is proposed to differentiate between seropositivity resulting from vaccination or infection. This procedure may be considered to have potential applications as a sensitive, safe, rapid, and economic field test for specific diagnosis of persistent aphthovirus infection in affected animals.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Aphthovirus/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Fiebre Aftosa/diagnóstico , Immunoblotting/veterinaria , Animales , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Aphthovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Immunoblotting/métodos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas/veterinaria , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Vacunación/veterinaria , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/inmunología

RESUMEN

O hospital de base é o centro de referência do Sistema Médico de Brasília e recebe pacientes admitidos nos Hospitais Regionais do DF, atendendo a uma populaçäo estimada na ocasiäo em torno de 1,5 milhöes de habitantes. Durante o ano de 1985, 159 pacientes foram admitidos com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Desse total de pacientes, 60,58% tiveram como causa determinante a rotura de um aneurisma intracraniano. Levando-se em conta as características da organizaçao do Sistema de Saude de Brasília, esse número significa que aproximadamente 5,5 pacientes por 100.000 habitantes por ano säo admitidos com rotura de aneurisma intracraniano em Brasília

Asunto(s)

Aneurisma Intracraneal/epidemiología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea , Hemorragia Cerebral , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Sistemas de Salud

RESUMEN

The efficacy of topical 1% apraclonidine in controlling early postoperative IOP rise after cataract extraction was evaluated. Topical 1% apraclonidine was applied to 20 patients who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior intraocular lens implantation. On another 20 patients, who acted as control group a placebo (artificial tears) was given. The IOP was measured before preoperative medication and postoperatively at 6, 12 and 24 h, using the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer. In the control group, 9 patients (45%) developed intraocular hypertension and in the treated group only 2 (10%) showed hypertension, but with short duration and a moderate IOP rise. The difference in frequency of intraocular hypertension between the groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.02). The statistical analysis showed that the postoperative IOP of operated treated eyes was significantly smaller than the IOP of operated control eyes. Furthermore, the postoperative IOP and the initial IOP did not differ statistically. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of topical apraclonidine 1% in controlling the early and transient intraocular hypertension following cataract extraction.

Asunto(s)

Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/uso terapéutico , Extracción de Catarata/efectos adversos , Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Hipertensión Ocular/prevención & control , Clonidina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Lentes Intraoculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipertensión Ocular/fisiopatología , Soluciones Oftálmicas

RESUMEN

O Hospital de Base e o centro de referencia do Sistema Medico de Brasilia e recebe pacientes admitidos nos Hospitais Regionais do DF, atendendo a uma populacao estimada na ocasiao em torno de 1,5 milhoes de habitantes. Durante o ano de 1985, 159 pacientes foram admitidos com diagnostico de acidente vascular cerebral hemorragico. Desse total de pacientes, 60,58 por cento tiveram como causa determinante a rotura de um aneurisma intracraniano. Levando-se em conta as caracteristicas da organizacao do Sistema de Saude de Brasilia, esse numero significa que aproximadamente 5,5 pacientes por 100.000 habitantes por ano sao admitidos com rotura de aneurisma intracraniano em Brasilia.

Asunto(s)

Hemorragia Subaracnoidea , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares , Hemorragia Cerebral , Sistemas de Salud , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares , Hemorragia Cerebral , Sistemas de Salud

RESUMEN

A plasmid has been constructed containing the DNA sequences that direct the expression of the aphthovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (virus infection-associated antigen, VIAA) in its native form. The aphthovirus polypeptide was designed to contain only a single additional amino acid, the N-terminal methionine. The recombinant protein has been purified and used in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blots to detect aphthovirus-specific antibodies in the sera of persistently infected animals. Furthermore, studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that antibodies against other nonstructural antigens appear in the sera of these animals. It was established that antibodies against polypeptides 3A and 3B can serve as complementary markers for late aphthovirus-carrier state detection. The considerable potential of this approach to detect aphthovirus-specific antibodies, when the isolation of infectious virus is not possible, was demonstrated. Negative results were obtained in animals from virus-free areas and in vaccinated cattle. This assay has the added advantage that no infectious or noninfectious virus is involved during antigen production.

Asunto(s)

Aphthovirus/genética , Fiebre Aftosa/diagnóstico , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Antígenos Virales/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Cápside/inmunología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Clonación Molecular , Escherichia coli , Fiebre Aftosa/enzimología , Expresión Génica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oligonucleótidos/química , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas del Núcleo Viral/inmunología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales

RESUMEN

A set of antisera specific for each viral polypeptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus was used to provide a full comparison of polypeptides of two strains attenuated for cattle with respect to their parental virulent strains. Both attenuated strains, belonging to serotypes O1 Campos and C3 Resende, were obtained through serial passages of the corresponding virulent strains in chicken embryos. Although mutations were scattered throughout the genome, both attenuated strains showed an electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral polypeptide 3A faster than that of their respective wild-type strains. To determine the nature of this alteration, the nucleotide sequences of the genomic region encoding this polypeptide were determined. Comparative sequence analysis of wild-type and attenuated strains revealed 57 and 60 nucleotide deletions in the attenuated strains O1 Campos and C3 Resende, respectively. These studies, in conjunction with our previous analysis of recombinant viruses between wild-type and attenuated strains, which concluded that the major determinants of attenuation are located in the 3' half of the viral genome, strongly suggest that the alteration in polypeptide 3A of the attenuated strains is important for their reduced virulence in cattle.

Asunto(s)

Aphthovirus/genética , Péptidos/genética , Animales , Aphthovirus/inmunología , Aphthovirus/patogenicidad , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Deleción Cromosómica , Genes Virales , Sueros Inmunes , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Péptidos/análisis , Vacunas Atenuadas , Virulencia

RESUMEN

Two aphthovirus intertypic recombinants between the virulent strain A Venceslau and guanidine-resistant attenuated mutants of either strain C3 Resende or O1 Campos were obtained in an attempt to establish the region(s) of the viral genome responsible for attenuation in cattle. Recombinants that inherited the 3' half of the genome from either attenuated parent and the 5' half from the virulent strain were selected and analyzed with respect to their ability to grow in cells of bovine origin and for their virulence in cattle. The results obtained support our previous conclusion, derived from studies with homotypic recombinants between attenuated aphthovirus type O1 and its original virulent strain, that the host range restriction phenotype for fetal bovine kidney cells of the attenuated strain is inherited from the 3' half of the genome. For the intertypic recombinants, however, this restriction is enhanced, presumably by the presence of a heterologous 5' half of the genomic region. In addition, we demonstrate that the results in vitro correlate with those of virulence tests in cattle.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Picornaviridae/patogenicidad , Recombinación Genética , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Masculino , Fenotipo , Picornaviridae/genética , Picornaviridae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/microbiología , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Proteínas Virales/análisis , Virulencia

RESUMEN

Os autores apresentam a experiencia obtida com mielotomia pelo metodo de Bischof, em 7 pacientes com lesao medular traumatica (4 em nivel cervical e 3 em nivel dorsal).Os criterios de indicacao levaram em conta a presenca de deficit motor importante associado a espasticidade deformante, automatismo severo e resposta medicamentosa inadequada. Logo apos a mielotomia todos os pacientes apresentaram reducao importante da espasticidade e do automatismo.Ulteriormente houve acentuacao da espasticidade que permaneceu sempre menos intensa que a pre-operatoria.A mielotomia foi considerada util no processo de reabilitacao dos pacientes

Asunto(s)

Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Espasticidad Muscular , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Rehabilitación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos