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Objective@#To investigate the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the biology of glioma U87MG and U251 cells.@*Methods@#Silencing MIF gene expression in U87MG cells by RNA interference was monitored by Western blot. MIF low expressing U251 cells were treated at different concentrations of recombinant human MIF (rhMIF) and scratching test and flow cytometry were used to detect cell migration and apoptosis. The protein expression of bcl-2, bax, AKT, p-AKT was detected by Western blot.@*Results@#The ability of migration and anti-apoptosis of U87MG cells silenced by siRNA decreased significantly, and the expression levels of p-AKT and anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 also decreased; in contrast, the expression level of apoptosis protein bax increased. With increase of rhMIF treatment concentration, the expression levels of MIF protein, p-AKT and bcl-2 in U251 cells were gradually enhanced, whereas the level of apoptosis protein bax was inhibited.@*Conclusion@#MIF promotes cell migration and inhibits apoptosis of both U87MG and U251 cells, likely through the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in obese women with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of obese women without. Outcomes of interest were pre-eclampsia, IUGR, intrauterine fetal demise, large for gestational age, postpartum hemorrhage, failed induction of labor, cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186,605 obese women with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) women had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of IUGR (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p < 0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in obese women with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of IUGR. It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.