RESUMEN
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates effects of cortisol in relation to adaptation to stress. In the brain, GR affects the hippocampus to modulate memory processes through direct binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the DNA. However, its effects are to a high degree cell specific, and its target genes in different cell types as well as the mechanisms conferring this specificity are largely unknown. To gain insight in hippocampal GR signaling, we characterized to which GRE GR binds in the rat hippocampus. Using a position-specific scoring matrix, we identified evolutionary-conserved putative GREs from a microarray based set of hippocampal target genes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we were able to confirm GR binding to 15 out of a selection of 32 predicted sites (47%). The majority of these 15 GREs are previously undescribed and thus represent novel GREs that bind GR and therefore may be functional in the rat hippocampus. GRE nucleotide composition was not predictive for binding of GR to a GRE. A search for conserved flanking sequences that may predict GR-GRE interaction resulted in the identification of GC-box associated motifs, such as Myc-associated zinc finger protein 1, within 2 kb of GREs with GR binding in the hippocampus. This enrichment was not present around nonbinding GRE sequences nor around proven GR-binding sites from a mesenchymal stem-like cell dataset that we analyzed. GC-binding transcription factors therefore may be unique partners for DNA-bound GR and may in part explain cell-specific transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids in the context of the hippocampus.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Elementos de Respuesta/fisiología , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Animales , Evolución Molecular , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/análisis , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismoRESUMEN
The venous muscle pump function was quantitatively assessed through pregnancy weeks 16, 30, 38 and 3 months (week 53) following delivery, in 24 pregnant women who completed a normal pregnancy. A statistically significant increase was found in the mean venous reflux (P less than 0.01), which was restored to initial values postpartum. Expelled calf volume remained stable throughout pregnancy but increased following delivery. Venous outflow from the legs was significantly reduced in the third trimester. Subjective symptoms of venous insufficiency increased through pregnancy, but, these symptoms had virtually disappeared post partum, corresponding to the muscle pump normalization. No statistical correlation was found between venous muscle pump values and changes in hormone concentrations of estradiol, estriol and progesterone. It is suggested that venous insufficiency development in pregnancy is caused primarily by mechanical obstruction, or hormonal influence other than that of estradiol, estriol or progesterone. 17% (4.7-37%) of the women with a normal pregnancy developed a pathological venous muscle pump function.
Asunto(s)
Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Embarazo/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiología , Pletismografía , Complicaciones del Embarazo/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Venas/fisiología , Insuficiencia Venosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
From 170 pregnant women, cervico-vaginal secretion, serum and amnion fluid were collected to determine concentrations of herpes simplex virus (HSV) IgA in different risk groups. We found a higher concentration of HSV IgA in cervicovaginal secretions in women with positive cultures, compared with women with negative cultures. Women with a prior history of genital HSV infections also had higher levels of HSV-IgA in cervico-vaginal secretions, compared with those with no HSV history, but the differences were not statistically significant. The concentrations of HSV IgA in cervico-vaginal secretions were not correlated to any other risk group defined in the study. An asymptomatic mother with no previous history of genital HSV infection, but belonging to the risk groups gave birth to an infant who developed neonatal herpes on the 4th day of life. Women at risk for viral shedding during gestation and at the time of delivery cannot be identified solely on the basis of grouping into risk groups and/or on concentration of HSV IgA in cervico-vaginal secretion.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Herpes Genital/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A/análisis , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Amnios/inmunología , Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Cuello del Útero/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Recién Nacido , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Embarazo , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Vagina/inmunología , Vagina/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Fenindiona/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/prevención & control , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tromboflebitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tromboflebitis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
A case of low atresia of the ileum, diagnosed prenatally by real-time ultrasound scanning, is presented. The ultrasound examination showed progressive distension of intestinal loops, with strong peristaltic movements. The stomach was also distended, presenting as a large cystic area in the upper left abdomen. Real-time ultrasound technique is most advantageous in the diagnosis of fetal ileus. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal obstruction is of great importance, making early and safe treatment of the newborn possible.