RESUMEN
Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-ß-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Onicomicosis , Voriconazol , Candida albicans , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-ß-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.
A onicomicose é a doença mais comum que afeta a unidade ungueal e representa pelo menos 50% de todas as doenças ungueais. Além disso, a Candida albicans é responsável por aproximadamente 70% das onicomicoses causadas por leveduras. Nesse estudo, foi investigado o efeito antifúngico dos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal, bem como seu mecanismo de ação preditivo sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses resistentes ao voriconazol. Para este propósito, foram aplicadas técnicas in vitro de microdiluição em caldo e docking molecular de forma preditiva e complementar para os mecanismos de ação. Os principais resultados deste estudo indicam que C. albicans foi resistente ao voriconazol e sensível aos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal na dose de 256 e 32 µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, houve aumento da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos enantiômeros na presença do sorbitol e do ergosterol, indicando que estas moléculas possivelmente afetem a integridade da parede e da membrana celular de C. albicans. O docking molecular com proteínas chave da biossíntese e manutenção da parede celular e da membrana plasmática fúngica, demonstraram a possibilidade do (R) e (S)-citronelal interagir com duas importantes enzimas: 1,3-ß-glucan sintase e lanosterol 14α-demetilase. Portanto, os achados desse estudo indicam que os enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal são fungicidas sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses e provavelmente essas substâncias causem danos a parede e a membrana celular desses microrganismos possivelmente por interagir com as enzimas da biossíntese destas estruturas fúngicas.
Asunto(s)
Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Onicomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Voriconazol/uso terapéutico , AntifúngicosRESUMEN
Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogen in the female genital tract, with 92.3% of cases in Brazil associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Linalool is a monoterpene compound from plants of the genera Cinnamomum, Coriandrum, Lavandula, and Citrus that has demonstrated a fungicidal effect on strains of Candida spp., but its mechanism of action is still unknown. For this purpose, broth microdilution techniques were applied, as well as molecular docking in a predictive manner for this mechanism. The main results of this study indicated that the C. albicans strains analyzed were resistant to fluconazole and sensitive to linalool at a dose of 256 µg/mL. Furthermore, the increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linalool in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol indicated that this molecule possibly affects the cell wall and plasma membrane integrity of C. albicans. Molecular docking of linalool with proteins that are key in the biosynthesis and maintenance of the cell wall and the fungal plasma membrane integrity demonstrated the possibility of linalool interacting with three important enzymes: 1,3-ß-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, and Δ 14-sterol reductase. In silico analysis showed that this monoterpene has theoretical but significant oral bioavailability, low toxic potential, and high similarity to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that linalool probably causes damage to the cell wall and plasma membrane of C. albicans, possibly by interaction with important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures, in addition to presenting low in silico toxic potential.
Asunto(s)
Candida albicans , Fluconazol , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Fluconazol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Monoterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lesion most commonly found in the lower lip of individuals with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to develop and to test a clinical index that can be used to assess the severity of actinic cheilitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical index of actinic cheilitis was applied to 36 patients. An incisional biopsy was obtained to grade oral epithelial dysplasias following the World Health Organization (WHO) and binary systems, and to evaluate their association with clinical characteristics by Fisher's exact test (P<0.05). The accuracy of the index was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operating curve. RESULTS: The blurring between the border of the lip and the skin was significantly associated with cases without dysplasia/mild epithelial dysplasia (P=0.041) and with low risk of malignancy (P=0.005). Ulcers and crusts were significantly associated with moderate/severe epithelial dysplasia (P=0.002 and P=0.012, respectively) and high risk of malignancy (P=0.005 and P=0.045, respectively). Erosion showed a significant association only with high-risk cases of malignancy (P=0.024). The cut-off values of the diagnostic test showing the best performance were 10 for the WHO grading system and 11 for the binary system. CONCLUSIONS: The index cut-offs with the highest accuracy were considered indicators for a biopsy. Erosion, ulceration and crusts were associated with more severe oral epithelial dysplasias.
Asunto(s)
Queilitis , Neoplasias de los Labios , Queilitis/diagnóstico , Queilitis/etiología , Queilitis/patología , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patología , Labio/patología , Neoplasias de los Labios/diagnóstico , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the antral follicle count (AFC) and the ovarian morphology of Bos indicus in different age groups: 12-23 months (G1), 24-35 months (G2), 36-47 months (G3), 48-59 months (G4), and >60 months (G5). Ovaries were collected individually and sent to the laboratory, where we measured AFC, the diameter and weight of the ovaries, dominant follicle (DF, >8mm), corpus luteum (CL), and small follicles (SF, <8mm). AFC were classified as high, intermediate-high, intermediate-low, and low. A group of ovaries was subjected to follicular aspiration to evaluate the morphological quality of the recovered cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). Mean AFC did not vary between ages. The morphological characteristic that was most closely correlated with AFC was the weight of the small follicles. There was no relationship between AFC and the weight and diameter of the DF and CL. Quality of the COCs was superior in ovaries in which the CL was present, but it did not vary between the AFC classes. We conclude that AFC can be performed on a single ovary, regardless of the presence, diameter, and weight of the CL and DF in zebu between 12 and 60 months old.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) e a morfologia ovariana de Bos indicus em diferentes faixas etárias: 12-23 meses (G1), 24-35 meses (G2), 36-47 meses (G3), 48-59 meses (G4) e >60 meses (G5). Os ovários foram coletados individualmente e enviados ao laboratório, onde suas características morfológicas foram medidas: CFA, diâmetro e peso dos ovários, do folículo dominante (FD, ≥8 mm), do corpo lúteo (CL) e dos folículos pequenos (SF, <8 mm). A CFA foi classificada como alta, intermediária-alta, intermediária-baixa e baixa. Um grupo de ovários foi submetido à aspiração folicular para avaliar a qualidade morfológica dos complexos cumulus oócitos (COCs) recuperados. A CFA média não variou entre as idades. A característica morfológica que se correlacionou mais intimamente com a CFA foi o peso dos folículos pequenos. Não houve relação entre a CFA e o peso e o diâmetro do FD e do CL. A qualidade dos COCs foi superior em ovários em que o CL estava presente, mas não variou entre as classes de CFA. Concluiu-se que a CFA pode ser realizada em um único ovário, independentemente da presença, do diâmetro e do peso do CL e do FD em zebuínos entre 12 e 60 meses de vida.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Oocitos , Ovario/anatomía & histología , Cuerpo Lúteo , Folículo OváricoRESUMEN
Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogen in the female genital tract, with 92.3% of cases in Brazil associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Linalool is a monoterpene compound from plants of the genera Cinnamomum, Coriandrum, Lavandula, and Citrus that has demonstrated a fungicidal effect on strains of Candida spp., but its mechanism of action is still unknown. For this purpose, broth microdilution techniques were applied, as well as molecular docking in a predictive manner for this mechanism. The main results of this study indicated that the C. albicans strains analyzed were resistant to fluconazole and sensitive to linalool at a dose of 256 µg/mL. Furthermore, the increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linalool in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol indicated that this molecule possibly affects the cell wall and plasma membrane integrity of C. albicans. Molecular docking of linalool with proteins that are key in the biosynthesis and maintenance of the cell wall and the fungal plasma membrane integrity demonstrated the possibility of linalool interacting with three important enzymes: 1,3-β-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, and Δ 14-sterol reductase. In silico analysis showed that this monoterpene has theoretical but significant oral bioavailability, low toxic potential, and high similarity to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that linalool probably causes damage to the cell wall and plasma membrane of C. albicans, possibly by interaction with important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures, in addition to presenting low in silico toxic potential.
RESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to screen halotolerant Bacillus strains able to promote growth and protect tomato plants against salt stress and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici). METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated some halotolerant strains of Bacillus spp. (Bacillus velezensis (AP-3) and Bacillus spp. (AP-6, AP-85 and AP-100)) to promote growth of tomato plants grown under salinity stress conditions and to protect them against Fusarium wilt disease. Such strains had been previously selected among 154 bacterial strains through biochemical tests (siderophores and indoleacetic acid productions, cellulase and catalase activity, nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization) in the presence of 100-mmol l-1 NaCl. Besides the above-mentioned strains, B. subtilis QST-713 (SerenadeTM ) was also evaluated. Compared to control plants, aboveground dry weight increased in plants inoculated with AP-6, AP-85, AP-3, AP-100 and QST-713 strains developed in the absence of salt stress. The same tendency occurred for root dry weight; however, AP-3 strain was more effective, promoting an increase of 163%, when compared to control. Chlorophyll index and height increased >40 and 53%, respectively, for all Bacillus strains. Saline stress reduced plant growth regardless of the presence of Bacillus. Height, stem diameter, and aboveground and root dry weights increased in plants treated with Bacillus strains grown under saline conditions when compared to control. Bacillus velezensis AP-3 reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt in tomato by 50% when compared to control. CONCLUSION: Halotolerant Bacillus strains controlled tomato Fusarium wilt, increased growth as well as tolerance to salt stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We demonstrated the efficacy of halotolerant Bacillus strains to control Fusarium wilt and improve tomato growth. We also demonstrated that these Bacillus strains protect tomato plants against salt stress. Bacillus can be used in an eco-friendly way because they are considered Generally Recognized As Safe.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus , Fusarium , Solanum lycopersicum , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Estrés SalinoRESUMEN
Dermatophytoses are infections that affect keratinized tissues. Their main etiologic agents are fungi of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. The emergence of resistant fungi and the clinical relevance of dermatophytosis have encouraged studies that aim to increase the arsenal of drugs or act on mechanisms that confer multiple drug resistance. This study investigated the modulating activity of terbinafine promoted by dihydrojasmone and terpinolene against Microsporum canis LM 216, Trichophyton interdigitale H6 and T. interdigitale Δmdr2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of test drugs was determined by broth microdilution. The effect of the drugs tested on plasma membrane functionality was analysed. Terbinafine MIC was determined in sub-inhibitory concentrations of monoterpenes. Finally, it was performed an association study with terbinafine and monoterpenes. Dihydrojasmone presented lower MIC values than terpinolene. All fungi were sensitive to terbinafine, starting at 1 µg ml-1 . All tested drugs increased K+ release (P < 0·05), affecting the functionality of the plasma membrane. Dihydrojasmone modulated the sensitivity of all strains against terbinafine, and terpinolene modulated the sensitivity of M. canis LM 216 and T. interdigitale Δmdr2. The monoterpenes and terbinafine drug associations presented synergism. In conclusion, the results suggest that the dihydrojasmone and terpinolene are promising antifungal agents that potentiate the antifungal activity of terbinafine against dermatophytes.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Arthrodermataceae/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos/farmacología , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Microsporum/efectos de los fármacos , Terbinafina/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Monoterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exergaming is a fun, engaging, and interactive form of exercising that may help overcome some of the traditional exercise barriers and help improve adherence on the part of older adults, providing therapeutic applications for balance recovery and functional mobility. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the effects of exergames on mobility and balance in older adults. METHODS: The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The following databases were searched from inception to August 2019: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and INSPEC. We selected randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of exergames on balance or mobility of older adults without neurological conditions, in comparison to no intervention or health education. Two review authors independently screened the trials' titles and abstracts and identified trials for inclusion according to the eligibility criteria. An almost perfect agreement between the authors was observed with respect to interrater reliability of trial selection (kappa = 0.84; P < 0.001). We performed descriptive analysis of the quantitative data to summarize the evidence. Meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan. A random effects model was used to compute the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: After screening 822 records, 12 trials comparing exergames with no intervention were included. A total of 1520 older adults participated in the studies, with a mean age of 76 ± 6 years for the experimental group and 76 ± 5 years for the control group. Quantitative synthesis showed significant improvements in balance and mobility based on the center of pressure sway (SMD = - 0.89; 95%CI = - 1.26 to - 0.51; P = 0.0001; I2 = 58%), Berg Balance Scale (MD = 2.15; 95%CI = 1.77 to 2.56; P = 0.0001; I2 = 96%), and on Timed Up and Go test (MD = - 2.48; 95%CI = - 3.83 to - 1.12; P = 0.0003; I2 = 0). CONCLUSIONS: Exergames improved balance and mobility in older adults without neurological disorders and motivate patients to keep performing balance exercises. High quality studies with standardized assessment protocols are necessary to improve the strength of the evidence.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Ejercicio , Equilibrio Postural , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios de Tiempo y MovimientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe the upper and lower lip lesion occurrence in an oral diagnostic service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive sectional study was performed. Clinical records were obtained from the archives of an Oral Diagnostic Service referral center between 2006 and 2016. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, and diagnosis were collected and categorized. The collected data were submitted to a descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 587 patient records of lip lesions were analyzed. Most lesions were diagnosed in female (52.1%) and adults (56.9%) patients in the lower lip (76.2%). Among all lip lesions, the reactive/inflammatory lesions (n = 238; 40.5%) and oral potentially malignant disorders (n = 164; 28%) were the most frequent group lesions. Mucocele (n = 147; 25%), actinic cheilitis (n = 136; 23.1%) and vascular lesions (n = 51; 8.7%) were the most frequent lesion in the sample. Actinic cheilitis was significant in relation to gender (p < 0.001), all three most frequent lesions were significant in concerning to age group and anatomical site. CONCLUSIONS: Mucocele was the most common lower lip lesion in all age groups, followed by actinic cheilitis and vascular lesions, which mainly affected adults and the elderly.
Asunto(s)
Queilitis , Neoplasias de los Labios , Enfermedades de la Boca , Adulto , Anciano , Servicios de Diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Labio , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Immune homeostasis has been suggested to play an important role in the clinical evolution of chronic Chagas disease; however, the immunopathologic factors involved have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells, classic Th17 cells, alternative Th17 cells and IL-17+ B cells from peripheral blood of chronic cardiac patients after in vitro stimulation with Trypanosoma cruzi soluble EPI antigen. Patients were selected and classified according to clinical evaluation of cardiac involvement: mild, B1 (CARD1) (n = 20) and severe, C (CARD2) (n = 11). Patients with the indeterminate form of CD were included as the control group A (IND) (n = 17). Blood samples were collected and cultured in the presence of EPI antigen. Cells frequency and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) were obtained by flow cytometry. Our results showed that only CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ , CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+ , CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ- and CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ cells are more frequent in patients with severe cardiac disease and correlate with worse global cardiac function. However, while indeterminate patients demonstrated a positive correlation between CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ and CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ- Th17 cells, this relationship was not observed in cardiac patients. IL-17 expression by Th17 cells and B cells correlated with disease progression. Altogether our results suggest that the clinical progression of Chagas cardiomyopathy involves worsening of inflammation and impairment of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/patología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Corazón/fisiopatología , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Células Th17/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/clasificación , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/patología , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Masculino , Células Th17/clasificación , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Nos trópicos, o uso de raças adaptadas tem sido uma estratégia para minimizar o efeito do estresse térmico calórico (ETC). No entanto, faltam informações que quantifiquem o estresse e o seu efeito sobre a reprodução dessas raças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do oócito recuperado e alguns parâmetros fisiológicos indicadores de ETC em bovinos de raças adaptadas. Animais Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) e Bos taurus (raça Pantaneira; n=12), localizados na região de transição entre o Cerrado e o Pantanal brasileiro, foram submetidos à aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassonografia (OPU) em diferentes condições climáticas. Foram realizadas oito sessões de OPU, com intervalo mínimo de sete dias e máximo de 54 dias entre as coletas. Para caracterização climática, foi realizado o cálculo do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Foram quantificados os ITUs do dia da OPU, sete dias antes e 60 dias antes de cada sessão. Os parâmetros fisiológicos e a viabilidade oocitária de fêmeas das raças Girolando e Pantaneira não foram afetados negativamente por ITUs entre 72 e 78. O ETC crônico (60 dias) parece afetar a viabilidade oocitária de doadoras na raça Pantaneira quando ITU é superior a 75.(AU)
In tropical regions, the use of adapted breeds has been a strategy to minimize the effect of heat stress (HS) in cattle. However, information quantifying stress and its effect on reproduction of these breeds is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the recovered oocyte and some physiological parameters that indicate HS in adapted breed. Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) and Pantaneira (n=12) cows, located in the transition region between Cerrado and Brazilian Pantanal, underwent follicular aspiration guided by ultrasound (OPU) in different weather conditions. Eight sessions of OPU were carried out, with a minimum interval of 7 days and maximum 54 days between sessions. For weather characterization, the temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated. THI of the day of OPU, 7 days before and 60 days before each session were calculated. The physiological parameters and oocyte viability of Girolando and Pantaneira cows were not negatively influenced under ITU between 72 and 78. The chronic HS (60 days)may affect the oocyte viability of Pantaneira donors when ITU is over 75.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Bovinos/embriología , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , Oocitos/clasificación , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Nos trópicos, o uso de raças adaptadas tem sido uma estratégia para minimizar o efeito do estresse térmico calórico (ETC). No entanto, faltam informações que quantifiquem o estresse e o seu efeito sobre a reprodução dessas raças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do oócito recuperado e alguns parâmetros fisiológicos indicadores de ETC em bovinos de raças adaptadas. Animais Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) e Bos taurus (raça Pantaneira; n=12), localizados na região de transição entre o Cerrado e o Pantanal brasileiro, foram submetidos à aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassonografia (OPU) em diferentes condições climáticas. Foram realizadas oito sessões de OPU, com intervalo mínimo de sete dias e máximo de 54 dias entre as coletas. Para caracterização climática, foi realizado o cálculo do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Foram quantificados os ITUs do dia da OPU, sete dias antes e 60 dias antes de cada sessão. Os parâmetros fisiológicos e a viabilidade oocitária de fêmeas das raças Girolando e Pantaneira não foram afetados negativamente por ITUs entre 72 e 78. O ETC crônico (60 dias) parece afetar a viabilidade oocitária de doadoras na raça Pantaneira quando ITU é superior a 75.(AU)
In tropical regions, the use of adapted breeds has been a strategy to minimize the effect of heat stress (HS) in cattle. However, information quantifying stress and its effect on reproduction of these breeds is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the recovered oocyte and some physiological parameters that indicate HS in adapted breed. Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n=6) and Pantaneira (n=12) cows, located in the transition region between Cerrado and Brazilian Pantanal, underwent follicular aspiration guided by ultrasound (OPU) in different weather conditions. Eight sessions of OPU were carried out, with a minimum interval of 7 days and maximum 54 days between sessions. For weather characterization, the temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated. THI of the day of OPU, 7 days before and 60 days before each session were calculated. The physiological parameters and oocyte viability of Girolando and Pantaneira cows were not negatively influenced under ITU between 72 and 78. The chronic HS (60 days)may affect the oocyte viability of Pantaneira donors when ITU is over 75.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Oocitos/clasificación , Bovinos/embriología , Trastornos de Estrés por Calor/veterinaria , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The presence of magnetic material in tissues of lateral line and ocellar spot of tomtates Haemulon aurolineatum is shown using the ferromagnetic resonance technique. For the first time magnetic material is reported in the ocellar spot. The magnetic material detected in these structures of H. aurolineatum suggests that this species could use magnetic orientation during its nocturnal foraging, and the relevance and role of this material with respect to schooling movements is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Magnéticos , Perciformes/anatomía & histología , Animales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Magnetismo , Perciformes/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite a confirmed association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and stroke, the pathogenesis of OSA in stroke has not been hitherto clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between respiratory abnormalities and atherogenic pro-inflammatory markers, interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: Nocturnal polygraphy was performed in 50 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke in the first week after the event. Levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α) were determined from morning blood samples and comparatively analyzed between cases with and without severe OSA and with age-matched controls. RESULTS: All patients with acute ischemic stroke, 31 men, mean age (64.3 ± 7.7 years), had apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 and 35 (70%) had severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30). Hypertension was more frequent in patients with severe OSA (85.7%) when compared to controls (40.0%) (P = 0.002). Stroke outcome, assessed by the Barthel index, tended to be more severe (P = 0.06) in cases with severe OSA. Patients with mild/moderate OSA and with severe OSA showed higher levels of IL-6 when compared to controls (P = 0.01 and P = 0.000, respectively). Among cases with acute stroke and severe OSA, IL-6 levels were correlated with lower oxyhemoglobin desaturation (r=-0.30; P = 0.001) and with the desaturation index (r = 0.15; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: IL-6, an atherogenic marker, shows a commensurate increase in stroke patients with OSA. It is correlated with oxyhemoglobin desaturation and with desaturation index and may be a surrogate measure to evaluate continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Inflamación/etiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Isquemia Encefálica/sangre , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/sangre , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/sangre , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar e testar o uso da plataforma de força em padrão ortostático em cães, na avaliação do apoio e distribuição do peso nos membros, permitindo visualizar uma possível transferência em pacientes ortopédicos com afecções articulares. Foram realizadas avaliações clínica - graus de claudicação e exame radiográfico - e biomecânica na plataforma de força, por coleta estática de 16 pacientes cirúrgicos ortopédicos com afecções coxofemoral da rotina hospitalar (grupo tratado), e de seis cães saudáveis, sem histórico de problemas ortopédicos (grupo-controle). Com base no grupo-controle, foi possível delinear uma metodologia adequada para cães em coleta estática e testá-la no grupo tratado. A plataforma em padrão ortostático mostrou ser um parâmetro objetivo, eficiente e mais sensível que os demais, sendo seu uso adequado na avaliação de pacientes ortopédicos.
The purpose of this work was to standardize and test the use of the force platform in ortostatic pattern in dogs, to approach the support assessment and weight distribution in the limbs, allowing the visualization of the transfer possibility in surgical orthopedics patients with hip diseases. Clinical evaluation - lameness degrees and radiografic exam - and biomechanical evaluation were accomplished through the force plate for static collection of 16 surgical orthopedics patients with hip diseases in hospital routine (control-group) and 6 healthy dogs without a report of orthopedics problems (treatment-group). The control-group for outline allowed an appropriate methodology at static collection in dogs. The platform in ortostátic pattern was efficient and a more sensitive and objective parameter than the others, being of appropriate use in the evaluation of an orthopedic patient.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Claudicación Intermitente/veterinaria , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/veterinariaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar e testar o uso da plataforma de força em padrão ortostático em cães, na avaliação do apoio e distribuição do peso nos membros, permitindo visualizar uma possível transferência em pacientes ortopédicos com afecções articulares. Foram realizadas avaliações clínica - graus de claudicação e exame radiográfico - e biomecânica na plataforma de força, por coleta estática de 16 pacientes cirúrgicos ortopédicos com afecções coxofemoral da rotina hospitalar (grupo tratado), e de seis cães saudáveis, sem histórico de problemas ortopédicos (grupo-controle). Com base no grupo-controle, foi possível delinear uma metodologia adequada para cães em coleta estática e testá-la no grupo tratado. A plataforma em padrão ortostático mostrou ser um parâmetro objetivo, eficiente e mais sensível que os demais, sendo seu uso adequado na avaliação de pacientes ortopédicos.(AU)
The purpose of this work was to standardize and test the use of the force platform in ortostatic pattern in dogs, to approach the support assessment and weight distribution in the limbs, allowing the visualization of the transfer possibility in surgical orthopedics patients with hip diseases. Clinical evaluation - lameness degrees and radiografic exam - and biomechanical evaluation were accomplished through the force plate for static collection of 16 surgical orthopedics patients with hip diseases in hospital routine (control-group) and 6 healthy dogs without a report of orthopedics problems (treatment-group). The control-group for outline allowed an appropriate methodology at static collection in dogs. The platform in ortostátic pattern was efficient and a more sensitive and objective parameter than the others, being of appropriate use in the evaluation of an orthopedic patient.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/veterinaria , Claudicación Intermitente/veterinariaRESUMEN
Clostridium difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-associated colitis, a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the role of the haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) pathway in C. difficile toxin A-induced enteritis in mice. The HO substrate haemin, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX), a specific HO-1 inhibitor, dimanganese decacarbonyl (DMDC), a CO donor, or an equivalent volume of their respective vehicles were injected subcutaneously 30 min prior to local challenge with toxin A (25 or 50 µg per ileal loop) or PBS. Intestinal ileal loop weight/length ratios were calculated 3 h later. Ileal tissues were collected for histological analysis and measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) production by ELISA and immunohistochemistry for HO-1. Treatment of mice subjected to C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) with haemin or DMDC prevented oedema, mucosal disruption and neutrophil infiltration observed in histological analysis. It also decreased TcdA-induced MPO activity and TNF-α or IL-1ß production. In contrast, the specific HO-1 inhibitor (ZnPP IX) exacerbated all these evaluated parameters. TcdA increased HO-1 expression as seen by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that the HO-1/CO pathway exerts a protective role in TcdA-induced enteritis and that its pharmacological modulation might be important for the management of C. difficile-associated disease.