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68Ga is produced from enriched zinc-68 target electrodeposited on copper base material which was irradiated with 15 MeV proton energy in 30 MeV cyclotron. A modified semi-automated separation and purification module was used to obtain pharmaceutical grade [68Ga]GaCl3 in 35 ± 5 min. The quality of [68Ga]GaCl3 produced was in accordance with Pharmeuropa 30.4. The [68Ga]GaCl3 was utilized for the formulation of multiple doses of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. The quality of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE were also in accordance with Pharmacopeia.

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A fully automated large-scale production of sodium [18F]fluoride ([18F]NaF) using SYNTHERA module with a modification in integrated fluidic processor (IFP) is reported. This modified IFP module is used to prepare [18F]NaF with more than 98% non-decay corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) within 5 min with specifications in accordance with United State Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph. The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to perform the synthesis steps either manually or automatically and give information to the operator during the course of production. The desired clinical results add support to indigenously produced [18F]NaF as a pharmaceutical grade diagnostic radiopharmaceutical.

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SARS-CoV-2 is an etiologic agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has rapidly extended globally and taken millions of lives due to the unavailability of therapeutics candidates against the virus. Till now, no specific drug candidates have been developed that can prevent or treat infections caused by the pathogen. The main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and mechanistically inhibition of the protein can hinder the replication and infection process of the virus. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the natural bioactive compounds against the virus that can block the activity of the Mpro and subsequently block viral infections. Initially, a total of 96 phytochemicals from Ruellia prostrata Poir. and Senna tora (L.) Roxb. plants were identified through the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method. Subsequently, the compounds were screened through molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), toxicity (T), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. The molecular docking method initially identified four molecules having a PubChem CID: 70825, CID: 25247358, CID: 54685836 and, CID: 1983 with a binding affinity ranging between -6.067 to -6.53 kcal mol-1 to the active site of the target protein. All the selected compounds exhibit good pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties. Finally, the four compounds were further evaluated based on the MD simulation methods that confirmed the binding stability of the compounds to the targeted protein. The computational approaches identified the best four compounds CID: 70825, CID: 25247358, CID: 54685836 and, CID: 1983 that can be developed as a treatment option of SARS-CoV-2 disease-related complications. Although, experimental validation is suggested for further evaluation of the work.

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The data herein presented concerns the article entitled "Evaluation of hydrochemical properties and groundwater suitability for irrigation uses in southwestern zones of Jashore, Bangladesh". Data was collected during 2018-2019 in the southwestern zones of Jashore, Bangladesh. One hundred groundwater samples (boreholes and tube wells) were collected to evaluate groundwater quality, using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) as an indicator. Fourteen hydrochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, NO3N, pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 -, SO4 2- and Fe2+) were used to calculate irrigation water quality indices (KI, Na%, PI, SAR, SSP, MH, and TH). Statistical methods such as Viper diagrams, USSL, and Wilcox diagrams were used to visualize datasets. The attained data can be used to assess the hydrogeochemistry of the sampled sites and groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. The findings of this work can be used in the optimization of management and treatment procedures and in the implementation of sustainable water development.

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BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means that an infant should be breastfed only for the first six months of life to achieve optimal child development and to prevent infant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this analysis was to determine the individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with EBF practice in Bangladesh. METHODS: A total of 1,440 women-child pairs data were analysed extracted from 2011 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Multilevel logistic regression models were used separately for individual-, household-, and community level factors to identify the different level of factors associated with EBF practice. RESULTS: Around 61% women in Bangladesh practiced EBF with significant variation across several individual-, household-, and community-level factors. At the individual level, higher odds of EBF practice was found among mothers' received higher number of antenatal care and lower age of child. Mothers' higher education and engagement in formal jobs were found negatively associated with EBF practice. At the community level, higher odds of EBF was found among women live in Barishal, Dhaka, and Rajshahi divisions, and resided in the community with moderate level of female education, higher level of fertility, and higher use of antenatal and delivery care. CONCLUSIONS: One in every three children in Bangladesh do not breastfeed exclusively which needs special attention for the policymakers. In this case, educated women engaged in income generating activities and women did not use antenatal care should be given priority. At the community level, priority should be given for the women's resides in the community with lower level of antenatal and delivery healthcare services use.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract on gastric ulcers. Methods: An ethanol-induced model was used to examine the protective effect of Opuntia humifusa against gastric ulcers. The gastric ulcer index was evaluated via clinical observation and image analysis. Various inflammatory indicators were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting assays. Results: The gastric ulcer index was reduced to 8% in the group treated with Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract compared with that in the control group. RT-PCR analysis revealed that MUC5AC expression was reduced to 39% in the control group compared with the non-treated group, whereas the omeprazole and Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract-treated groups increased the expression to 95% and 79%, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of various cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased in the control group, while decreasing in Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract-treated group. Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract also suppressed the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, and its transcription factor NF-κB and increased mucus content considerably as compared to the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that Opuntia humifusa aqueous extract is suitable as an alternative remedy for gastric ulcer treatment.

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BACKGROUND: Providing safe anaesthesia to paediatric patients is a challenging task. This requires a thorough knowledge of the soft and pliable paediatric airway. Owing to the vulnerability of the anatomical structures involved, choosing an appropiate sized endotracheal tube (ETT) is important in these cases. A larger sized ETT may lead to trauma and a smaller one would result in leakage and risk of aspiration. Both situations demand an immediate tube change, thereby complicating the condition. The physical indices- based formulae have often failed to justify the purpose leading to repeated laryngoscopy and tube change during intubation. The increase in availability of the modern ultrasound devices have shown promise in these cases. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: In this study we examine the accuracy of ultrasonography (USG)to assess the appropriate ETT size, comparing it with physical indices based formulae suggested ETT size so that repeated attempts on intubation can be minimized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group included 100 patients of 1-5 years, ASA I- II, requiring orotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. The tracheal sub-glottic diameter was estimated by pre-anaesthetic USG to determine the ETT size, both cuffed and uncuffed. ETT data obtained by these methods were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. RESULTS: USG predicted ETT size were significantly more consistent than the physical indices based formulae. Also the age based formulae were found to be more precise than the height based ones. Seven patients required change of tube once. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is an effective tool in predicting paediatric ETT size.

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Background The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic activities of the methanolic extract of Ficus cunia leaves. Methods Primary phytochemical screening was accomplished by using established methods. Cytotoxicity was studied by brine shrimp lethality test, and the thrombolytic assay was conducted through clot lysis method with human blood. The in vivo action was done using mice of both sexes. The analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Open field, hole cross and thiopental Na-induced sleeping time test were used to examine the sedative-hypnotic activity, and elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test were used to identify the anxiolytic activity. Results The results elicited that the extract contained several phytochemicals such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin. The extract was found to have a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 55.48 µg/mL in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It was also assessed for antithrombotic activity when compared with streptokinase; it has significant (p < 0.001) thrombolytic effect (34.72 ± 1.74%) contrasted with standard streptokinase (67 ± 1.56%). The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg produced inhibition of 32.58% and 46.63% in acetic acid-induced pain and 45.88 and 61.18% in formalin-induced pain. The sedative and hypnotic activities on the central nervous system of the methanol extract of F. cunia (MEFC) leaves were evaluated. The extract delivered critical sedative impact at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (by oral route) treated with reference to the substance diazepam, and the hypnotic impact was also observed in the case of mice. MEFC at its maximum dose (400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM. In the hole board test, there was a dose-dependent (at 200 and 400 mg/kg) and a significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) increase in the number of head pokes in comparison to control. Conclusions The results of the present study gave a helpful baseline in progression for the possible use of MEFC as a cytotoxic, thrombolytic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drug.

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