RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes (GDM) contributes substantially to the population burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with a high long-term risk of developing T2DM. This study will assess whether a structured lifestyle modification programme for women immediately after a GDM pregnancy, delivered via customised text messages and further individualised using data from activity monitors, improves T2DM risk factors, namely weight, physical activity (PA) and diet. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This multicentre randomised controlled trial will recruit 180 women with GDM attending Westmead, Campbelltown or Blacktown hospital services in Western Sydney. They will be randomised (1:1) on delivery to usual care with activity monitor (active control) or usual care plus activity monitor and customised education, motivation and support delivered via text messaging (intervention). The intervention will be customised based on breastfeeding status, and messages including their step count achievements to encourage PA. Messages on PA and healthy eating will encourage good lifestyle habits. The primary outcome of the study is healthy lifestyle composed of weight, dietary and PA outcomes, to be evaluated at 6 months. The secondary objectives include the primary objective components, body mass index, breastfeeding duration and frequency, postnatal depression, utilisation of the activity monitor, adherence to obtaining an oral glucose tolerance test post partum and the incidence of dysglycaemia at 12 months. Relative risks and their 95% CIs will be presented for the primary objective and the appropriate regression analysis, adjusting for the baseline outcome results, will be done for each outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been received from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/ETH13240). All patients will provide written informed consent. Study results will be disseminated via the usual channels including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12620000615987; Pre-results.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Gestacional , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Diabetes Gestacional/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Embarazo , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Teléfono InteligenteRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate whether the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole has any influence on the pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic parameters of the antimalarial co-artemether (artemether-lumefantrine) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Sixteen subjects were randomized in an open-label, two period crossover design study. Subjects received a single dose of co-artemether (day 1) either alone or in combination with multiple oral doses of ketoconazole (400 mg on day 1 followed by 200 mg o.d. for 4 additional days). Serial blood samples were taken and assayed for artemether and its main active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and lumefantrine. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of artemether, its metabolite DHA, and lumefantrine were influenced by the presence of ketoconazole. AUC(0, infinity ) was increased from 320 to 740 ng ml-1 h (ratio 2.4, 90% CI 2.00, 2.86) for artemether, from 331 to 501 ng ml-1 h (ratio 1.7, 90% CI 1.40, 1.98) for DHA, and from 207 to 333 micro g ml-1 h (ratio 1.7, 90% CI 1.23, 2.21) for lumefantrine in the presence of ketoconazole. Cmax also increased in similar proportions for the three compounds (ratio 2.2 (90% CI 1.78, 2.83), 1.4 (90% CI 1.12, 1.74), and 1.3 (90% CI 0.96, 1.64), respectively). The terminal elimination half-life was increased for artemether (2.5 vs 1.9 h, 90% CI 1.12, 1.72) and DHA (3.1 vs 2.1 h, 90% CI 0.02, 3.36), but remained unchanged for lumefantrine (88 vs 95 h, 90% CI 0.81, 1.04). These increases in exposure to the antimalarial combination were much smaller than observed with food intake (up to 16 fold), and were not associated with increased side-effects or changes in electrocardiographic parameters. The study medications were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent administration of ketoconazole with co-artemether led to modest increases in artemether, DHA, and lumefantrine exposure in healthy subjects. Dose adjustment of co-artemether is probably unnecessary in falciparum malaria patients when administered in association with ketoconazole or other potent CYP3A4 inhibitors.