RESUMEN
Cutaneous granulomas in dolphins were believed to be caused by Lacazia loboi, which also causes a similar disease in humans. This hypothesis was recently challenged by reports that fungal DNA sequences from dolphins grouped this pathogen with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We conducted phylogenetic analysis of fungi from 6 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with cutaneous granulomas and chains of yeast cells in infected tissues. Kex gene sequences of P. brasiliensis from dolphins showed 100% homology with sequences from cultivated P. brasiliensis, 73% with those of L. loboi, and 93% with those of P. lutzii. Parsimony analysis placed DNA sequences from dolphins within a cluster with human P. brasiliensis strains. This cluster was the sister taxon to P. lutzii and L. loboi. Our molecular data support previous findings and suggest that a novel uncultivated strain of P. brasiliensis restricted to cutaneous lesions in dolphins is probably the cause of lacaziosis/lobomycosis, herein referred to as paracoccidioidomycosis ceti.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Animales/microbiología , Dermatomicosis/veterinaria , Delfines , Granuloma/veterinaria , Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Animales/patología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Biopsia , ADN de Hongos , Paracoccidioides/clasificación , Paracoccidioides/genética , Paracoccidioides/aislamiento & purificación , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Two new indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles (1, 2) were isolated from a deep-water collection of a sponge of the genus Asteropus. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined through the analysis of spectroscopic data including mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR. Compound 1 showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25 µg/mL against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and 50 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Compounds 1 and 2 showed no cytotoxicity against the PANC1 human pancreatic carcinoma and NCI/ADR-RES ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines at our standard test concentration of 5 µg/mL.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Carbazoles/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/aislamiento & purificación , Indoles/aislamiento & purificación , Poríferos/química , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bahamas , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Carbazoles/química , Carbazoles/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/farmacología , Humanos , Indoles/química , Indoles/farmacología , Resistencia a la Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this report, the problems of third molar surgery have been reviewed from the perspective of both patient and clinician; additionally an overall analysis of preoperative imaging investigations was carried out.Specifically, three main areas of interest were investigated: the prediction of surgical difficulty and potential complications; the assessment of stress and anxiety and finally the assessment of postoperative complications and the surgeon's experience. FINDINGS: In the first study, the prediction of surgical difficulty and potential injury to the inferior alveolar nerve was assessed. This was achieved by examining the patient's orthopantomograms and by using the Pederson Difficulty Index (PDI). Several radiological signs were identified and a classification tree was created to help predict the incidence of such event.In the second study, a prospective assessment addressing the patient's stress and anxiety pre-, intra- and postoperatively was employed. Midazolam was the active drug used against placebo. Objective and subjective parameters were assessed, including measuring the cortisol level in saliva. Midazolam was found to significantly reduce anxiety levels and salivary cortisol was identified as an accurate anxiety marker.In the third study, postoperative complications and the surgeon's experience were examined. Few patients in this study suffered permanent nerve dysfunction. Junior surgeons reported a higher complication rate particularly in trismus, alveolar osteitis, infection and paraesthesia over the distributions of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. In apparent contrast, senior surgeons reported higher incidence of postoperative bleeding. DISCUSSION: These studies if well employed can lead to favourable alteration in patient management and might have a positive impact on future healthcare service.
RESUMEN
A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain K362(T)) was isolated from a deep-water marine sponge collected off the coast of Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain K362(T) was shown to belong to the genus Tsukamurella, being most closely related to Tsukamurella pulmonis (99.2 %), Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens (98.9 %), Tsukamurella strandjordii (98.8 %), Tsukamurella pseudospumae (98.8 %) and Tsukamurella spumae (98.8 %). A combination of the substrate utilization patterns, the fatty acid and mycolic acid profiles and the DNA-DNA hybridization results supported the affiliation of strain K362(T) to the genus Tsukamurella and enabled the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain K362(T) from the seven recognized Tsukamurella species. Strain K362(T) therefore represents a novel species of the genus Tsukamurella, for which the name Tsukamurella spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K362(T) (=DSM 44990(T)=NRRL B-24467(T)).
Asunto(s)
Actinobacteria/clasificación , Actinobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Poríferos/microbiología , Actinobacteria/química , Actinobacteria/genética , Animales , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Genes de ARNr , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Ácidos Micólicos/análisis , Antillas Holandesas , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
As part of our ongoing chemical investigation of biologically active metabolites from marine fungi, three new compounds, p-hydroxyphenopyrrozin (1) and diketopiperazines (3, 4), have been isolated from the marine-derived fungus Chromocleista sp. In addition, the fungus gave the known compound phenopyrrozin (2), four known diketopiperazines (6-9), N-acetyltryptamine (10), and agathic acid (11). Another new diketopiperazine (5) was separated and identified as a decomposition product of 3 and 4. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of mass spectroscopy, NMR experiments, and derivatization methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography studies.