RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The addition of cisplatin or cetuximab to radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has significantly improved the outcome. While the superiority of cisplatin over cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy has been shown in a definitive setting, we set out to compare postoperative chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin to radioimmunotherapy with cetuximab and radiotherapy alone within the Austrian head and neck cancer registry of the Working Group on Pharmaceutical Tumor Treatment (AGMT) study group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the AGMT head and neck cancer registry, data of 557 patients with SCCHN from five Austrian cancer centers were prospectively collected between 2012 and 2017. Of these patients 120 received postoperative chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin, 26 patients received postoperative radioimmunotherapy with cetuximab and 56 patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy only. Patient characteristics, stage of disease, details on treatment as well as survival were analyzed by a chart-based review. RESULTS: In patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy the addition of cisplatin significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to cetuximab (PFS 84.2 months vs. 17.0 months, pâ¯= 0.04, OS not reached vs. 46.0 months, pâ¯= 0.02) and PFS compared to radiotherapy alone (PFS 84.2 months vs. 28.5 months, pâ¯< 0.01). Patients treated with cetuximab were significantly older and had a worse performance score than patients receiving cisplatin or radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the importance of multimodal treatment concepts in patients with locally advanced SCCHN. Postoperative cetuximab might be an option in patients not eligible for high-dose cisplatin but cisplatin should remain the standard of care.
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Cisplatino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Austria , Cetuximab , Quimioradioterapia , Humanos , Radioinmunoterapia , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Induction chemotherapy (ICT) with cisplatin (P), 5-FU (F) and taxanes (T) is a therapeutical option in patients suffering from locally advanced or unresectable stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The role of ICT is controversial, and toxicity and/or delay of radiotherapy (RT) may reduce the potential benefit of this treatment regimen. Here, we report the results of a randomised phase II trial comparing TPF with TP + cetuximab (C). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this trial, 100 patients with locally advanced stage III or IV SCCHN were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly assigned to either TPF-ICT (N = 49) or TPC-ICT (N = 51), both followed by RT + C. The primary end-point of the study was overall response rate (ORR) three months after RT + C was finished. RESULTS: On an intention-to-treat basis, the ORR (complete remission + partial remission) was 74.5% in the TPC arm compared with 63.3% in the TPF arm (p = 0.109). OS was similar in both arms 400 days after treatment was initiated (86.1% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 73.0-93.1%] in the TPC arm and 78.5% [95% CI, 63.7-87.8%] in the TPF arm). TPC resulted in slightly less serious adverse events and in less haematological, but more skin toxicities. Two patients randomised in the TPC arm died during ICT and RT. Four patients in the TPF arm died after completion of RT. No delay from the end of ICT to RT + C was observed. A total of 83.1% of patients (80% in the TPC arm; 86% in the TPF arm) received RT without dose reduction and/or modification. CONCLUSION: TPC-containing ICT for patients with locally advanced SCCHN was found to be an effective and tolerable one-day regimen. Further prospective evidence from larger trials is warranted.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Cetuximab/uso terapéutico , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Docetaxel/uso terapéutico , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Austria , Cetuximab/efectos adversos , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Docetaxel/efectos adversos , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Inducción , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Inducción de Remisión , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Palliative chemotherapy in patients with nonresectable advanced colorectal carcinoma is performed to prolong survival, alleviate tumor-associated symptoms, and maintain or improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In this prospective single-center observational study, we assessed HRQOL across the various lines of palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: HRQOL data were acquired using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30) questionnaire. The first assessment was performed at the beginning of each chemotherapy line, the second after three cycles, and the third at the end of chemotherapy. Further assessments were conducted during checkups every 3 months in our outpatient unit. RESULTS: In total, 100 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma (mean age 66.4 years; 60 % men) treated with palliative chemotherapy were recruited. Generally, QOL deteriorated constantly across time. Physical functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and appetite worsened steadily from first-line chemotherapy to the later treatment phase. Global QOL, emotional functioning, and role functioning improved slightly after the end of first-line chemotherapy, deteriorated during second-line chemotherapy to the level of first-line chemotherapy, and further deteriorated in the later treatment phases. In additional analyses, we found the largest differences between patients with and without a treatment response for pain (19.0 vs. 37.2 points) and appetite loss (17.4 vs. 32.7 points). CONCLUSION: The individual QOL domains deteriorated constantly across time. Our data indicate that patients undergoing first- and second-line palliative chemotherapy experience stabilization of global QOL and psychosocial symptoms. We also found that unselected patients who achieved a treatment response had a lower symptom burden and better QOL than did patients with progressive disease.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/psicología , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Current literature provides conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with MF treated within a named patient program in Austria. A total of 22 patients with MF were treated with lenalidomide in 7 different centres throughout Austria. Median age of patients was 68 years. Primary MF was present in 13 patients. Eight patients had post-polycythemia vera (post-PV) and 1 post-essential thrombocythemia (post-ET) MF. According to the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS), all patients were scored within the intermediate-2 or high-risk group. Approximately one-third of patients were treated with 2 or more prior therapies. The overall response rate according to International Working Group (IWG) criteria was 12.5 %. Efficacy of lenalidomide was moderate in this non-study patient population. Limiting factors seemed to be stage of disease and risk profile of patients included in this analysis.
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Anemia/inducido químicamente , Leucopenia/inducido químicamente , Mielofibrosis Primaria/complicaciones , Mielofibrosis Primaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Austria , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos , Lenalidomida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mielofibrosis Primaria/diagnóstico , Talidomida/administración & dosificación , Talidomida/efectos adversos , Trombocitopenia/diagnóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from advanced gastric cancer still have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. In our previous phase II trial (AGMT-Gastric-1), we showed that the combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan was well tolerated and effective. The same chemotherapy regimen was now tested in combination with cetuximab in a multicenter phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m(2) biweekly and irinotecan at 125 mg/m(2) biweekly were combined with cetuximab at 400 mg/m(2) loading dose and subsequent weekly infusions of 250 mg/m(2). Fifty-one patients with histologically proven unresectable and/or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were treated in the first line setting. The median age was 62 years. A single metastatic site was found in 24 patients, 27 patients had multiple metastatic sites. RESULTS: Frequently reported adverse events (in more than 20% of patients) were predominantly grade 1 or 2 and included neutropenia (35%), thrombocytopenia (33%), anemia (73%), nausea (45%), diarrhea (57%), alopecia (22%), and fatigue (37%). Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia in 9/1 patients., thrombocytopenia in 1/0 patients, anemia in 3/1 patients, nausea in 2/0 patients, and diarrhea in 7/2 patients. Sensory neuropathy occurred mostly as grade 1 and 2 in 37% of patients, grade 3 neurotoxicity was observed in 7 patients. Acne-like rash grades 1/2/3/4 were reported in 31%/20%/6%/2% of patients respectively. Thirteen patients discontinued the study due to neutropenia (n=5), nausea/vomiting (n=1), diarrhea (n=1), toxic colon (n=2), and allergic reaction to cetuximab at first (n=2), second (n=1) or third infusion (n=1). Thirty-five patients were assessable for response, with 1 patient (3%) showing a complete response, 21 patients (60%) a partial response, 7 patients (20%) a stable disease, and 6 patients (17%) a progressive disease respectively. The median time to progression was 24.8 weeks, median overall survival was 38.1 weeks. All patients tested had a wild type KRAS status. CONCLUSION: The combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan with cetuximab is safe and its action established in advanced gastric cancer.
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Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Camptotecina/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/efectos adversos , Carcinoma/genética , Cetuximab , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Irinotecán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Compuestos Organoplatinos/efectos adversos , Oxaliplatino , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The increase in cancer incidence with increasing age is becoming more obvious and more important as the average age of population increases. Currently over 50% of all cancers occur in people who are 65 and older. The clinical behaviour of common malignant diseases may change with age because of intrinsic variation of the neoplastic cells and the ability of the tumor host to support neoplastic growth. Therapeutic decisions should be based on an estimation of patient's life expectancy, functional status, comorbidity, polypharmacy, socioeconomic conditions, nutrition and the presence of geriatric syndromes. This review should give some answers to the many existing questions about cancer in the elderly.