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Photodynamic therapy is a high-target, low-invasive treatment utilized to manage a variety of malignant diseases and precancerous lesions. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is one of the most important photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy, carried to the cancer tissue by serum albumin. Its delivery by transport protein is one of the major factors in determining the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. The distribution of the albumin-PpIX complexes to the target tissue enables the accomplishment of an optimal PDT effect. This study aimed to assess in vitro the stability of spectrofluorimetric spectra of albumin-PpIX complexes. The experiment used three chemicals: PpIX, human serum albumin (HSA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Spectral data was recorded using a Kontron SFM-25 Instrument AG, at two excitation wavelengths λex=280 nm and 295 nm. A concentration of 1x10-5M of PpIX, in combination with 1.25x10-6M of HSA and 4x10-7M of BSA, have been recorded repetitively for ten days and compared to the initial spectrum. The maximum of PpIX fluorescence changed significantly on the first day following sample preparation. The maximum of PpIX - serum albumin complex was stable 10 and 4 days for HSA and 5 and 2 days for BSA for λex=280 nm and 295 nm, respectively. The formation of a complex between PpIX and serum albumin was seen to extend the stability of the spectrofluorimetric spectrum. However, a less significant effect was observed in the case of BSA, which could most plausibly be attributed to the variations in primary structure between HSA and BSA, leading to discernible variations in spectroscopic measurements.

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Prevalence of obesity is growing in the general population as well as among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients requiring dialysis. Obesity often leads to a situation when a mature outflow vein is located deeper than 6 mm and is difficult to cannulate. These obese patients usually require additional procedures to able to successfully cannulate the fistula. The available surgical options include: outflow vein elevation, liposuction, and lipectomy. We present a case of a 57-year-old obese female with ESRD and matured, deeply running, inadequate for cannulation arteriovenous fistula. We present a technique of lipectomy with wide resection of adipose tissue from superior and lateral surfaces of outflow vein. Postoperatively, the skin without the underlying adipose tissue collapses allowing easy cannulation of the long segment of outflow vein with two needles. Lipectomy of mature but deeply located outflow vein is a second-stage elective procedure. Wide resection of adipose tissue helps create easy to access cannulation zone in obese individuals.

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The series of new acetylenic thioquinolines containing propargyl, 2-butynyl, 4-bromo-2-butynyl, and 4-hydroxy-2-butynyl groups has been prepared and tested for antiproliferative activity in vitro against human [SW707 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), CCRF/CEM (leukemia)] and murine [P388 (leukemia), B16 (melanoma)] cancer lines. All the compounds obtained exhibited antiproliferative activity. The most active compounds 7, 16, 17, and 19 have the ID(50) values ranging from 0.2 to 4.6 microg/ml comparable to that of cisplatin used as reference compounds.

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A model of diabetic-obstetrical management in pregnant diabetics from the south-eastern Poland realized in Cracow has been described. It consists in education, intensive insulin therapy and self-control with borrowed glucose meters. The study included 102 pregnant women enrolled from 1987-1991. It was found that the patients in general with poorly normalized diabetes mellitus referred late to a special unit. It was shown that with experience normoglycemia was achieved with lower insulin doses in four injections. A characteristic feature was a very small number (4) of the patients who had thought of diabetes normalization before pregnancy. Coordinated care provides a possibility of reducing failures in pregnancy, nevertheless it is necessary to develop comprehensive care both before and during pregnancy in diabetic women.

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The results of diabetic care provided by the Cracow Branch of the Bank of Diabetic Diagnostic-Therapeutic Equipment have been discussed in 98 pregnant women studied from 1987 to 1991. An original model of diabetologic-obstetric care taking into account intensive conventional insulin therapy was used. It was found that mean duration of pregnancy increased to biological norms, which was maintained over the follow-up. The proportion of cesarean section was still high and the rate of congenital fetal defects was always the same with an upward tendency. Perinatal infant mortality was considerably reduced to the level found in general Polish population. The results indicate the usefulness of comprehensive treatment of pregnant diabetics in specialized departments with experienced personnel and appropriate equipment. The problem of preparing diabetic women for pregnancy before conception is still to be solved.

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In 20 patients treated previously with porcine insulin human recombined insulin Eli Lilly was tried. During one year of its use under strict therapeutic conditions a significant decrease of the requirement for insulin was achieved, especially in the first three months of the trial, especially in patients with shorter duration of diabetes. At the same time, carbohydrate metabolism improved significantly. No side effects of the new insulin were noted.

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