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There was studied clinical morphofunctional gingival tissues status in the region of 60 intraosseous implants with the use of clinical and cytomorphometric methods in 20 patients on prosthetic stage of the treatment. Early inflammatory complications in periimplants soft tissues on initial stage of prosthetics making according to the data of cytomorphometry. High self-descriptiveness and objectivity of the method in comparison with clinical methods was proved.

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The basic trends of scientific research carried out at the implantation department of CRID (Central Research Institute of Dentistry), referred to the fundamental problems in medicine and biology including a variety of not only experiments and clinical study but also a complex of technical aspects. Our long-term research and valuable clinical material collected resulted in confirming the necessity and importance of complex approaches developed by the Institute in dental implantation.

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Stress-deformed status of bone tissue in the implantation zone was studied. The relationship between the level of strain in the spongy and cortical layers of the bone and spatial location of the implant in the jaw and its geometrical parameters is demonstrated. Numerical analysis of the level of bone tissue stress was carried out on the basis of experimentally created three-dimensional solid-body model of the maxilla. The process of changes in the distribution of tensions during different phases of mastication was investigated. The potentialities of numerical analysis in the planning of orthodontic treatment of patients with dentition defects making use of implants are demonstrated.

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The paper describes a modern diagnostic method: Periotest for assessing the stability of intraosseous implants. The mobility of implants after remote and immediate implantation is assessed in 65 patients with dentition defects. The study yielded complete information on the status of tissue complex, detected the early signs of impaired bone integration after implantation, and helped more reliably predict the results.

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Functional features of type Brånemark implants are compared with those of type IMZ implants. The problem of determining optimal stiffness characteristics of type IMZ implants has been solved by means of linear programming. The conclusion was made on considerable improvement in distribution of loads when type IMZ osseointegrated implants are used as supporting elements in the denture.

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Biomechanics of the dental implants introduced into alveoli immediately after tooth extraction has been investigated. The programme ANSYS has been used. Three-dimension volume mathematical models were calculated, with the help of which the tense-deformed state of the supportive biological tissues has been investigated in the area of direct implantation. On the grounds of the results obtained a conclusion has been made that there is an essential improvement of the load distribution under investigation of the inner bone modified biologically designed implants for direct implantation.

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Opportunities to increase prosthetic treatment efficiency by means of applying osseointegrated implants of traditional and prospective types are analysed. A technique of mathematical modelling of the interaction between implants and jaw bone is exposed. The numerical model and applied program, developed on the basis of finite element method, enabling to analyse a stress strain state of the bone and to determine extreme safe loads on implants are described. It is shown, that the most loaded zone is a layer of the compact bone directly contiguous to the neck of the implant. That is in good agreement with the results of clinical research, according to which just this zone has the highest percentage of complications. Methods for further optimisation of implants and prosthetic structures for the purpose to perfect the techniques of prosthetic treatment are discussed.

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A new biogenic composite material based on hydroxyapatite and collagen with silamine was effectively used in dental implantology. Use of this material was conductive to a better course of the implant integration in the adjacent tissue structures and prevented the development of resorptive and atrophic changes in the alveolar process. Use of composite material in patients with relative indications for implantation precluded the development of complications in the early postoperative period and in remote periods of the follow-up.

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244 patients with ischemia of the lower limbs were treated surgically in the specialized cardiovascular center. No lethal outcomes were reported because previously derived algorithm of detecting silent myocardial ischemia in patients with intermittent claudication and load tests (bicycle ergometry and drug stress tests) had allowed the surgeons to ascertain the extent of coronary damage and detect subclinical cardiac failure. Valid assessment of cardiac factors enabled the right choice between surgical and therapeutic methods and staging of the procedures.

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The authors analyze x-ray findings in 268 patients before, immediately after implantation, and in the course of subsequent orthodontic treatment and in remote periods after it. Methods of examination and the principal x-ray parameters are discussed that were taken into consideration in the treatment making use of artificial implants.

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Analyzes the clinical and immunologic data evidencing that implantation, as a rule, induces immunologic shifts in patient's body. Traces the direct relationship between the frequency and severity of complications and the type of the patient's immune response to implantation, the intensity of this response being directly related to the implantation material and volume. Basing on the relationship between the clinical and immunologic data, recommends examination of the patients' immune status for the prediction of the results of the surgical stage of dental implantation and for the assessment of new implantation material intended for introduction into practical dentistry.

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A dialogue medical information system "Dental Implant" is described, intended for the collection and analysis of clinico-diagnostic information with the aim of developing methods for the treatment of patients with dentition defects, making use of dental implants. This automated system permits a rapid and effective analysis of surgical and orthodontic complications and is intended for operation by a non-programmer.

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The priority problems in orthodontic treatment of denture total defects, making use of intraosseous implants, are discussed. The study was aimed at estimation of the optimal number of implants and sites of implantation, choice of a rational orthodontic design permitting the distribution of the masticatory load in proportion with the supporting tissue potentialities. The desired effect is achieved via estimation of the mathematical model of the denture design supported by intraosseous implants.

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The dynamics of cross-sectional, isochronic, and integral maps of electric potential distribution during the dipyridamole test was examined in 35 patients with verified coronary heart disease and 12 control patients. Basic differences were found in changes of excitation propagation velocities and positive potential amplitude in the groups examined. A local increase in R wave areas on the maps of positive potential differences was found to be the most significant mapping sign of transient myocardial ischemia (the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy being more than 97%). The diagnostic accuracy of an absolute or relative increase in the integral time and amplitude parameters of the mapping was 77% and 70%, respectively.

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Mathematical modelling allowed to use specially designed software package for calculation of the necessary number of variants of dimensions of denture carcass while planning the orthodontic treatment. This could be done for each patient individually, thus ensuring the correct choice of orthodontic technique to replace the end defects of the dentition.

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