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The article presents the results of the evaluation of the most significant risk factors related to lifestyle and health of medical students of different courses andfaculties. The obtained data testify that out of the total number of factors that have a significant influence on the formation of bases of student's healthy lifestyle and health, the most typical are the mode of employment, the total workload, material well-being, living conditions of the majority of today's students, as well as the conditions of nutrition, physical activity, the presence or absence of such factors as smoking, frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages.

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There are various harmful physical factors in the passenger and work premises of the Moscow underground. Noise is the most common harmful factor. The normative documents regulating noise in the underground were found to have discrepancies, which in practice makes it difficult to define whether the level of the sound is in compliance with the existing specifications and hence to determine effective actions made to mitigate its negative impact on the underground passengers and personnel.

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The tasks required for the preservation of the health of rescuers can be accomplished with the creation of a system for medical examinations and rehabilitation that functions with commonly used methodological and organizational principles. Absence of such a common methodological platform often results in the disqualification of members of the special contingent and a mistake in the evaluation process that gives birth to serious medical and social problems. The specific character of the rescuers' activities during conditions associated with extraordinary situations necessitates the development of criteria-based evaluation systems for determining the prognosis, and the clinical, diagnostic, normative, and legal, medical, and social criteria that include methodological approaches that define the criteria to be used in the examinations. We propose that the concept of the professional health examinations becomes the methodological basis used for the medical examinations and rehabilitation of the rescuers.

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The activity of the enzymatic activity of the preparations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4, isolated from the blood of patients with acute virus hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis C resulting in cirrhosis, was studied. The blood samples were found to have DNAase activity significantly exceeding that of immunoglobulins isolated from the blood sera of healthy donors, as well as peroxidase, oxidase and esterase activities, whose level did not significantly differ from those of the donor blood sera. The interaction of IgG preparations with the cations of different metals was studied. The study revealed that the addition of CuSO4 solution at the final concentration of 4.7 x 10(-5) M to the blood samples led to a significant increase in activity in comparison with the initial one (on the average, 7.8 +/- 2.97 times) in all 14 samples. The activity thus observed was partially inhibited by the addition of the solution of staphylococcal protein A. As noted in the course of this study, high DNAase and peroxidase activities of Ig were most frequently observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The difference in the levels of IgG activity between patients with cirrhosis of the liver and patients with virus hepatitis, but no signs of cirrhosis, is not significant.

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Flying personal with chronic hepatitis received beta-caratinoid vetoron. The latter proved to be an effective immunomodulator improving lipid peroxidation, clinical and morphological characteristics in the personnel with chronic persistent hepatitis. Follow-up gives proves on longer physical fitness for service of those pilots who have taken beta-caratinoids.

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The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in flying personnel is presented. It is related to duration of service. Correction of lipid metabolism is made by enduracin, long-acting drug of nicotinic acid permitted for use in pilots.

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In the modern stage of the development of medical service the planning of preventive measures must be accompanied with prognostication and economic estimation of the expenses, as well as by veritable definition of the malady. The improvement of methodological approaches in planning is an important part of a system of prophylaxis of infectious diseases. The complex method of the analysis of epidemiological situation must provide for more effective fulfillment of tasks using short and long-term plans of prophylactic works.

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Among diseases causing pilot disqualification ahead of time the cardiovascular disorders amount to 60 percent. In this connection there has been generalized the experience of examining the Armed Forces Aviation pilots with cardiovascular disorders beginning from 1979 when by the order of the Ministry of Defence N 220 the Regulations of Aeromedical Examination of pilots have been come into force. The features of examining the pilots with cardiovascular disorders are presented. The present-day methods for the instrumental examination which have been tested in cardiology are systematized in an effort to use them during aeromedical examinations of the pilots. The algorithm of the examined pilots with cardiovascular disorders is set. For the first time the three main groups of approaches to the appraisal of partial or complete loss of the work capacity with known result of diseases. The proposed organization-and-methodologic approach to medical examination of the flying personnel with consideration for the features of stage diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders, individual assessment of their manifestations enables one to handle more qualitatively the aeromedical examination issues with the aim of maintaining the professional working capacity.

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The expert criteria with regard to the pilots with dissociation of atrioventricular conduction in the context of modern cardiological advancements are subject to the considerable improvement. It is demonstrated that the disqualification decision taken with regard to the individuals with the anomalies of conduction system depends not on the type of flying activities but on the paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. The required volume of examination which must include the modern cardiological methods of the noninvasive cardiologic study (ECG monitoring, echocardiography, transesophageal electrophysiological examination). The appropriate changes and improvements included in the Pilot Examination Regulation would take the valid expert decisions in intent to increase the professional longevity of the pilots.

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The article summarizes the results of examination of a considerable number of flight personnel of the Air Forces with cardiac conduction system abnormalities. The article contains peculiarities and algorithm of examination of such patients. New expert approaches are given concerning this kind of patients as well as methodic recommendations on their medical examination. The data which were obtained during this researches make it possible to improve the work of flight medical evaluation.

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(1) The works in the field of substantiating and implementing the systems of integrated (abiotic and biotic) monitoring of various parts of the Baikal Lake and of the Lake as a whole started at the beginning of seventies. It was then that basic principles of observational systems of the natural environment pollution in the Baikal Lake Region and also problems of the assessment of observational results in order to apply them to prediction and control were put forward in the course of discussing global and regional monitoring systems. (2) In the next few years coordinated field and theoretical research work within the framework of the problem was carried out. As a result it proved possible to scientifically substantiate and start the implementation of practical integrated monitoring programs on the Baikal Lake. Another result of this research was a development of methods for analysing and predicting the economic activities impact on the state of natural environment in the region (long-term prediction for 20-25 yr). (3) The Paper describes preliminary results of multidisciplinary researches in the aspect of synthesising these works into an integrate picture to substantiate the integrate monitoring in the Baikal Lake Region, including the following questions: - analysis of natural environment pollution sources in connection with the current and planned economic activities in the region; - hydrometeorological conditions and mathematical modelling of pollutant transfer in natural compartments (air and water flows, atmospheric precipitation, soils); - analysis of the existing system for environmental state observations; - description of ecological situations; - working out recommendations for the control of natural compartments pollution on the basis of pollutant balance and ecosystem response to pollution.

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