RESUMEN
AIMS: This study explores perspectives of on-pack alcohol warning labels, and how they might influence alcohol purchase and/or consumption behavior to inform culturally appropriate label design for effective behavior change. METHODS: New Zealand participants ≥18 years, who reported having purchased and consumed alcoholic beverages in the last month were recruited via a market research panel and grouped into 10 focus groups (n = 53) by ethnicity (general population, Maori, and Pacific peoples), age group, and level of alcohol consumption. Participants were shown six potential alcohol health warning labels, with design informed by relevant literature, label framework, and stakeholder feedback. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed via qualitative (directed) content analysis. RESULTS: Effective alcohol labels should be prominent, featuring large red and/or black text with a red border, combining text with visuals, and words like "WARNING" in capitals. Labels should contrast with bottle color, be easily understood, and avoid excessive text and confusing imagery. Participants preferred specific health outcomes, such as heart disease and cancer, increasing message urgency and relevance. Anticipated behavior change included reduced drinking and increased awareness of harms, but some may attempt to mitigate warnings by covering or removing labels. Contextual factors, including consistent design and targeted labels for different beverages and populations, are crucial. There was a strong emphasis on collective health impacts, particularly among Maori and Pacific participants. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that implementing alcohol warning labels, combined with comprehensive strategies like retail and social marketing campaigns, could effectively inform and influence the behavior of New Zealand's varied drinkers.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Bebidas Alcohólicas , Etiquetado de Productos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Nueva Zelanda , Persona de Mediana Edad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Adulto Joven , Grupos Focales , Anciano , Adolescente , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Investigación Cualitativa , PercepciónRESUMEN
Subacute arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, also known as Binswanger's disease, is a rare subtype of vascular dementia. A case of probable Binswanger's disease in a patient with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea is presented. Following the case presentation is a discussion of vascular dementia, with emphasis on Binswanger's disease, specifically the historical aspects, clinical features, neuroimaging and pathological features. Also covered is the correlation between hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for Binswanger's disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.