RESUMEN
HLA-F is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene. It codes class Ib MHC molecules with restricted distribution and less nucleotide variations than MHC class Ia genes. Of the 22 alleles registered on the IMGT database only four alleles encode for proteins that differ in their primary structure. To estimate genotype and allele frequencies, this study targeted on known protein coding regions of the HLA-F gene. Genotyping was performed by Sequence Base Typing (SBT). The sample was composed by 199-unrelated bone marrow donors from the Brazilian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME), Euro-Brazilians, from Southern Brazil. About 1673 bp were analyzed. The most frequent allele was HLA-F*01:01 (87.19%), followed by HLA-F*01:03 (12.31%), HLA-F*01:02 (0.25%) and HLA-F*01:04 (0.25%). Significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was verified between HLA-F and HLA classes I and II alleles. This is the first study regarding HLA-F polymorphisms in a Euro-Brazilian population contributing to the Southern Brazilian genetic characterization.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Bases de Datos de Ácidos Nucleicos , Genotipo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Polimorfismo Genético , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The present study investigated 23 SNPs in the 5'URR promoter region and the 14 bp ins/del polymorphism at the 3'UTR region of the HLA-G gene in 150 individuals with Afro-Brazilian ancestry. Three haplotypes were found to be the most frequent. Comparing these polymorphisms in other samples, our data suggest that Afro-Brazilians are more similar to the Euro-Brazilians than to Hutterite population.
Asunto(s)
Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Etnicidad/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Mutación INDEL , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Alelos , Brasil , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
HLA-DRB1*11:130, detected in a Euro-Brazilian female, presents a point mutation at codon 59.3 (GAGâGAC).
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad/métodos , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Exones/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
Climate change and variability are affecting human health and disease direct or indirectly through many mechanisms. Dengue is one of those diseases that is strongly influenced by climate variability; however its study in Central America has been poorly approached. In this study, we assessed potential associations between macroclimatic and microclimatic variation and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases in the main hospital of Honduras during 2010. In this year, 3,353 cases of DHF were reported in the Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa. Climatic periods marked a difference of 158% in the mean incidence of cases, from El Niño weeks (-99% of cases below the mean incidence) to La Niña months (+59% of cases above it) (p<0.01). Linear regression showed significantly higher dengue incidence with lower values of Oceanic Niño Index (p=0.0097), higher rain probability (p=0.0149), accumulated rain (p=0.0443) and higher relative humidity (p=0.0292). At a multiple linear regression model using those variables, ONI values shown to be the most important and significant factor found to be associated with the monthly occurrence of DHF cases (r²=0.649; ßstandardized=-0.836; p=0.01). As has been shown herein, climate variability is an important element influencing the dengue epidemiology in Honduras. However, it is necessary to extend these studies in this and other countries in the Central America region, because these models can be applied for surveillance as well as for prediction of dengue.
Asunto(s)
Clima , Dengue Grave/epidemiología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Honduras/epidemiología , Hospitales , Humanos , IncidenciaRESUMEN
The new allele presents a point mutation at codon 67.1 (ATCâCTC) resulting in a conservative change from isoleucine to leucine.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Brasil , Codón , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Exones , Femenino , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The new allele might have arisen from HLA-A*66:01 through a point mutation at codon 182.1 (ACGâGCG) resulting in a non-conservative change from threonine to alanine.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-A/clasificación , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Mutación Puntual , Donantes de Tejidos , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The new alleles, HLA-B*40:125 and HLA-B*40:129, present a mismatch at codon 103.1 (G â C) and three mismatches at codons 9.1 (C â T), 11.1 (T â G) and 12.1 (G â A).
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/etnología , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/inmunología , Brasil , Clonación Molecular , Etnicidad , Exones , Femenino , Sitios Genéticos , Antígenos HLA-B/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Nucleótidos/química , Nucleótidos/genética , Mutación Puntual , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Genético , Sistema de Registros , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Here we report the discovery of a novel HLA-B allele, named B*4212 in a Brazilian volunteer bone marrow donor. The new sequence has nucleotide variation at position 496 (TâG) as compared with B*4201. This variation results in a conservative amino acid substitution from valine to glycine at codon 165 of exon 3.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Médula Ósea , Brasil , Antígenos HLA-B/química , Antígenos HLA-B/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacteriaceae is the most prevalent resistance mechanism to third-generation cephalosporins. The aim of this study was to identify the ESBLs produced in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from two hospitals of the Colombian Caribbean Region. A total of 30 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (21) and E. coli (9) ESBL-producers were collected in two hospitals from January, 2001 to June, 2003. Isoelectric point values were indicative of SHV-, and CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. PCR amplification and sequencing of SHV genes revealed that SHV-12 was the most prevalent ESBL followed by SHV-5, SHV-2a, the novel SHV-86 and CTX-M-12. There was a geographic distribution of two particular PFGE subtypes in these two distant hospitals. Clonal and horizontal dissemination of resistance was observed.
Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/enzimología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Región del Caribe , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Hospitales , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
A novel human leukocyte antigen-B allele named B*18:35 was identified in a Brazilian volunteer bone marrow donor.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Médula Ósea , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Donantes de Tejidos , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Antígeno HLA-B18 , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
El incremento gradual de la población felina en Colombia y algunos países está acompañadode la aparición de enfermedades que ponen en riesgo la salud animal. El virus deinmunodeficiencia y la leucemia felina son las principales enfermedades retrovirales demayor morbilidad y mortalidad en los felinos, que requieren de un diagnóstico oportunoque permita prolongar la vida de estos animales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de cortetransversal que incluyó 60 gatos domésticos del área urbana de la ciudad de Montería procedentesde clínicas, consultorios veterinarios y viviendas familiares. El diagnóstico simultáneode leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina se realizó en muestras de suero y plasma porel inmunoensayo comercial SNAP combo FeLV Ag/ FIV Ab (Laboratories Idexx Toronto,Canadá). Los animales fueron sometidos a exámenes físicos y de laboratorio. La poblaciónestuvo conformada por 30 hembras y 30 machos en su mayoría menores de dos años. Laseroprevalencia fue del 23,3% (14/60) para leucemia felina, inmunodeficiencia felina 1,6%(1/60) y la seroprevalencia de doble infección por el virus de leucemia e inmunodeficienciafelina fue del 5% (3/60). Se realizó por primera vez el serodiagnóstico del virus de inmunodeficienciay leucemia felina en la población de gatos domésticos de la ciudad de Montería;se estableció una seroprevalencia del 23,3% y 1,6% respectivamente.
The gradual increment of the feline population in Colombia and some countries is associatedwith presence of diseases that care produce animal health risk. The virus of immunodeficiencyand the feline leukemia are the main retroviales diseases with high morbility andmortality in felines and they require of a right diagnostic that extend the felines life. A descriptivetransversal cut study was done, 60 urban domestic cats of Montería were included,animals were from clinics, veterinarian consults and familiar houses. The simultaneousdiagnostic of leukemia and feline immunodeficiency was carried out by using inmunoensayo SNAP combo FeLV Ag/FIV Ab (laboratories Idexx Toronto, Canadá) in samples ofserum and plasma. The animals were submitted to a physical and laboratory examinationthe population studied were 30 females and 30 males most of them minor of 2 years. Felineleukemia showed a seroprevalence of 23,3% (14/60), for feline immunodeficiency a seroprevalenceof 1,6% (1/60), and the prevalence of double infection for feline leukemia andimmunodeficiency was of 5% (3/60). The immunodeficiencys virus and feline leukemiadiagnostic was carry out for first time in the population of domestics cats in the city ofMontería and it established a seroprevalence of 23,3% and 1,6% respectively.
Asunto(s)
Gatos , Colombia , Gatos , Leucemia Felina , VirusAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/clasificación , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Serotipificación , Colombia , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Tuberculosis tests for antimicrobial susceptibility takes weeks. However, delayed therapy, can compromise the patient, as well as lead to an increase in disease incidence. Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis continues to be a leading cause of death in the world. The E-test is a new concept for Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) determinations for antimicrobial agents that is based on a predefined antibiotic gradient on a plastic strip calibrated with a continuous logarithmic MIC scale covering 15 two-fold dilutions. MICs of rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol were determined by using the E-test (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) for 30 clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from four hospitals, and were compared with the Bactec method. To make the inoculum with a turbidity equivalent to a McFarland 3.0 standard, we obtained a sample from an agar surface and the Bactec 460, as described by the manufacturer. Excellent agreement (100% for rifampin, 96.8% for ethambutol, and 90% for isoniazid) was demonstrated between the E-test MIC distributions and the Bactec interpretive criteria for all clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis tested. The E-test appears to be a good alternative method for testing the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to the three, most-commonly-used therapeutic agents.
Asunto(s)
Antituberculosos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Estimate under "real life" conditions the operating characteristics of several stool tests for determining whether a diarrheal episode is invasive-inflammatory. DESIGN: Determination of operating characteristics of diagnostic tests against a standard in a prospectively gathered sample. SETTING: The emergency room of the largest Social Security Pediatric Hospital in Colombia serving referred and nonreferred patients. PATIENTS: Stool samples from children attending the emergency room because of acute diarrhea (three or more loose stools per day lasting <7 days). Patients receiving antibiotics or antiparasitic medications were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Samples were collected in sterile containers and examined immediately for protozoa, fecal leukocytes, occult blood and lactoferrin. Specimens were inoculated onto culture media for common bacterial fecal pathogens except enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios of several cutoff levels for fecal lactoferrin, fecal leukocytes and occult blood. RESULTS: Stool samples from 500 infants and children with diarrhea were collected. Patients' median age was 2.66 years (range, 0.5 to 13 years), and 261 (52.2%) were males. In 155 (31%) cases enteroinvasive bacteria and/or Entamoeba histolytica were documented. Fecal leukocytes >5 had the best sensitivity (63.2%; 95% confidence interval, 55.4 to 70.5) and specificity (84.3%; 95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 87.9), although not statistically or clinically significantly different from lactoferrin. CONCLUSIONS: No single test or combination had satisfactory operating characteristics. Nevertheless the use of likelihood ratios derived here can help clinicians identify invasive-inflammatory diarrheal episodes in many instances.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Diarrea/etiología , Heces , Enfermedad Aguda , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Países en Desarrollo , Diarrea Infantil/etiología , Heces/química , Heces/citología , Heces/microbiología , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Lactoferrina/análisis , Recuento de Leucocitos , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Masculino , Sangre Oculta , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Lyme disease is an infectious multisystemic illness with dermatologic, neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatic manifestations. A total of 4,355 ticks was collected in Colombia, of which 2,805 were identified as Ixodes spp. The midgut contents of 2,600 specimens were fixed on microscope slides and examined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using monoclonal antibodies, anti-ospA H5332, and anti-flagellin 9724. All of the ticks examined by IFA tested negative.
Asunto(s)
Vectores Arácnidos/microbiología , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad de Lyme/epidemiología , Garrapatas/microbiología , Animales , Vectores Arácnidos/clasificación , Colombia , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Garrapatas/clasificaciónAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Escherichia coli O157/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia/epidemiología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Manipulación de Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective epidemiologic study was performed in cases and controls to detect the germ in fecal samples of 300 children with AGE in Bogotá, D.C. The stools of the patients and 85 controls were seeded in MacConkey-sorbitol agar. The sorbitol negative colonies were biotyped and seroagglutinated with a latex test for E. coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed after using the Bauer & Kirby method. RESULTS: Of the 300 diarrhea specimens analyzed, 14 strains corresponded to E. coli O157:H7 with a prevalence rate of 4.7% in children with AGE. The prevalence was 1.14%, the excess of risk of presenting E. coli O157:H7 was 14% in children with AGE. One child developed SUH. In three of the 85 controls E. coli O157:H7 was isolated, with a prevalence rate of 3.53%. The mean age of the 14 patients was 21 months (range: 3 months to 7 years) and the mean length of diarrhea in the children was 2 days. All the isolations of E. coli O157:H7 were sorbitol negative and indol negative with only 2 strains being MUG negative. DISCUSSION: This epidemiologic study has, for the first time, demonstrated the strong prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in Colombia. The clinical data do not show a common pattern. Whether the strains isolated in the study are verotoxin producers remains to be demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Escherichia coli O157/aislamiento & purificación , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia/epidemiología , Diarrea Infantil/epidemiología , Diarrea Infantil/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Femenino , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the catalase test as a screening method in urinary tract infection (UTI) versus sediment, reactive strip and Gram. METHODS: Two hundred forty-five's stain urine samples were prospectively analyzed in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá (Colombia). The culture was used as a reference test for the evaluation of the screening parameters in UTI patients. RESULTS: Of the 245 urine samples 45 were discarded. The remaining 200 urine samples were cultured being 100 positive and 100 negative. The former were analyzed by screening methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the catalase test was 97% and 94%, respectively with a positive predictive value of 94% and negative of 97%. The most frequently isolated microorganism was E. coli (84%), followed by Proteus sp. (6%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the catalase test in urinary tract infection is a safe, economic and rapid method providing advantages due to its high sensitivity and specificity values, its good correlation with the different parameters evaluated in this study (sediment, strip, Gram's stain), and offers optimum diagnosis in urinary tract infection in developing countries such as Colombia.