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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pulp vitality in teeth adjacent to the cleft area submitted to orthodontic movement into the alveolar graft area in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). DESIGN: Cold sensitivity, vertical, and horizontal percussion tests were conducted on the teeth adjacent to the cleft and the contralateral teeth. SETTING: Endodontics Sector in the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP). PATIENTS: One hundred patients with CUCLP and hypodontia of the upper lateral incisor in orthodontic movement and after successful alveolar bone graft in the cleft area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cleft study group (SG) was composed of 200 teeth, adjacent to the cleft area. The control group (CG) consisted of 200 contralateral teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test for comparisons between groups (P < .05). RESULTS: In the SG, 82.0% of teeth presented positive response to the cold sensitivity testing, 13.5% had negative response, and 4.5% had marked response, with statistically significant difference in relation to the CG. The vertical and horizontal percussion tests on teeth in the SG revealed the same results, in which 95.0% presented negative response and 5.0% responded positively, without significant difference compared to teeth in the CG, for both tests. CONCLUSIONS: Teeth adjacent to the cleft area presented changes in the physiological conditions of the pulp, which were observed by reduction of positive response to the cold sensitivity testing or presence of pulp hypersensitivity in cases of marked response.

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BACKGROUND: Dental treatment is fundamental in the rehabilitation of individuals with orofacial clefts, due to their oral condition; when indicated, endodontic therapy allows elimination of infection of the root canal system. Aim: To analyze, by a retrospective study, the most prevalent type of orofacial cleft, the etiological factors most commonly related to the endodontic treatment need, as well as their success and failure rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study analyzed data from 136 records (76 females and 60 males) with mean age of 19 years and 7 months, who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected including the type of cleft, etiological factors that led to the need of endodontic treatment, as well as their success and failure rates. The statistical analysis was performed by the chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's Exact and Batista Pike tests. RESULTS: Among the etiological factors, were pulp involvement due to caries, endodontic treatment for prosthetic rehabilitation, tooth resorptions, for orthodontic movement, dental trauma and indication of internal tooth bleaching; the most prevalent factor was pulp involvement due to caries. Among all data analyzed, cleft lip and palate presented the highest percentage, and there was predominance of treatment success compared to failure. CONCLUSIONS: The well-conducted root canal treatment is necessary for dental rehabilitation, maintaining the masticatory function and esthetic harmony of these individuals. Key words:Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Endodontics.

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Background. Dental hypersensitivity is due to the exposure of the dentin layer after wear of enamel or cementum, exposing the dentinal tubules and the nerve endings of odontoblasts within these tubules. The present study aimed to assess the factors related to dental hypersensitivity in individuals with cleft lip and palate and the most common therapy received. Methods. The medical records of 536 patients with cleft lip and/or palate (281 males, 255 females) with a mean age of 18 were analyzed in a single center. The inclusion criterion was patients reporting dental hypersensitivity from May 2015 to October 2019. The origin of dental hypersensitivity was evaluated considering orthodontic movement, periodontal diseases, and reversible and irreversible pulpitis. The therapy indicated by the dental professionals for dental hypersensitivity were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results. Of 61 teeth with dental hypersensitivity, 10 were attributed to orthodontic movement, 21 to periodontal problems, 27 to reversible pulpitis, and three to irreversible pulpitis. The most used therapies were the application of fluoride varnish and prophylaxis, dentifrice indication for dental sensitivity, free gingival grafts, pulpectomy, desensitizing agent application, conservative endodontic treatment (direct pulp protection), and restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. Conclusion. Reversible pulpitis was the most prevalent etiologic factor of dental hypersensitivity in individuals with cleft lip and palate. Dentifrices for dental sensitivity and fluoride varnish application were frequently recommended.

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Resumen Introducción: El oscurecimiento de un diente anterior interfiere negativamente en el aspecto de la sonrisa, y varias son las causas que pueden ser responsables por este oscurecimiento. Objetivo: Describir las técnicas de blanqueamiento mixto e inmediato a través del reporte de dos casos clínicos. Caso 1: Individuo de sexo masculino, con Síndrome de Treacher Collins, se quejó sobre alteración cromática del diente 33, verificada mediante examen clínico, radiográficamente presencia de tratamiento endodóntico satisfactorio. Por lo que fue planeado el blanqueamiento interno mediante técnica mixta. Caso 2: Individuo de sexo masculino, con Síndrome de Apert reportó cambio cromático en el diente 22, observado en el examen clínico, radiográficamente presentando tratamiento endodóntico insatisfactorio. Se realizó retratamiento endodóntico y a los 6 meses se realizó blanqueamiento interno mediante técnica inmediata. Conclusión: El blanqueamiento dental ejecutado con las técnicas mixtas e inmediatas, devuelve la armonía de la sonrisa, recuperando el color ideal y elevando la autoestima a los pacientes.

Resumo Introdução: O escurecimento de um dente anterior interfere negativamente na aparência do sorriso, e várias são as causas que podem ser responsáveis por esse escurecimento. Objetivo: Descrever as técnicas clareadoras mista e imediata através do relato de dois casos clínicos. Caso 1: Indivíduo do gênero masculino com Síndrome de Treacher Collins, queixou-se de alteração cromática no dente 33, constatado no exame clínico, radiograficamente apresentando tratamento endodôntico satisfatório. O clareamento interno foi planejado e realizado pela técnica mista. Caso 2: Indivíduo do gênero masculino, com Síndrome de Apert, relatou alteração cromática no dente 22, constatado ao exame clínico, apresentando tratamento endodôntico insatisfatório. Foi realizada a reintervenção endodôntica e após 6 meses, foi realizado clareamento interno pela técnica imediata. Conclusão: O uso das técnicas clareadoras mista e imediata, resulta na devolução da harmonia do sorriso, recuperando a coloração ideal e devolvendo a autoestima aos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction: The darkening of a single anterior tooth negatively affects the smile's appearance, and several factors may cause this darkening. Objective: To describe the mixed and immediate bleaching techniques by reporting two clinical cases. Case 1: A male individual with Treacher Collins Syndrome. He complained of chromatic alteration in tooth 33, which was verified on clinical examination. X-ray imaging showed satisfactory endodontic treatment. Internal bleaching was performed with the mixed technique. Case 2: A male individual with Apert Syndrome reported chromatic alteration in tooth 22, observed on clinical examination. X-ray imaging showed unsatisfactory endodontic treatment. Endodontic retreatment was performed. Six months later, internal whitening was performed immediately. Conclusion: The use of mixed and immediate whitening techniques restores the smile's harmony, the tooth's ideal color, and patients' self-esteem.

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CONTEXT: Well-conducted endodontic therapy is necessary for the dental rehabilitation of the individuals with cleft lip and palate. AIM: The aim of this study was to verify the success and failure index of endodontic treatments performed in the Endodontic Sector of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, (HRAC/USP), Bauru, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preservation records (at least 2 years) of the endodontic treatments performed in the HRAC/USP were verified, indicating the success or failure of the treatment, and these treatments were divided into three groups (vital pulp, necrotic pulp, and endodontic retreatment). The Chi-square statistical test was applied with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 1216 endodontic treatments were quantified with a minimum of 2 years of prenatal care at HRAC/USP. The vital pulp group had a success rate of 99.4% (535 treatments) and 0.6% failure (3 treatments), 98.6% of success in the necrotic pulp group (577 treatments) and 1.4% failure (8 treatments), and 95.6% success rate (89 treatments) and 4.4% failure (4 treatments) in the endodontic reintervention group. CONCLUSION: From the results found, we can conclude that there was a high success rate in the treatments and endodontic retreatments performed in the Endodontics Sector of the HRAC/USP, considering that well-conducted endodontic therapy is extremely important in the oral rehabilitation of individuals with cleft lip and palate.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate dental phenotypes in individuals with non-syndromic Pierre Robin Sequence (ns-PRS) and compare the prevalence of these phenotypes with subjects with non-syndromic cleft palate (ns-CP) and a control group with subjects without any craniofacial anomalies. METHODS: A total of 760 panoramic radiographs of 330 individuals (110 with ns-PRS; 110 with ns-CP and 110 without any malformations) were digitized and evaluated regarding the diagnosis of taurodontism, tooth agenesis, root dilaceration and tooth transposition. Chi-square test was applied to compare the occurrence of dental phenotypes between groups. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Total prevalence of dental phenotypes was 94.5% of ns-PRS; 54.5% of ns-CP and 59.1% of the control group subjects with a statistically significant difference for the ns-PRS when compared to the other two groups. Two dental phenotypes, taurodontism and dental agenesis were identified with statistically significant higher prevalences in subjects with ns-PRS when compared with the ns-CP group and the control group (p < 0.001). Taurodontism was the most prevalent dental phenotype, with 92.73% in the ns-PRS group, 40.91% for ns-CP and 44.55% in the control group. Tooth agenesis had a prevalence of 22.7% for ns-PRS, 4.5% for ns-CP and no case in the control group. For the prevalence of root dilaceration and tooth transposition, no statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high frequency of taurodontism in individuals with ns-PRS, we suggested that this novel phenotype would be important in the phenotypic screening of ns-PRS and could be considered as a phenotype associated with ns-PRS.

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Introduction: chromatic alterations in devitalized teeth are not rare, being a common cause of aesthetic dissatisfaction on the part of the patient. In endodontically treated teeth that present chromatic alterations, the endodontist should select the whitening agent and the most prudent technique for the resolution of each case. Objective: to emphasize, through the report of two clinical cases, that internal bleaching techniques, whether immediate or mixed, can achieve success when indicated and performed correctly. Case reports: Case 1 - Female subject with incomplete labiopalatine fissure reported a complaint of chromatic alteration in the crown of the tooth 22, found on clinical examination presenting unsatisfactory endodontic treatment. Endodontic reintervention was successfully performed through 2 years of proservation and internal bleaching was performed through the immediate bleaching technique. Case 2 - Male subject with complete unilateral left cleft lip and palate and a history of endodontic treatment in the dental element 21 which presented yellowish staining, internal bleaching was performed by the mixed technique. In both cases, results were successful. Final considerations: bleaching in devitalized teeth using the immediate and mixed whitening techniques recovered the ideal coloration of the dental elements.Introdução: alterações cromáticas em dentes desvitalizados não são raras, sendo motivo comum de insatisfação estética por parte do paciente. Diante do dente tratado endodonticamente que apresenta alteração cromática, o endodontista deve eleger o agente clareador e a técnica mais prudente para resolução de cada caso. Objetivo: enfatizar, através do relato de dois casos clínicos, que as técnicas de clareamento interno, independente se imediata ou mista, podem alcançar o sucesso quando indicadas e realizadas corretamente. Re lato de casos: Caso 1 - indivíduo do gênero feminino com fissura labiopalatina incompleta relatou queixa de alteração cromática na coroa do dente 22, constatado ao exame clínico apresentando tratamento endodôntico insatisfatório. A reintervenção endodôntica foi realizada com sucesso comprovada por meio de proservação durante 2 anos e o clareamento interno foi realizado através da técnica clareadora imediata. Caso 2 - Indivíduo do gênero masculino com fissura labiopalatina completa unilateral esquerda e histórico de tratamento endodôntico no elemento dentário 21 que apresentava coloração amarelada realizou-se o clareamento interno pela técnica mista. Em ambos os casos, o sucesso foi alcançado. Considerações finais: o clareamento em dentes desvitalizados valendo-se da utilização das técnicas clareadoras imediata e mista recuperou a coloração ideal dos elementos dentários.

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Introdução: o transplante dentário autógeno é uma alternativa às terapias protética, ortodôntica e/ou implantodôntica para a reabilitação dentária; consiste na extração do órgão dentário e reposicionamento imediato em outro alvéolo. O sucesso é determinado pela adaptação tecidual; na ausência desta ou presença de sintomas é necessária a terapia endodôntica. Objetivo: descrever o tratamento endodôntico em dentes transplantados, destacando as peculiaridades da terapia apropriada e a importância do tratamento multidisciplinar. Relato de caso clínico: trata-se do dente pré-molar inferior esquerdo que foi transplantado na posição do incisivo central superior esquerdo em indivíduo de 11 anos, com fissura labiopalatina. Após 2 meses do transplante, a paciente referiu dor espontânea, sendo encaminhada para avaliação endodôntica. Radiograficamente observou-se imagem sugestiva de lesão periapical, realizados os testes diagnósticos, planejou-se o tratamento endodôntico, biomecânica associada à medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio. Foram realizadas 3 trocas de medicação bimestralmente; frente a ausência de sinais e sintomas, os canais foram obturados. Exames de proservação foram realizados a cada 6 meses no primeiro ano e depois, anualmente. Após 17 anos, se observou ausência de sintomatologia e de alterações periapicais, indicando o sucesso da terapia. Conclusões: nos casos de transplante dentário autógeno onde existe elevada ocorrência de reabsorção externa, o tratamento endodôntico associado à medicação com hidróxido de cálcio, é uma conduta clínica adequada para o sucesso da terapia instituída(AU)

Introducción: el reimplante dental autógeno es una alternativa de las terapias protésica, ortodóntica y/o implantología para rehabilitación dental; consiste en la extracción del órgano dentario y reposición inmediata en otro alvéolo. El éxito es determinado por la adaptación de los tejidos; en ausencia de esta o presencia de síntomas es necesaria la terapia endodóntica. Objetivo: describir el tratamiento endodóntico en diente reimplantado, destacando las peculiaridades de la terapia apropiada y la importancia del tratamiento multidisciplinar. Presentación del caso: se trata de un diente premolar inferior izquierdo que fue reimplantado en la posición del incisivo central superior izquierdo en un individuo de 11 años, con labio y paladar hendido. Después de 2 meses del reimplante, la paciente refirió dolor espontáneo, quien fue referida para evaluación endodóntica. Radiográficamente se observó imagen sugestiva de lesión periapical. Una vez realizadas las pruebas diagnósticas, se planeó el tratamiento endodóntico, preparo biomecánico asociado a medicación intraconducto con hidróxido de calcio. Fueron realizados tres cambios de medicación bimestralmente; frente a ausencia de señales y síntomas, los conductos fueron obturados. Exámenes de controles clínicos fueron realizados cada 6 meses en el primer año y después, anualmente. Luego de 17 años de control, se observa ausencia de sintomatología y de alteraciones periapicales, lo que indica el éxito del tratamiento. Conclusiones: en los casos de reimplante dental autógeno donde existe elevada ocurrencia de resorción externa, el tratamiento endodóntico asociado a medicación con hidróxido de calcio, es una conducta clínica adecuada para el éxito da terapia ejecutada(AU)

Introduction: autogenous dental reimplantation is an alternative of prosthetic, orthodontic and/or implantologic therapies for dental rehabilitation; it consists in the extraction of the dental organ and its immediate replacement into another alveolus. Success is determined by the adaptation of tissues; in the absence of this or the presence of symptoms, endodontic therapy is necessary. Objective: to describe the endodontic treatment in reimplanted tooth, highlighting the peculiarities of the appropriate therapy and the importance of the multidisciplinary treatment. Case presentation: this is a lower left premolar tooth that was reimplanted at the position of the upper left central incisor in an 11-year-old individual with cleft lip and palate. After two months of reimplantation, the patient reported spontaneous pain, and who was referred for endodontic evaluation. An image suggestive of periapical lesion was radiographically observed. Once the diagnostic tests were performed, the endodontic treatment was planned, a biomechanical preparation associated with intraconductive medication with calcium hydroxide. Three medication changes were made bimonthly; in the absence of signs and symptoms, the ducts were blocked. Clinical control exams were performed every six months in the first year and then annually. After 17 years of control, there is an absence of symptoms and periapical alterations, which indicates the success of the treatment. Conclusions: in cases of autogenous dental reimplantation where there is high occurrence of external resorption, the endodontic treatment associated with medication with calcium hydroxide is an appropriate clinical behavior for the success of the therapy performed(AU)

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Introdução: o transplante dentário autógeno é uma alternativa às terapias protética, ortodôntica e/ou implantodôntica para a reabilitação dentária; consiste na extração do órgão dentário e reposicionamento imediato em outro alvéolo. O sucesso é determinado pela adaptação tecidual; na ausência desta ou presença de sintomas é necessária a terapia endodôntica. Objetivo: descrever o tratamento endodôntico em dentes transplantados, destacando as peculiaridades da terapia apropriada e a importância do tratamento multidisciplinar. Relato de caso clínico: trata-se do dente pré-molar inferior esquerdo que foi transplantado na posição do incisivo central superior esquerdo em indivíduo de 11 anos, com fissura labiopalatina. Após 2 meses do transplante, a paciente referiu dor espontânea, sendo encaminhada para avaliação endodôntica. Radiograficamente observou-se imagem sugestiva de lesão periapical, realizados os testes diagnósticos, planejou-se o tratamento endodôntico, biomecânica associada à medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio. Foram realizadas 3 trocas de medicação bimestralmente; frente a ausência de sinais e sintomas, os canais foram obturados. Exames de proservação foram realizados a cada 6 meses no primeiro ano e depois, anualmente. Após 17 anos, se observou ausência de sintomatologia e de alterações periapicais, indicando o sucesso da terapia. Conclusões: nos casos de transplante dentário autógeno onde existe elevada ocorrência de reabsorção externa, o tratamento endodôntico associado à medicação com hidróxido de cálcio, é uma conduta clínica adequada para o sucesso da terapia instituída(AU)

Introducción: el reimplante dental autógeno es una alternativa de las terapias protésica, ortodóntica y/o implantología para rehabilitación dental; consiste en la extracción del órgano dentario y reposición inmediata en otro alvéolo. El éxito es determinado por la adaptación de los tejidos; en ausencia de esta o presencia de síntomas es necesaria la terapia endodóntica. Objetivo: describir el tratamiento endodóntico en diente reimplantado, destacando las peculiaridades de la terapia apropiada y la importancia del tratamiento multidisciplinar. Presentación del caso: se trata de un diente premolar inferior izquierdo que fue reimplantado en la posición del incisivo central superior izquierdo en un individuo de 11 años, con labio y paladar hendido. Después de 2 meses del reimplante, la paciente refirió dolor espontáneo, quien fue referida para evaluación endodóntica. Radiográficamente se observó imagen sugestiva de lesión periapical. Una vez realizadas las pruebas diagnósticas, se planeó el tratamiento endodóntico, preparo biomecánico asociado a medicación intraconducto con hidróxido de calcio. Fueron realizados tres cambios de medicación bimestralmente; frente a ausencia de señales y síntomas, los conductos fueron obturados. Exámenes de controles clínicos fueron realizados cada 6 meses en el primer año y después, anualmente. Luego de 17 años de control, se observa ausencia de sintomatología y de alteraciones periapicales, lo que indica el éxito del tratamiento. Conclusiones: en los casos de reimplante dental autógeno donde existe elevada ocurrencia de resorción externa, el tratamiento endodóntico asociado a medicación con hidróxido de calcio, es una conducta clínica adecuada para el éxito da terapia ejecutada(AU)

Introduction: autogenous dental reimplantation is an alternative of prosthetic, orthodontic and/or implantologic therapies for dental rehabilitation; it consists in the extraction of the dental organ and its immediate replacement into another alveolus. Success is determined by the adaptation of tissues; in the absence of this or the presence of symptoms, endodontic therapy is necessary. Objective: to describe the endodontic treatment in reimplanted tooth, highlighting the peculiarities of the appropriate therapy and the importance of the multidisciplinary treatment. Case presentation: this is a lower left premolar tooth that was reimplanted at the position of the upper left central incisor in an 11-year-old individual with cleft lip and palate. After two months of reimplantation, the patient reported spontaneous pain, and who was referred for endodontic evaluation. An image suggestive of periapical lesion was radiographically observed. Once the diagnostic tests were performed, the endodontic treatment was planned, a biomechanical preparation associated with intraconductive medication with calcium hydroxide. Three medication changes were made bimonthly; in the absence of signs and symptoms, the ducts were blocked. Clinical control exams were performed every six months in the first year and then annually. After 17 years of control, there is an absence of symptoms and periapical alterations, which indicates the success of the treatment. Conclusions: in cases of autogenous dental reimplantation where there is high occurrence of external resorption, the endodontic treatment associated with medication with calcium hydroxide is an appropriate clinical behavior for the success of the therapy performed(AU)

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Os indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina apresentam maior incidência de anomalias dentárias, levando a maior dificuldade na reabilitação dos mesmos. No seguinte relato de caso, descreve-se o sucesso da terapia endodôntica frente a um caso de radix entomolaris (raiz supranumerária) em um molar inferior; a intervenção endodôntica foi realizada num indivíduo do gênero feminino, 23 anos de idade, leucoderma, com fissura pós-forame incisivo incompleta, matriculada no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP). O planejamento do caso foi o tratamento endodôntico radical, visto que o diagnóstico era de pulpite irreversível. Na análise radiográfica foi constatada a presença de uma raiz supranumerária. Realizou-se abertura coronária, e posteriormente foi localizado um canal excêntrico do lado lingual, confirmando a suspeita da imagem radiográfica inicial (radix entomolaris). Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados utilizando o sistema rotatório Hyflex CM, associado à irrigação passiva com ultrassom e hipoclorito de sódio concentrado a 1%. Todos os canais foram obturados com cones de guta-percha #40 com conicidade 0.04 e cimento AH Plus, utilizando a técnica de cone único. Na radiografia de controle de 6 meses, o dente encontrava-se restaurado, sem rarefação periapical visível radiograficamente e assintomático, o que presume o sucesso do tratamento...

In individuals with cleft lip/palate there is an increased incidence of dental anomalies, which can hamper the management in oral rehabilitation of these patients. The following case report describes the success of an endodontic therapy in a case of radix entomolaris (supernumerary root) on a lower molar. Endodontic treatment was carried out in a twentythree-year-old woman, leucoderma, with incomplete post foramen cleft, registered in the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of São Paulo (HRAC/ USP). The treatment plan was radical endodontic treatment, whereas the diagnosis was acute irreversible pulpitis. Based on the radiographic analysis, supernumerary root could be observed. Coronal opening was held, an eccentric canal on the lingual side was placed, confirming the initial radiographic image (radix entomolaris). The root canals were instrumented using the rotary system HyFlex CM, combined with a passive irrigation with ultrasound and 1% sodium hypochlorite. All root canals were filled with gutta-percha cones # 40 with taper 0.04 and sealer AH Plus, using the single cone technique. Six months later, the tooth was restored and through the control radiograph it could be observed healthy periapical tissue around the roots. The individual was also asymptomatic, assuming that the treatment was successful...

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