RESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os padrões de desempenho dos testes Functional Reach e Lateral Reach em uma amostra de indivíduos saudáveis de 20 a 87 anos e verificar a influência do gênero, idade, estatura do indivíduo, peso corporal, comprimentos do braço e do pé. MÉTODO: foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 98 pessoas de ambos os gêneros, que residiam na capital e interior de São Paulo. Os voluntários tiveram suas medidas descritivas registradas e posteriormente foram submetidos aos testes Functional Reach e Lateral Reach. RESULTADOS: Para o FR, todas as variáveis tiveram influência, exceto o comprimento do braço (p=0,057), o peso corporal (p=0,746) e a base de suporte usada no momento da avaliação (p=0,384). As variáveis que exerceram maior influência foram o gênero (p=0,001), a idade (p<0,001) e a estatura (p=0,004) do indivíduo. Esta análise mostrou que as mulheres têm um alcance funcional anterior e lateral menor que os homens. Houve uma correlação positiva substancial (r=0,696) entre os valores encontrados no LR à esquerda e à direita. Já o FR teve uma correlação positiva moderada de 0,405 com o LR à esquerda e de 0,614 à direita, sendo então, considerada positiva substancial. Para o LR, as variáveis estatura, peso, comprimentos do braço e do pé não foram significantes na sua determinação. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão de medidas dos testes FR e LR utilizados pela literatura internacional não podem ser os mesmos para os brasileiros. As principais medidas que influenciam os testes são a idade, o gênero e a estatura.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance in the functional reach test (FR) and lateral reach test (LR) among a sample of healthy individuals aged 20 to 87 years and to verify the influence of gender, age, height, body weight, arm length and foot length. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 98 people of both genders living in the city of São Paulo and other places in the State of São Paulo. The volunteers were measured and then underwent FR and LR. RESULTS: All the variables had an influence on FR, except arm length (p=0.057), body weight (p=0.746) and the support base used at the time of assessment (p=0.384). The variables exerting greatest influence were the individual's gender (p=0.001), age (p<0.001) and height (p=0.004). This analysis showed that women had less anterior and lateral functional reach than men. There was a substantial positive correlation (r=0.696) between the left and right LR findings. FR had a moderate positive correlation of 0.405 with the left LR and a substantial positive correlation of 0.614 with the right LR. For LR, the height, weight, foot length and arm length variables were not significant determinants. CONCLUSION: The measurement patterns for FR and LR that are used in the international literature may not be the same for Brazilians. The main measurements that influence the tests are age, gender and height.
RESUMEN
Extracellular matrix proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in cell differentiation and synaptogenesis by modulating neurite outgrowth. The chondroitin sulfate (CS)-rich PG, the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/beta (RPTP zeta/beta), has been related to neural morphogenesis and axon guidance. Hippocampal sclerosis is the most frequent pathologic finding in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), which is associated with neuron loss, reactive gliosis, and mossy fiber sprouting. In the present study, we investigated the concentration of CS, heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the hippocampus and temporal neocortex as well as RPTP zeta/beta expression in the hippocampus of patients with MTLE. Compared to autopsy control tissue, epileptic hippocampi showed a significantly increased concentration of CS (224%; p=0.0109) and HA (146%; p=0.039). HS was instead similar to control values. No differences were found in the concentration of CS, HS, or HA in the temporal neocortex of epileptic patients when compared to control values. In contrast, RPTP zeta/beta immunoreactivity was induced in astrocytes of the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the sclerotic hippocampus. Because matrix compounds have been associated with tissue injury and repair, the present findings suggest that changes in PGs and GAGs might be related to damage-induced gliosis and neuronal reorganization in the hippocampus of MTLE patients.