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Metathelazia capsulata is a lungworm that inhabit in the bronchi and bronchioles from mammal carnivore species, which life cycle is unknown. M. capsulata-like spirurid nematodes were isolated at necropsy from the respiratory tract of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Region of Murcia (SE Spain). The main objective of this study was to describe in detail the morphometric features of these nematodes, as well as to report some molecular markers. The principal morphometric difference compared to previous M. capsulata descriptions was the shorter total length for both males and females (6.6 mm and 7.4 mm, respectively). In addition, the mean values of buccal cavity depth and distance between the excretory pore and the anterior end of the nematode were also lower than those previously reported. On the other hand, sequence data of the mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (rDNA) genes of M. capsulata were described, being the first time that molecular markers are reported for the genus Metathelazia and also for the entire family Pneumospiruridae. Based on data available from GenBank, these results indicate that M. capsulata sequences are closely related to the family Rhabdochonidae, which is assumed to belong to superfamily Thelazioidea, a superfamily including the family Pneumospiruridae, but also suggest the distant relations with the family Thelaziidae. This is the first time that M. capsulata is reported in red fox from Europe. This study provides valuable information for future phylogenetic studies on Metathelazia spp. nematodes and, in general, on species of the family Pneumospiruridae.
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Nematodos , Thelazioidea , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , Zorros , Filogenia , Europa (Continente) , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The use of fluoride is known to reduce the risk of dental caries. There is limited information on the relationship between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and fluoride exposure. This study investigated the association between the count of S. mutans on supragingival biofilm and fluoride exposure of scholar children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 56 children from 9 to 11 years of age were selected. Fluoride concentration in drinking water, urine and saliva of each participant were assessed. The count of S. mutans was estimated by calculating the DNA copy number through a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Also, sociodemographic data, oral and general health information and variables related to caries risk were evaluated. A stepwise multiple linear regression was performed in all caries related predictor variables with the count of S. mutans as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of fluoride in saliva (ßâ¯=â¯-3.029, pâ¯<â¯0.001) and urine (ßâ¯=â¯-2.057, pâ¯=â¯0.017), time of last visit to the dentist (ßâ¯=â¯1.968, pâ¯=â¯0.001), plaque index (ßâ¯=â¯1.637, pâ¯=â¯0.006) and number of surfaces with codes 3-6 (D3-6MFS) of ICDAS II criteria (ßâ¯=â¯0.283, pâ¯=â¯0.076) were significantly associated with the count of S. mutans (Adjusted R squareâ¯=â¯0.427, pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSION: Fluoride levels in urine and saliva were negatively associated with the count of S. mutans in supragingival biofilm. Plaque index, D3-6MFS and time of last visit to the dentist showed a positive association.
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Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has a high recurrence rate after renal transplantation, which significantly impacts renal graft survival. However, the factors related to recurrence remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to analyze focal segmental recurrence and evolution of glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study involving 88 adults who underwent renal transplantation within a 15-year period. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the occurrence of graft loss, were analyzed. Over the study period, 88 patients with a diagnosis of FSGS after transplantation were identified. Results: The mean age of the patients (n=54, males) was 29.1 years. Transplants with deceased donors predominated (60.9%). Calcineurin and prednisone inhibitors were present in 96.4% of the initial immunosuppression regimens. The mean time of onset of proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/g was 20.51 days. At 60 months after transplantation, 44.16% of the patients had partial remission, 25.97% had complete remission, and 29.87% had no remission. However, 50.60% of the patients developed graft loss throughout the analyzed period. Eight patients (9.4%) died within 60 months, of which five (62.5%) were attributed to infection. Conclusion: Our results indicate that FSGS after renal transplantation is a disease of high recurrence that is commonly precocious, and the histological alterations in light microscopy are not simultaneous to the appearance of proteinuria. Hypertension is considered a risk factor causing progression and recurrence. Thus, prospective studies are required to better evaluate progression and recurrence factors.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the patterns of alcohol consumption among nursing students. METHODOLOGY: descriptive, cross-sectional study, 433, university students, undergraduate nursing course, Spain; 2015-2016, application of the AUDIT questionnaire and some questions from SIVFRENT-A, SPSS analysis. RESULTS: 100% women, average age 21 years, 77.6% consumed alcohol in the last 12 months; 62.1% in the previous 30 days and 9.3% consumed it daily, 55.6% started drinking between 15 and 17 years. CONCLUSION: it is possible to describe and understand the behavior of nursing students regarding alcohol consumption, clearly addressing the issues in the scarcity of basic education for the prevention of excessive drinking and the strengthening of responsible drinking, reflected in the early onset of drinking. alcohol, a risk factor for excessive alcohol consumption in adulthood and future professional difficulties
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/prevención & control , Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , Mujeres/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Estudiantes de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Degeneración Macular/diagnóstico , Degeneración Macular/tratamiento farmacológico , Agudeza Visual , Porfirinas/uso terapéutico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Lingual congenital cysts are uncommon lesions that alter the functions of speech, swallowing and breathing when they have considerable dimension. They usually appear from birth and increase in size gradually in childhood and adolescence. While there are a considerable number of case reports, the nomenclature and origin of this lesion are controversial. Congenital lingual cysts are composed of an epithelial lining that can show heterogeneous histological features, such as globed, ciliated, squamous and parietal cells, while the wall presents mature connective tissue and eventually smooth muscle. In the present manuscript, we report a case of a congenital lingual cyst in a 13-year-old boy, as well as the immunoexpression of MUC family proteins (MUC-1 and MUC-5AC), hoping to provide data that will help to clarify the possible etiology of this lesion.
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Quistes/congénito , Quistes/diagnóstico , Mucina 5AC/metabolismo , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Lengua/congénito , Enfermedades de la Lengua/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Quistes/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Suelo de la Boca/patología , Mucina 5AC/análisis , Mucina-1/análisis , Enfermedades de la Lengua/metabolismoRESUMEN
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Humanos , Niño , Trastornos Respiratorios/epidemiología , Apnea Central del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Polisomnografía , Factores de Riesgo , Examen Físico/métodos , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
In this study we determined the concentration of 9 trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se and Zn) in whole blood of children (n=100, 64 girls, 36 boys and median age: 36 months) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The proportion of children potentially deficient in essential elements or poisoned by toxic elements was evaluated. The aging effects on the concentration of these elements were also investigated. The median values were 3.17µg/L (As), 0.15µg/L (Cd), 1.1mg/L (Cu), 2.1µg/L (Hg), 10.4µg/L (Mn), 17.7µg/L (Mo), 8.7µg/dL (Pb), 10.7µg/L (Se) and 5.0mg/L (Zn). The concentration of many elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) showed significant age variations but not sex influence. Regarding levels of the essential elements (Cu, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn), B-Cu, B-Mn, B-Se and B-Zn were in the normal range, whereas exceeded levels were observed for B-Mo. None of these children was deficient in essential elements. Except B-Cd, all toxic elements showed exceeded blood levels. The proportion of children potentially poisoned by toxic elements varies from 10% (n=10) to 95% (n=95) and depends on toxic element: 95% for As, 10% for Hg and 35% for Pb. The main health concerns emerging from this study are the high As, Hg and Pb exposures of the Kinshasan children requiring further documentation, corrective actions and the implementation of appropriate regulations.
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Metales Pesados/sangre , Oligoelementos/sangre , Arsénico/sangre , Cadmio/sangre , Preescolar , Cobre/sangre , República Democrática del Congo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Plomo/sangre , Masculino , Manganeso/sangre , Mercurio/sangre , Molibdeno/sangre , Zinc/sangreRESUMEN
Parece que los hábitos dietéticos de la población europea no son los ideales, por lo que la promoción de una dieta saludable es cada vez más importante. La población universitaria, se sabe que es un grupo vulnerable desde el punto de vista nutricional, y a la vez es crítico para el desarrollo de buenos hábitos dietéticos que repercutirán en su salud futura. Y es que en este periodo, se saltan comidas, picotean entre horas, se decantan por la comida rápida y consumen frecuentemente alcohol. El objetivo de estudio el análisis de la ingesta dietética de estudiantes de enfermería. De un total de 210 alumnos de 1º de Enfermería, consintieron participar en el estudio que se realizó en primavera, 68 alumnos (14 varones y 54 mujeres), con una edad media en ambos sexos de 22-24 años. Se rea lizó un cuestionario de hábitos y de recuerdo de 3 días, junto a la medición antropométrica y un estudio analítico. La transformación de alimentos en nutrientes se realizó con el programa DIAL. A partir de la encuesta de recuerdo de 3 días, se estimó el Índice de calidad de la dieta (ICD). El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con el programa SPSS vs. 17.0. El nivel de significación estadística empleado fue p< 0,05. Los resultados obtenidos son preliminares de un estudio a 3 años. La prevalencia de bajo peso es semejante en ambos sexos (7,1%), sin embargo el sobrepeso/obesidad es casi el doble en varones (50%) frente a las mujeres (28,6%). El consumo energético se distribuye en ambos sexos: 36% de lípidos, 17-18% de proteínas y 43-44% de hidratos de carbono. La valoración nutricional refleja probable déficit en ambos sexos de consumo en ácido fólico, vitaminas D y E y calcio; en cuanto al hierro se aprecia déficit en mujeres. En ambos sexos el ICD es aceptable. El 36,2% de las mujeres y el 28,6% de los varones presentan valores séricos bajos de vitamina D menor de 20 ng/mL. Existe un aporte desequilibrado de macronutrientes y de grasas saturadas, así como de algunos micronutrientes. Por ello, cree mos que es importante implantar programas de salud durante la etapa universitaria, a fin de evitar las conductas de riesgo (dieta no saludable) y de promover hábitos de saludables, independientemente del lugar habitual de alimentación (universitario o no) (AU)
It seems that the dietary habits of the European population are not ideal, so that the promotion of a heal - thy diet is increasingly important. The university population is a vulnerable group from the nutritional point of view, yet it is critical to develop good eating habits that will affect their future health. Our research project was carried out to a diverse group of college students Nursing at the University (14 men and 54 women). The objective of this project was to meet the nutritional status of the same, their dietary habits and knowledge about a healthy diet and include therein a health program based on identified needs to learn, develop and acquire the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary to follow a balanced diet and achieve a healthy lifestyle, taking ownership and responsibility for their health. The project included blood samples to each of the students to see if eating habits significantly influenced their analytical parameters and detect possible alterations in terms of vitamins, iron, cholesterol, etc. A questionnaire on eating habits with 3 days record questionnaire, next to the anthropometric measurement and launched the educational program to try to answer if adequate health education about lifestyle and nutrition and adequate dietary intake, changes significantly reduce the analytical parameters included (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Trastornos Nutricionales/epidemiología , Conducta Alimentaria , Encuestas Nutricionales/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Estudiantes de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Vitaminas en la Dieta/análisis , Hierro de la Dieta/análisis , Selenio/análisisRESUMEN
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the degree and duration of alterations in physiological variables routinely gathered by intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring systems during the first day of admission to the ICU, together with a few additional routinely recorded data, yield information similar to that obtained by traditional mortality prediction systems. Design: A prospective observational multicenter study (EURICUS II) was carried out. Setting: Fifty-five European ICUs. Patients: A total of 17,598 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU over a 10-month period. Interventions: None. Main variables of interest: Hourly data were manually gathered on alterations or "events" in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation throughout ICU stay to construct an events index and mortality prediction models. Results: The mean first-day events index was 6.37±10.47 points, and was significantly associated to mortality (p: <0.001), with a discrimination capacity for hospital mortality of 0.666 (area under the ROC curve). A second index included this first-day events index, age, pre-admission location, and the Glasgow coma score. A model constructed with this second index plus diagnosis upon admission was validated by using the Jackknife method (Hosmer-Lemeshow,H: =13.8554, insignificant); the area under ROC curve was 0.818. Conclusions: A prognostic index with performance very similar to that of habitual systems can be constructed from routine ICU data with only a few patient characteristics. These results may serve as a guide for the possible automated construction of ICU prognostic indexes (AU)
Objetivo: Comprobar si el grado y duración de las alteraciones en las variables fisiológicas recogidas en la monitorización rutinaria en UCI durante el primer día de estancia, junto con pocos datos adicionales, proporcionan información similar a la obtenida con los sistemas tradicionales de predicción de mortalidad. Diseño: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico (EURICUS-II). Ámbito: 55 UCIs de Europa. Pacientes: 17.598 pacientes consecutivos, ingresados durante 10 meses. Intervenciones: ninguna. Variables de interés principales: se recogieron manualmente datos horarios sobre alteraciones o "eventos" en la presión arterial sistólica, frecuencia cardiaca y saturación de oxígeno, para construir un índice basado en estos eventos y un modelo de predicción de mortalidad. Resultados: El índice de eventos el primer día fue 6,37±10,47 puntos y se asoció significativamente con la mortalidad (p<0,001), con una capacidad de discriminación (área bajo la curva ROC) para la mortalidad de 0.666. Se construyó un segundo índice que incluye este índice de eventos en el primer día, la edad, procedencia del ingreso y puntuación de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow. Un modelo construido con este segundo índice más el diagnóstico fue validado mediante el método jackknife (Hosmer-Lemeshow, H=13.8554, no significativo), con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,818. Conclusiones: Se puede construir un índice pronóstico con rendimiento similar al de los sistemas habituales a partir de los datos de monitorización de los pacientes en la UCI junto a escasas características del paciente. Nuestros resultados pueden servir de guía para la posible construcción automatizada de índices pronósticos (AU)
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Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Enfermedad Crítica/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Case Report. A 47-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed several placoid, pigmented lesions in the posterior pole and midperiphery of the retina of both eyes. Results. Patient referred a cutaneous malignant melanoma on the back skin removed 6 years ago. A systemic workup revealed multiple metastases in liver and spleen. After an exhaustive study we concluded that it was a dissemination of a cutaneous malignant melanoma with bilateral choroidal metastases, liver and spleen metastases. The patient obtained clinical ocular improvement after palliative chemotherapy, although he died in the following months. Pathological examination of the lesions confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal metastases from a malignant cutaneous melanoma. Conclusions. Monitoring patients who have had cutaneous malignant melanoma is very important, since melanoma metastases may occur even many years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. Choroidal metastases from cutaneous melanoma are uncommon but we should be aware because their appearance worsens prognosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the degree and duration of alterations in physiological variables routinely gathered by intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring systems during the first day of admission to the ICU, together with a few additional routinely recorded data, yield information similar to that obtained by traditional mortality prediction systems. DESIGN: A prospective observational multicenter study (EURICUS II) was carried out. SETTING: Fifty-five European ICUs. PATIENTS: A total of 17,598 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU over a 10-month period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Hourly data were manually gathered on alterations or "events" in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation throughout ICU stay to construct an events index and mortality prediction models. RESULTS: The mean first-day events index was 6.37±10.47 points, and was significantly associated to mortality (p<0.001), with a discrimination capacity for hospital mortality of 0.666 (area under the ROC curve). A second index included this first-day events index, age, pre-admission location, and the Glasgow coma score. A model constructed with this second index plus diagnosis upon admission was validated by using the Jackknife method (Hosmer-Lemeshow, H=13.8554, insignificant); the area under ROC curve was 0.818. CONCLUSIONS: A prognostic index with performance very similar to that of habitual systems can be constructed from routine ICU data with only a few patient characteristics. These results may serve as a guide for the possible automated construction of ICU prognostic indexes.
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Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Signos Vitales , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Paracoccidioidomicosis/patología , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/patología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/complicaciones , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/patología , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Biopsia con Aguja Fina/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Paracoccidioidomicosis/complicaciones , Sulfadimetoxina/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/tendencias , Colitis Isquémica/epidemiología , Colonoscopía/métodos , Colonoscopía/tendencias , Colonoscopía/historia , Enfermedades Intestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Intestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Intestinales/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The origin of spindle cells (SC) in oral Kaposi's sarcoma (OKS) is still an intriguing aspect. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of OKS and oral pyogenic granuloma (OPG), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the cells involved in Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. METHODS: In this retrospective, observational and comparative study, 39 OKS and 30 OPG cases were included. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for vimentin, alpha SMA, desmin, C-kit, CD34, D2-40 and LANA-1 [human herpesvirus-8(HHV-8)]. Statistical comparisons were done using the chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank sum tests. RESULTS: Fourteen (35.9%) OKS cases also affected the skin, and 83.8% involved the palate. All OKS and OPG were positive for vimentin and CD34. OKS samples were positive for alpha SMA, and 25.6% expressed C-kit. All OKS cases were positive for HHV-8, and the number of positive cells increased significantly from early / intermediate to late histological stage. D2-40 was expressed in the cellular component and vascular walls of all OKS cases, but it was negative in OPG. HHV-8 expression was increased in late histological stages of OKS lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of D2-40 marker in the vascular walls and SC supports the view of a lymphatic differentiation in neoplastic cells of OKS. Desmin, alpha SMA, D2-40, C-kit and HHV-8 were the main markers differently expressed in OKS and OPG.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Endotelio Linfático/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patología , Actinas/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/análisis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino , Antígenos CD34/análisis , Diferenciación Celular , Linaje de la Célula , Desmina/análisis , Granuloma Piogénico/metabolismo , Granuloma Piogénico/patología , Herpesvirus Humano 8/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Boca/metabolismo , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/química , Neoplasias de la Boca/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/análisis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/química , Sarcoma de Kaposi/complicaciones , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virología , Vimentina/análisisRESUMEN
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Estudiantes de Medicina/clasificación , Apoyo a la Formación Profesional/métodos , Apoyo a la Formación Profesional/organización & administración , Educación Médica/métodos , Educación Médica/organización & administración , Retroalimentación , Tecnología/educación , Evaluación de la Tecnología Biomédica/métodos , Materiales de EnseñanzaRESUMEN
The concept of continuity of care by intensivists as an element of quality control in the medical care of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients surviving multiple organ dysfunction syndrome has led to a rethinking of the ICU model in recent years. We discuss the rationale to design and implement a hospital-based, prospective, randomized, multicenter Intervention/Control study in order to estimate the impact of an interdisciplinary intervention during the post-ICU recovery phase on medium-term medical outcomes in ICU patients with multiple organ dysfunction.