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Forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), body weight, standing and sitting height, and chest dimensions were measured in 962 male and 674 female subjects aged between 9 and 20 years. Standing height and body weight correlated best with ventilatory indices in boys. In girls, standing height, body weight and chest circumference correlated more or less equally with ventilatory indices. Regression analysis of logarithmically transformed FEV1 on standing height were done. In the boys, the correlation coefficient between In FEV1 and in height increased from 0.34 at 9 years to 0.77 at 13 years of age, while girls appear to have reached a peak by 12 years of age. The mean allometric constant was 3.109 and 3.032 for male and female subjects respectively. However, age-specific allometric constants increased in the boys from 2.846 to a peak value of 4.045 at 16 years of age. In the girls, the constant increased to a peak value of 4.5 a year earlier than in boys. The log-log plot of FEV1 against standing height was nonlinear, becoming more curvilinear with increasing height. These findings reflect changes in body proportions and shape during adolescence with lung growth lagging behind growth in standing height.

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Data on ventilatory function with particular reference to forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1 expressed as percentage of FVC (FEV1%FVC) were obtained in 1413 healthy Tanzanian school children aged between 8 and 18 years. All subjects were nonsmokers and had neither symptoms nor history of cardiopulmonary diseases. Subjects in this study were significantly smaller in stature (P less than 0.05) and had smaller FVC and FEV1 (P less than 0.001) compared to values reported in children of comparable age and stature in the west. Lung volumes could best be described as a power function of standing height (y = a.Hb). The power derived from ln FVC on ln H were 3.39 and 3.24 for boys and girls respectively, while the power derived from ln FEV1 on ln H were 3.11 and 3.03 for boys and girls respectively. Constructed prediction formulae gave FEV1 and FVC which showed good agreement with FEV1 and FVC computed from prediction equations based on a similar mathematical model for black children in the Caribbean.

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Rats were subjects to right hemicolectomy (including removal of the caecum), left hemicolectomy or subtotal colectomy. Body weight resumed and maintained a rate of increase very similar to that in control rats. After hemicolectomy, food intake showed no change. Faecal weight increased by about one-third after right hemicolectomy, but did not increase after left hemicolectomy. After right hemicolectomy, the remaining--that is, downstream--portion of the colon showed increase in weight, and so did the (upstream) small intestine, in which the increase involved all three-thirds of its length and was predominantly mucosal. No such changes in the remaining colon or in small intestine were found after left hemicolectomy. After subtotal hemicolectomy, rats ate 30-40% more food than control rats, and faecal weight increased 60% at three months after operation. Study of energy intake and output indicated diminished absorption. All three-thirds of the small intestine showed increase in weight, predominantly mucosal in the upper two-thirds and predominantly seromuscular in the lowest third; villi were taller at all levels. Evidence suggests that the increase in food intake is not due to cessation of coprophagy, and that the small intestine changes are not due solely to increased food intake and occur when the colon is bypassed but not removed.

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