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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) requires consistent medication adherence to Imatinib (IM) for optimal outcomes, however, adherence to oral chemotherapy is challenging. This observational study explores the relationship between patient knowledge, motivation, and adherence to IM therapy, and their collective impact on clinical outcomes. A prospective, observational study was conducted with 101 CML patients. The 6-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-6) was used to assess adherence, motivation, and knowledge levels. The study found that high motivation was significantly associated with lower BCR-ABL expression (p = 0.025). Patients with high knowledge and motivation had a 71% favorable response rate, compared to 0% in those with low knowledge and motivation (p = 0.01). As conclusion both patient motivation and knowledge are crucial for favorable treatment outcomes in CML. High levels of both significantly correlate with better clinical responses. Tailored interventions to enhance patient knowledge and motivation are essential.
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BACKGROUND: Different materials have been used as wound dressings after vital pulp therapies. Some of them have limitations such as delayed setting, difficult administration, slight degree of cytotoxicity, crown discoloration and high cost. Therefore, to overcome these disadvantages, composite scaffolds have been used in regenerative dentistry. This study aims to construct and characterize the physicochemical behavior of a novel injectable alginate hydrogel loaded with different bioactive glass nanoparticles in various concentrations as a regenerative pulpotomy filling material. METHODS: Alginate hydrogels were prepared by dissolving alginate powder in alcoholic distilled water containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG NPs) or boron-doped MBG NPs (BMBG NPs) at 10 and 20 wt% concentrations. The mixture was stirred and incubated overnight in a water bath at 50 0 C to ensure complete solubility. A sterile dual-syringe system was used to mix the alginate solution with 20 wt% calcium chloride solution, forming the hydrogel upon extrusion. Then, constructed hydrogel specimens from all groups were characterized by FTIR, SEM, water uptake percentage (WA%), bioactivity and ion release, and cytotoxicity. Statistical analysis was done using One-Way ANOVA test for comparisons between groups, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Alginate/BMBG loaded groups exhibited remarkable increase in porosity and pore size diameter [IIB1 (168), IIB2 (183) (µm)]. Similarly, WA% increased (~ 800%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Alginate/BMBG loaded groups exhibited the strongest bioactive capability displaying prominent clusters of hydroxyapatite precipitates on hydrogel surfaces. Ca/P ratio of precipitates in IIA2 and IIB1 (1.6) were like Ca/P ratio for stoichiometric pure hydroxyapatite (1.67). MTT assay data revealed that the cell viability % of human gingival fibroblast cells have declined with increasing the concentration of both powders and hydrogel extracts in all groups after 24 and 48 h but still higher than the accepted cell viability % of (Ë70%). CONCLUSIONS: The outstanding laboratory performance of the injectable alginate/BMBGNPs (20 wt%) composite hydrogel suggested it as promising candidate for pulpotomy filling material potentially enhancing dentin regeneration in clinical applications.
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Alginatos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Boro , Dentina , Hidrogeles , Nanopartículas , Alginatos/química , Humanos , Boro/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Porosidad , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Materiales , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Pulpa Dental/citología , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Endodoncia Regenerativa/métodos , Vidrio/química , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Cerámica/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The removal of adhesive remnants after bracket debonding has been shown to cause damaging effects on the enamel surface. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of stained adhesive remnant removal (ARR) on enamel roughness compared to translucent composite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty extracted premolar teeth were divided equally into three groups; conventional composite control group (CC), stained composite group (SC) and stained bonding solution group (SB). The buccal surface of each tooth was cleaned, dried and the surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a contact prophylometer (T0). After bracket debonding, a high-speed carbide bur under a water-cooling system was used for ARR in one direction and the time consumed for ARR was recorded. After ARR, the second mean Ra values were recorded (T1). The samples were then polished using polishing paste with low-speed rubber cup and the third mean Ra values were recorded (T2). RESULTS: Repeated one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the mean Ra values at T0, T1 and T2 within each group PË0.05. A statistically significant difference in the changes of the mean Ra values after ARR (T1-T0) and after polishing (T1-T2) was found between the CC group and both SC and SB groups. A significant difference in the time consumed for ARR was found between the three groups with CC group being the most time-consuming group. CONCLUSION: Stained composite material followed by the stained bonding solution provided better visibility during ARR with lower mean Ra values and less time for ARR compared totranslucent composite material.
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This study aimed to elucidate the possible hepatocellular protective role of irbesartan during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the probable underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: sham; HIRI (control); irbesartan (50 mg/kg) + HIRI; irbesartan (100 mg/kg) + HIRI; irbesartan + GW9662 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) + HIRI. Rats pretreated orally with irbesartan or vehicle for 14 days underwent 45-min hepatic ischemia followed by 60-min reperfusion. Irbesartan preconditioning diminished alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum levels, and reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Irbesartan decreased proapoptotic BAX (bcl-2-like protein 4), increased anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) hepatic content, and thereby reduced BAX/BCL2 ratio. Moreover, irbesartan preconditioning reduced autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and LC3 II, and elevated p62 (protein responsible for autophagosome degradation). It elevated proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) hepatic gene expression. Also, hepatic protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) and caspase-3 were lessoned by irbesartan pretreatment in HIRI rats. However, GW9662 abrogated irbesartan's effect on HIRI. The protective effect of irbesartan on HIRI may be mediated by alleviation of ERK, STAT3, and PPAR-γ inflammatory pathways, exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects in HIRI in rats.
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The successful treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still a big challenge. Rivastigmine is one of the most used drugs for the treatment of AD. The short half-life, lower bioavailability, and less concentration of the drug in the brain after oral delivery are considered the main drawbacks of rivastigmine. To improve these drawbacks, nanostructure-mediated drug delivery has gained more attention. This study investigates the effect of rivastigmine-loaded in optimized chitosan nano-particles (RS-CSNPs) as polymeric nano-carriers by different administration routes (oral and intranasal) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer-like disease in rat. The model was established by giving rats 100 mg/kg/b.wt of AlCl3 orally for 3 months. Then the experimental rats were treated with RS-CSNPs either orally or intranasally for 75 days. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry of Tau expression in brain tissue, and gene expression of Caspase-3, NF-κB, and Nrf-2 were carried out. The therapeutic agents used decreased the alterations observed in AlCl3 group with improvement in the neuronal viability. In addition to low expression of tau protein, down-regulation of caspase-3 and NF-κB genes and up-regulation of Nrf-2. RS-CSNPs alleviated the progression of AD presumably via blocking the inflammatory cascade and decreasing the oxidative stress process. The intranasal route is superior to the oral one and promising in AD management.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine overproduction that led to myelin sheath inflammatory assaults, thus causing axonal destruction. The former consequently provokes motor impairment and psychological disorders. Markedly, depression is one of the most prevalent lifelong comorbidities that negatively impacts the quality of life in MS patients. Vortioxetine (VTX), a multi-modal molecule prescribed to manage depression and anxiety disorder, additionally, it displays a promising neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. To this end, the present study investigated the potential therapeutic efficacy of VTX against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in mice. Notably, treatment with VTX significantly ameliorated EAE-induced motor disability, as evident by enhanced performance in open field, rotarod and grip strength tests, alongside a reduction in immobility time during the forced swimming test, indicating a mitigation of the depressive-like behavior; outcomes that were corroborated with histological examinations and biochemical analyses. Mechanistically, VTX enhanced serotonin levels by inhibiting both serotonin transporter (SERT) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, thereby promoting the activation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor. The latter triggered the stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) cascade that entailed activation/phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). This activation increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) contents that mitigated demyelination in the corpus callosum. Furthermore, VTX suppressed phospho serine 536 nuclear factor kappa B (pS536 NF-κB p65) activity and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production. The results underscore VTX's beneficial effects on disease severity in EAE model of MS in mice by amending both inflammatory and neurodegenerative components of MS progression.
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Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Serotonina , Transducción de Señal , Vortioxetina , Animales , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/patología , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratones , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Serotonina/metabolismo , Vortioxetina/farmacología , Vortioxetina/uso terapéutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerosis Múltiple/metabolismo , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Aim: The indandione nucleus, is one of the most amazing nuclei in medicinal chemistry, is used to design new derivatives.Methods & materials: Novel indandione derivatives are prepared with different electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to yield 3, 4, 8, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. Compounds 8, 11, 16, 20 and 23 are investigated against OVCAR-3 and HeLa, using LLC-MK2 and cis-Pt as references. in silico and spectral studies were analyzed for the selected compounds.Results: Compounds 20 and 23 at 100 ns were the most potent compounds, so molecular dynamics studies were performed.Conclusion: Compound 23 was the most active toward the HeLa cervical cell line, and compound 20 was the most active toward the Ovcar-3 cell line.
[Box: see text].
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Antineoplásicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Tiofenos/química , Tiofenos/síntesis química , Tiofenos/farmacología , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/síntesis química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Estructura Molecular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células HeLa , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Indanos/química , Indanos/síntesis química , Indanos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: It is well known that depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness are interrelated; however, studies that have assessed their association with the coronavirus outbreak are scarce. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the impulsivity incidence and its correlation with anxiety and depression following COVID-19 infection between November 2022 and June 2023. Materials and Methods: The 201 participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and short UPPS-P scales (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) to allow us to determine their anxiety and depression symptoms, functional impairment, and impulsivity, respectively. Results: Among our respondents, 22%, and 26.7% had moderate to severe anxiety and depression. The short UPPS-P scale significantly correlated with the HAM-A and HDRS scales. Participants with positive COVID-19 infection showed significantly higher functional impairment scores, especially in the work/study domain (mean (SD): 3.12 (2.2) vs. 2.43 (2.3); p = 0.037). COVID-19-related disruption significantly correlated with negative and positive urgency, HAM-A, HDRS, and the SDS total and subscales. Conclusions: Our findings showed a notable increase in anxiety, depression, and functional impairment among the population following COVID-19 infection. Our research highlights the correlation between impulsivity and the psychological distress experienced following the pandemic.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Depresión , Conducta Impulsiva , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Egipto/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , IncidenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (ACR-TIRADS) and the Bethesda system for reporting cytopathology (TBSRCP) classifications for identifying or ruling out thyroid malignancy in relation to the gold standard (post-surgical pathology). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 573 patients with single or multiple thyroid nodules. Patients were evaluated using the TIRADS and the TBSRCP classification. The data from a cohort of patients who underwent surgery (77/573, 13.4%) were correlated with post-operative pathology and the relevant clinical features of the patients. RESULTS: Of 573 patients, 545 (95.1%) were euthyroid, 24 (4.1%) were hypothyroid, and 4 (0.8%) were hyperthyroid; 419 (73.1%) had benign nodules (Bethesda II), 115 (20.1%) had intermediate (Bethesda III, IV), and 39 (6.8%) had Bethesda V and VI nodules. Four-hundred twenty (73.3%) patients were categorized as TIRADS 2,3, and 153 (26.7%) were categorized as TIRADS 4,5. The Bethesda and TIRADS classifications concorded significantly in thyroid nodule diagnosis (K=14.9%, P<0.001).Thyroid malignancy was significantly associated with microcalcification and interrupted halo, while benign nodules were significantly associated with macrocalcification and complete halo type (P=0.041, P=0.005, respectively). The TBSRCP could significantly detect malignant thyroid nodules with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 64.1%, 98.1%, 85.0%, and 94.1%, respectively (K=88.2%, P<0.001), while the respective values for the TIRADS classification were 63.5%, 76.0%, 84.6%, and 50.0% (K=34.8%, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The TIRADS and TBSRCP are essential primary steps for evaluating thyroid nodules and both are complimentary. Hence, each patient with thyroid nodules should be evaluated by both approaches before opting for surgery. Highly suspicious TIRADS categories TR4 and TR5 need further evaluation by fine needle aspiration cytology.
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Atresia is a process in ovarian follicles that is regulated by hormone-induced apoptosis. During atresia, granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is a key mechanism orchestrated through diverse signaling pathways. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) signaling within ovarian GCs has been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of follicular atresia in cattle, pigs, and sheep. The present work aimed to investigate the potential local regulatory role of CART in GC apoptosis-induced follicular atresia in buffalo, focusing on the modulation of the AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin signaling pathways, which are the intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell viability. Our findings revealed increased expression of CARTPT and BAX and decreased levels of AKT, ß-catenin, and CYP19A1 genes in atretic follicles compared to healthy follicles. Subsequently, CART treatment in the presence of FSH inhibited the FSH-induced increase in GC viability by reducing estradiol production and increasing apoptosis. This change was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression levels of both CARTPT and BAX. At the protein level, treatment with CART in the presence of FSH negatively affected the activity of AKT, ß-catenin, and LEF1, while the activity of GSK3ß was enhanced. In conclusion, our study shows how CART negatively influences buffalo GC viability, underlying the modulation of the AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway and promoting apoptosis-a key factor in follicular atresia.
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BACKGROUND: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) dependence is increasingly prevalent among young individuals globally, with limited understanding of their potential detrimental effects. Therefore, we conducted this comparative study to assess impulsivity and non-suicidal self-harm behavior in patients with SCs dependence. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We conducted this comparative, case-control study in the outpatient clinics of (Beni-suef University Hospital). We recruited 30 patients with SCs dependence and the 30 healthy subjects as a control group. Psychometric scales, including Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11), Deliberate Self-harm Inventory-Short Version (DSHI), SCID I, SCID II, and drug urine screen, were applied to compare the two study arms. RESULTS: DSHI-s scores were significantly higher between the two study arms (3.23 ± 4.97 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0, p < 0.001, for cases and controls, respectively). Similarly, the mean ± SD score of the BIS scale was significantly higher in cases 68.13 ± 9.75 compared to the control group (45.67 ± 5.12) with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Using the regression analysis, we observed a significant positive linkage between age, duration of substance use, DSHI-s, and the Barratt scale. CONCLUSION: Patients with synthetic cannabis addiction exhibited more impulsivity and self-harm behaviors compared to healthy controls. The adverse effects of substance use disorder escalated, notably in individuals classified as having severe addiction based on the Addiction Severity Index. Age and length of substance use were found to be potential factors influencing the level of impulsivity and self-harm actions.
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The tick Amblyomma lepidum is an ectoparasite of veterinary importance due to its role in transmitting livestock diseases in Africa, including heartwater. This study was conducted in 2023 to monitor Amblyomma spp. infestation in dromedary camels imported from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Sudan to Egypt. This study inspected 200 camels at the Giza governorate's camel market that had been imported from Somalia, 200 from Ethiopia, and 200 from Sudan for tick infestation. Specimens were identified using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the 12S and 16S rRNA genes. Clusters were calculated using an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram to group the specimens according to their morphometric characteristics. The morphometric analysis compared the body shape of ticks collected from different countries by analyzing dorsal features. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were performed to obtain body shape variation among specimens from different countries. Results indicated that camels were infested by 57 males Amblyomma lepidum, and no female specimens were observed; among these specimens, one may have a morphological abnormality. The results suggest that A. lepidum specimens collected from camels imported to Egypt from African countries exhibit locally adapted morphology with variations among specimens, particularly variations in body size. This adaptation suggests minimal potential for genetic divergence. Ecological niche modeling was used to predict the areas in Africa with suitable climates for A. lepidum. The study confirmed that East African countries might have the most favorable climatic conditions for A. lepidum to thrive. Interestingly, the amount of rain during the wettest quarter (Bio16) had the strongest influence on the tick's potential distribution, with suitability decreasing sharply as rainfall increased. Future predictions indicate that the climatic habitat suitability for A. lepidum will decrease under changing climate conditions. However, historical, current, and future predictions indicate no suitable climatic habitats for A. lepidum in Egypt. These findings demand continuous surveillance of A. lepidum in camel populations and the development of targeted strategies to manage tick infestations and prevent the spread of heartwater disease.
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Amblyomma , Camelus , Cambio Climático , Filogenia , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Animales , Camelus/parasitología , Egipto , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/parasitología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Masculino , Amblyomma/anatomía & histología , Amblyomma/genética , Amblyomma/fisiología , Amblyomma/clasificación , Amblyomma/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , SudánRESUMEN
Five new pyridazine scaffolds were synthesized and assessed for their inhibitory potential against both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) compared with indomethacin and celecoxib. The majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated a definite preference for COX-2 over COX-1 inhibition. Compounds 4c and 6b exhibited enhanced potency towards COX-2 enzyme with IC50 values of 0.26 and 0.18 µM, respectively, compared to celecoxib with IC50 = 0.35 µM. The selectivity index (SI) of compound 6b was 6.33, more than that of indomethacin (SI = 0.50), indicating the most predominant COX-2 inhibitory activity. Consequently, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of compound 6b was comparable to that of indomethacin and celecoxib and no ulcerative effect was detected upon the oral administration of compound 6b, as indicated by the histopathological examination. Moreover, compound 6b decreased serum plasma PEG2 and IL-1ß. To rationalize the selectivity and potency of COX-2 inhibition, a molecular docking study of compound 6b into the COX-2 active site was carried out. The COX-2 inhibition and selectivity of compound 6b can be attributed to its ability to enter the side pocket of the COX-2 enzyme and interact with the essential amino acid His90. Together, these findings suggested that compound 6b is a promising lead for the possible design of COX-2 inhibitors that could be employed as safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Piridazinas , Piridazinas/farmacología , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/química , Animales , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Estructura Molecular , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Humanos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/inducido químicamente , Ratas , Masculino , Ciclooxigenasa 1/metabolismo , RatonesRESUMEN
Cancer is a threatening disease that needs strong therapy with fewer side effects. A lot of different types of chemotherapy or chemo-drugs are used in cancer treatments but have many side effects. The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms requires more study of new antimicrobial compounds and delivery and targeting strategies. This work aims to isolate and identify Azotobacter sp., and extract alginate from Azotobacter sp. As well as fabricating selenium nanoparticles using ascorbic acid as reducing agent (As/Se-NPs), and loading extracted alginate with selenium nanoparticles (Alg-Se-NCMs). The As/Se-NPs and Alg-Se-NCMs were categorized by TEM, EDX, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, and zeta potential. The antifungal activities of both As/Se-NPs and Alg-Se-NCMs were investigated against some human pathogen fungi that cause skin infection such as Aspergillus niger (RCMB 002005), Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB 002008), Cryptococcus neoformans (RCMB 0049001), Candida albicans (RCMB 005003), and Penicillium marneffei (RCMB 001002). The anticancer activities were determined against HCT-116 colorectal cancer and Hep G2 human liver cancer cells. UV spectra of As/Se-NPs and Alg-Se-NCMs confirmed a surface plasmon resonance at 269 and 296 nm, and zeta potential has negative charges -37.2 and -38.7 mV,. Both As/Se-NPs and Alg-Se-NCMs were hexagonal, size ranging from 16.52 to 97.06 and 17.29 to 44.2. Alg-Se-NCMs had anticancer activities against HCT-116 and HepG2. The Alg-Se-NCMs possessed the highest antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, followed by Aspergillus niger, but did not possess any activities against Penicillium marneffei. Alginate-capped selenium nanoparticles can be used as antifungal and anticancer treatments.
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Ancient Egyptians (including Bedouins and Nubians) have long utilized Ziziphus spina-christi (L.), a traditional Arabian medicinal herb, to alleviate swellings and inflammatory disorders. It is also mentioned in Christian and Muslim traditions. Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Family: Rhamnaceae) is a plentiful source of polyphenols, revealing free radical scavenging, antioxidant, metal chelating, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, different classes of the existing bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the first time. The study also aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in an experimental mouse model. 32 male Swiss Albino mice were assigned into 4 groups; the first and second were the normal control group and the bleomycin positive control (single 2.5â¯U/kg bleomycin intratracheal dose). The third and fourth groups received 100 and 200â¯mg/kg/day Z. spina-christi L. extract orally for 3 weeks, 2 weeks before bleomycin, and 1 week after. The bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. extract were identified as phenolic acids, catechins, flavonoids, chalcones, stilbenes, triterpenoid acids, saponins, and sterols. The contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found to be 196.62â¯mg GAE/gm and 33.29â¯mg QE/gm, respectively. In the experimental study, histopathological examination revealed that lung fibrosis was attenuated in both Z. spina-christi L.- treated groups. Z. spina-christi L. extract downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and decreased levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in lung tissue. Z. spina-christi L. also downregulated the expression of the fibrotic parameters collagen-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and SMAD3, with upregulation of the antifibrotic SMAD7 in lung tissue. Overall, the present study suggests a potential protective effect of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through regulation of the TGF-ß1/SMAD pathway.
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Bleomicina , Extractos Vegetales , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Smad , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Ziziphus , Animales , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Masculino , Ziziphus/química , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Metabolómica/métodos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating consequence of sepsis, accompanied by high mortality rates. It was suggested that inflammatory pathways are closely linked to the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. Inflammatory signaling, including PCSK9, HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase-1 and Fractalkine/CX3CR1 are considered major forerunners in this link. Alirocumab, PCSK9 inhibitor, with remarkable anti-inflammatory features. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of alirocumab against E. coli in vitro. Additionally, evaluation of the potential nephroprotective effects of alirocumab against LPS-induced AKI in rats, highlighting the potential underlying mechanisms involved in these beneficial actions. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were assorted into three groups (n=12). Group I; was a normal control group, whereas sepsis-mediated AKI was induced in groups II and III through single-dose intraperitoneal injection of LPS on day 16. In group III, animals were given alirocumab. The results revealed that LPS-induced AKI was mitigated by alirocumab, evidenced by amelioration in renal function tests (creatinine, cystatin C, KIM-1, and NGAL); oxidative stress biomarkers (Nrf2, HO-1, TAC, and MDA); apoptotic markers and renal histopathological findings. Besides, alirocumab pronouncedly hindered LPS-mediated inflammatory response, confirmed by diminishing HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and caspase-1 contents; the gene expression of PCSK9, RAGE, NF-á´B and Fractalkine/CX3CR1, along with mRNA expression of TLR4, MYD88, and NLRP3. Regarding the antibacterial actions, results showed that alirocumab displayed potential anti-bacterial activity against pathogenic gram-negative E. coli. In conclusion, alirocumab elicited nephroprotective activities against LPS-induced AKI via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, PCSK9, HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/MYD88/NF-á´B/NLRP3/Caspase-1, Fractalkine/CX3R1 and apoptotic axes.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Antioxidantes , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C , Quimiocina CX3CL1 , Proteína HMGB1 , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante) , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , FN-kappa B , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Ratas Wistar , Sepsis , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Masculino , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/metabolismo , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Quimiocina CX3CL1/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Ratas , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Lipopolisacáridos , Inhibidores de PCSK9 , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Riñón/metabolismo , Proproteína Convertasa 9/metabolismo , Proproteína Convertasa 9/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
One of the most prevalent disorders of the urinary system is urinary tract infection, which is mostly brought on by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative therapeutic and antibacterial efficacy of PRP for induced bacterial cystitis in dogs in comparison to conventional antibiotics. 25 healthy male mongrel dogs were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Control negative group that received neither induced infection nor treatments. 20 dogs were randomized into 4 groups after two weeks of induction of UPEC cystitis into; Group 1 (control positive; G1) received weekly intravesicular instillation of sodium chloride 0.9%. Group 2 (syst/PRP; G2), treated with both systemic intramuscular antibiotic and weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP; Group 3 (PRP; G3), treated with weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP, and Group 4 (syst; G4) treated with an intramuscular systemic antibiotic. Animals were subjected to weekly clinical, ultrasonographic evaluation, urinary microbiological analysis, and redox status biomarkers estimation. Urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and urinary gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor -B (PDGF-B), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. At the end of the study, dogs were euthanized, and the bladder tissues were examined macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically for NF-κB P65 and Cox-2. The PRP-treated group showed significant improvement for all the clinical, Doppler parameters, and the urinary redox status (p < 0.05). The urinary MMPs activity was significantly decreased in the PRP-treated group and the expression level of urinary NGF and VEGF were downregulated while PDGFB was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the urinary viable cell count was significantly reduced in all treatments (P < 0.05). Gross examination of bladder tissue showed marked improvement for the PRP-treated group, expressed in the histopathological findings. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in Cox-2 and NF-κB P65 in the PRP-treated group (P < 0.05). autologous CaCl2-activated PRP was able to overcome the bacterial infection, generating an inflammatory environment to overcome the old one and initiate tissue healing. Hence, PRP is a promising alternative therapeutic for UPEC cystitis instead of conventional antibiotics.
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Cistitis , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Animales , Perros , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Cistitis/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Regulación hacia Abajo , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Recently, prioritize has been given to using natural phytogenic or nano compounds as growth promoters and immunostimulants in fish diets as an alternative to antibiotics. AIMS: The main propose of this trial was to determine the impact of supplementing diets with spirulina or curcumin nanoparticles on the performance and health indicators of Nile tilapia fingerlings. METHODS: In a 56-day feeding trial, 180 tilapia fingerlings were assigned into three main groups, as follows: 1st, control group, 2nd, Spirulina platensis (SP; 5 g kg-1 diet) and 3rd, curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs; 30 mg kg-1 diet). KEY RESULTS: Incorporating tilapia diets with SP or CUR-NPs significantly improved performance, body chemical analysis, blood biochemical and hematological indices, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant and immunostimulant features compared to the control. CONCLUSION: Fortified tilapia diets with CUR-NPs or SP efficiently boost the productivity and health of Nile tilapia fingerlings. IMPLICATIONS: The research introduces new practical solutions for applying safe feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in tilapia farming.
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Alimentación Animal , Antioxidantes , Cíclidos , Curcumina , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Nanopartículas , Spirulina , Animales , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Spirulina/química , Cíclidos/inmunología , Cíclidos/sangre , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/química , Dieta/veterinaria , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This work inspects the utilization of all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) in indoor applications under LED illumination, with a focus on boosting efficiency through simulation-based design. The study employs a SCAPS TCAD device simulator to investigate the performance of APSCs under white LED illumination at 1000 lux, with a power density of 0.305 mW/cm2. Initially, the simulator is validated against experimental results obtained from a fabricated cell utilizing CD1:PBN-21 as an absorber blend and PEDOT:PSS as a hole transportation layer (HTL), where the initial measured efficiency is 16.75%. The simulation study includes an examination of both inverted and conventional cell structures. In the conventional structure, where no electron transportation layer (ETL) is present, various materials are evaluated for their suitability as the HTL. NiO emerges as the most promising HTL material, demonstrating the potential to achieve an efficiency exceeding 27%. Conversely, in the inverted configuration without an HTL, the study explores different ETL materials to engineer the band alignment at the interface. Among the materials investigated, ZnS emerges as the optimal choice, recording an efficiency of approximately 33%. In order to reveal the efficiency limitations of these devices, the interface and bulk defects are concurrently investigated. The findings of this study underscore the significance of careful material selection and structural design in optimizing the performance of APSCs for indoor applications.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most microorganisms that cause food decay and the lower the shelf life of foods are fungi. Nanotechnologies can combat various diseases and deal with the application of nanomaterial to target cells or tissues. In this study selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were synthesized using ascorbic acid and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and zeta potential. The different concentrations of As/Se-NPs were tested against various fungi, including Alternaria linicola, Alternaria padwickii, Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sp., Cephalosporium acremonium, Fusarium moniliform and Fusarium semitectum. This study tested the influence of coated As/Se-NPs on healthy strawberry fruits and those infected with Botrytis cinerea during 16 days of storage, with regard to shelf life, decay percentage, weight loss, total titratable acidity percentage, total soluble solids content (TSS) and anthocyanin content. RESULTS: Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed only two elements: selenium and oxygen. TEM images showed that the nanoparticles ranged in size between 26 to 39 nm and were rhombohedral in shape. Se-NPs showed antifungal activity against all tested fungi, the most effective being against Botrytis cinerea, Cephalosporium acremonium and Fusarium semitectum. During storage periods of strawberries fruits coated with As/Se-NPs, the shelf life was increased, and the number of decaying fruits was less than in control (uncoated) and coated infected fruits. The decline in weight loss was lower in coated fruits than in control fruits. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that As/Se-NPs could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of strawberries, even when the fruit was infected with B. cinerea. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.