RESUMEN
Clinical and Translational Oncology.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy increases overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prognostic and predictive factors are a high need. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab was performed. Analyzed variables included age, sex, stage, performance status (PS), location of metastases, presence of tumour-related symptoms and comorbidities, number of metastasis locations, previous chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic and radiotherapy treatments, and analytical data from the standard blood count and biochemistry. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients were included. Median age was 61.5 years, 73.1% were men, 77.7% were ECOG-PS 0-1, and 86.7% were included with stage IV disease. Histology was non-squamous in 77.1%. Sixty-five received nivolumab in second line (37.1%). Thirty-eight patients had brain metastasis (22%), and 39 (22.3%) liver metastasis and 126 (72%) had more than one metastatic location. The ORR was 15.7% with median Progression free survival (PFS) 2.8 months and median OS 5.81 months. Stage III vs IV and time since the beginning of the previous line of treatment ≥ 6 vs < 6 months were associated with better response. PS 2, time since the previous line of treatment < 6 vs ≥ 6 months, and more than one metastatic location were independently associated with shorter OS in multivariable analysis (7.8 vs 2.7 months, 11.2 vs 4.6 months, and 9.4 vs 5.1 month). Finally, time since the previous treatment < 6 vs ≥ 6 months and more than one metastatic location were independently associated with shorter PFS in multivariable analysis (4.3 vs 2.3 months and 4.7 vs 2.3 months). CONCLUSION: Poor PS, short period of time since the previous treatment, and more than one metastatic location were associated with poorer prognostic.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Nivolumab , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for IBDs are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the yeast reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in a murine model of trinitro benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, yeast-treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The yeast was able to protect the nematodes from oxidative stress by modulating the SKN-1 transcription factor trough the DAF-2 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Colitis/prevención & control , Kluyveromyces , Estrés Oxidativo , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Caenorhabditis elegans , Células HT29 , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
HER2-positive breast cancer, accounting for 15 % of the total breast cancer patient population, carries in itself a bad prognosis, which has now become much better after the advent of anti-HER2 drugs. HER2-targeted therapy has significantly improved disease free- and overall survival in HER2-positive breast cancer, and has rendered better disease control both in the early and advanced disease setting. Trastuzumab treatment duration is often prolonged and poses significant time and resource challenges both on the treatment institutions and on the patient. The recent development of a subcutaneous formulation has meant a significant advance in this respect. We review the drug development of the compound and the current evidence on its use.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , TrastuzumabRESUMEN
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rather frequent neoplasic complication, most often occurring in adenocarcinomas of the lung and pancreas. The most frequent clinical manifestation is one of multiple cerebral infarcts, but other ischaemic events can occur. Diagnosis is frequently missed on transthoracic ultrasound, making transoesophagic ultrasound a more reliable diagnostic tool. We present a case of NBTE associated with lung adenocarcinoma.