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BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of the MAPK pathway appears to exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastomas, since BRAF p.V600E has been reported in over 65% of the tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the BRAF p.V600E is related to biological behavior and disease-free survival in patients with conventional ameloblastomas. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) recommendations. The study population consisted of individuals treated for conventional ameloblastomas. Clinical, imaging, histomorphological, immunohistochemical (Ki67 and CD138/syndecan-1), and molecular BRAF p.V600E mutation analyses were performed. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed through chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify predictors of disease-free survival, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Forty-one individuals were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15:1. BRAF p.V600E mutation was identified in 75.6% of the tumors. No association between the BRAF mutational status and other clinical, imaging, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical variables was observed. Only the initial treatment modality was significantly associated with a better prognosis in univariate (p = 0.008) and multivariate (p = 0.030) analyses, with a hazard ratio of 9.60 (95%IC = 1.24-73.89), favoring radical treatment. CONCLUSION: BRAF p.V600E mutation emerges as a prevalent molecular aberration in ameloblastomas. Nevertheless, it does not seem to significantly affect the tumor proliferative activity, CD138/syndecan-1-mediated cell adhesion, or disease-free survival outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma. METHODS: This is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The index test was the plasma-based liquid biopsy, whereas the reference standard was the conventional tissue biopsy. The target condition was the detection of BRAF V600E mutation. The study population consisted of individuals with ameloblastoma recruited from three tertiary hospitals from Brazil. A negative control group composed of three individuals with confirmed wild-type BRAF lesions were included. The participants underwent plasma circulating cell-free DNA and tumor tissue DNA isolation, and both were submitted to using competitive allele-specific TaqMan™ real-time polymerase chain reaction technology mutation detection assays. Sensitivity and specificity measures and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Twelve patients with conventional ameloblastoma were included. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 11/12 (91.66%) ameloblastoma tissue samples. However, the mutation was not detected in any of the plasma-based liquid biopsy circulating cell-free DNA samples in both ameloblastomas and negative control group. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA was 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The agreement between index test and reference standard results was 26.66%. CONCLUSION: Plasma-based liquid biopsy does not seem to be an accurate method for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma, regardless of tumor size, anatomic location, recurrence status, and other clinicopathological features.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to critically evaluate the available data on the association of the BRAF V600E mutation and recurrence rate of ameloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was registered in Prospero (CRD42020183645) and performed based on the PRISMA statement. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was performed in order to answer the question "Does BRAF V600E mutation affect recurrence rate of ameloblastomas?" Methodological quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed with JBI Critical Appraise Tool. Meta-analysis of quantitative data was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and Jamovi 2.3. RESULTS: The initial search identified 302 articles, and 21 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 855 subjects with ameloblastoma were included in the analysis. The pooled measures for frequency of BRAF V600E mutation was 65.30% (95% CI: 0.56-0.75; p < .001; I2 = 90.85%; τ = 0.205; p < .001), and the pooled recurrence rate was 25.30% (95% CI: 0.19-0.31; p < .001; I2 = 79.44%; τ = 0.118; p < .001). No differences in recurrence rate were observed between the BRAF V600E and wild type BRAF ameloblastomas, with a pooled Odds Ratio of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.56-1.54; p = .78; I2 = 31%; p = .09). CONCLUSIONS: BRAF V600E mutation is a frequent event in ameloblastomas, but does not increase nor reduce its recurrence rate, and thus have a limited value in predicting its prognosis.

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PURPOSE: Wound closure technique is an operative factor that influences early post-operative complications after third molar surgery. This study investigates and compared the effectiveness of two closure techniques, primary closure and healing by second intention of the oblique incision on postsurgical discomfort after mandibular third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, split mouth controlled trial. Surgical sites were divided into two groups Control group received simple sutures in both alveolar crest incision and oblique incision and intervention group received simple sutures in alveolar crest incision, while the oblique incision healed by second intention. All the patients were instructed to measure pain according to visual analogue scale (VAS) in postoperative period, swelling, mouth opening was assessed at 72h and 7 days after surgery. The wound healing was assessed on day 7. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients, who had bilateral impacted third molars of similar surgical difficulty, were recruited. Thirty-one successfully completed the study. Patients in the second intention group had significantly less pain at 24h (p < 0.27). and 48h (< 0.001), had significantly less swelling (< 0.001) and trismus (< 0.001) and patients submitted to primary closure had a better evaluation of the Landry index (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Healing by second intention of the oblique relaxing incision by partial surgical wound closure, in our study, were superior to the primary closure in reduction of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered at Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials-ReBEC -UTN: RBR-5fxbqsf (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5fxbqsf).

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BACKGROUND: Granular Cell Odontogenic Fibroma (GCOF) is a rare odontogenic neoplasm reported over time with different names. The purpose of this study is to review all available data on the GCOF in the scientific literature, with a summary of all reported cases and a report of a new case. METHODS: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was performed up to November 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies reporting fifty-three cases were included. GCOF is a rare neoplasm among the odontogenic tumors, with a higher prevalence in women of the middle-aged and white population. This lesion occurs mostly on the posterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features, conservative treatment was the most reported choice with recurrence reported in two cases. CONCLUSION: GCOF remains controversial due to the still unsolved histogenesis.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to critically evaluate the available data on sensitivity and specificity of IHC compared with molecular tests in the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA statement and registered in Prospero (CRD42021259117). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies to answer the question "What is the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry compared with molecular tests for the diagnosis of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas?". Methodological quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected studies were based on the QUADAS-2. Meta-analysis based on hierarchical SROC curve model and summary measures for sensitivity and specificity were computed. RESULTS: A total of 226 records were found, but only 05 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 277 FFPE specimens of ameloblastoma included in the quantitative analysis. The sensitivity of the IHC compared to molecular tests ranged from 0.71 to 1.00, while all of the included studies showed perfect specificity (1.00). Pooled measures for sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 [95% CI 0.89, 1.00] and 1.00 [95% CI 0.95, 1.00], respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 4.05, and the AUC for SROC curve was calculated as 0.979. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF V600E-specific IHC using VE1 antibody showed extremely high sensitivity and specificity when compared with molecular tests in the detection of the mutation in ameloblastomas.

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BACKGROUND: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with three variants (endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated), presenting with specific epidemiological and clinical features. Burkitt lymphoma affects the head and neck region (BLHN) in approximately 10% of cases. The aim of this study was to undertake a comparative analysis of the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of BLHN diagnosed in patients from Africa, Guatemala, and Brazil. METHODS: Cases diagnosed as BLHN were collected from the files of six oral pathology laboratory services (Brazil, South Africa, and Guatemala) and one Brazilian pediatric oncology hospital from 1986 to 2020. Clinicopathological and IHC data, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status by in situ hybridization data for each case were reviewed and described. RESULTS: Of the 52 cases, BLHN was predominant in pediatric patients [43 (82.69%)] and males [43 (82.69%)], with a mean age of 11.26 ± 9.68 years (range, 1-39 years). Neck and cervical lymph nodes [14 (26.92%)], and involvement of both maxilla and mandible [8 (15.38%)], were the most common anatomical sites. Clinically, tumor/swelling [40 (31.25%)], cervical lymphadenopathy [14 (10.94%)], pain [12 (9.38%)], and bone destruction [12 (9.38%)] were frequent findings. All cases showed typical morphological characteristics of BL. IHC profiles included positivity for CD20 [52 (100%)], CD10 [38 (79.17%)], Bcl6 [29 (87.88%)], and c-Myc protein [18 (81.82%)]. EBV was positive in 18 cases (62.07%). The Ki-67 index ranged from 90 to 100%. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological and EBV profile of BLHN in South African, Guatemalan, and Brazilian patients is similar.

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The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on TMJ chondrosarcomas and to perform a survival analysis of cases reported to date. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA. Two authors performed an electronic search of case reports of TMJ chondrosarcoma published until August 02, 2020. Forty-seven studies reporting 53 cases were included. Chondrosarcomas of the TMJ were more prevalent in women, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Survival curves were significantly associated with histological diagnosis (p = 0.004), reconstructive surgery (p = 0.024), recurrence (p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). Only distant metastasis was independently associated with survival (p = 0.017). TMJ chondrosarcomas presented with low recurrence and higher survival rates than other chondrosarcomas. Synovial subtype, absence of reconstructive surgery, and presence of local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with poorer prognosis.

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