RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and drug dependence. METHODS: The presence and severity of ADHD and substance use were evaluated through questionnaires in 80 adult patients in therapeutic communities. RESULTS: No difference in drug use or dependence prevalence between ADHD and non-ADHD patients was found. However, ADHD patients had lower ages on admission (p = 0.004) and at first contact with cocaine (p = 0.033). In ADHD patients, there was a negative correlation between the age at first use of cannabis and the subsequent severity of cannabis use (p = 0.017) and cocaine use (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Though there was no difference in prevalence of drug use among groups, results show that ADHD in patients in therapeutic communities may cause different addiction patterns, such as earlier use of cocaine and admission, and a more severe use of cocaine correlated to earlier contact with cannabis.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/rehabilitación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and drug dependence. Methods The presence and severity of ADHD and substance use were evaluated through questionnaires in 80 adult patients in therapeutic communities. Results No difference in drug use or dependence prevalence between ADHD and non-ADHD patients was found. However, ADHD patients had lower ages on admission (p = 0.004) and at first contact with cocaine (p = 0.033). In ADHD patients, there was a negative correlation between the age at first use of cannabis and the subsequent severity of cannabis use (p = 0.017) and cocaine use (p = 0.033). Conclusions Though there was no difference in prevalence of drug use among groups, results show that ADHD in patients in therapeutic communities may cause different addiction patterns, such as earlier use of cocaine and admission, and a more severe use of cocaine correlated to earlier contact with cannabis.
RESUMO Objetivo O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é caracterizado por um padrão de desatenção ou hiperatividade. Este estudo investigou relações entre TDAH e dependência de substância. Métodos Prevalência e gravidade de TDAH e de uso de substância foram avaliadas em oitenta pacientes adultos de comunidades terapêuticas. Resultados Não houve diferença de prevalência de uso e dependência de substância entre pacientes com e sem TDAH. Pacientes TDAH tiveram menor idade de admissão (p = 0,004) e de primeiro contato com cocaína (p = 0,033). Em pacientes TDAH, houve correlação negativa entre idade de primeiro uso de cannabis e gravidade do uso de cannabis (p = 0,017) e cocaína (p = 0,033). Conclusões Mesmo sem haver diferença na prevalência de uso de substância entre os grupos, conclui-se que o TDAH nos pacientes de comunidade terapêutica pode ter induzido padrão diferente da drogadição, como idade precoce de admissão e de uso de cocaína, e uso mais grave de cocaína relacionado a contato precoce com cannabis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/rehabilitaciónRESUMEN
Background. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an important nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). Changes in cerebrovascular reactivity may contribute to this manifestation and can be monitored using transcranial Doppler. Objective. To identify possible changes in cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with OH. Methods. Twenty-two individuals were selected and divided into three groups: with and without OH and controls. Transcranial Doppler was used to assess basal mean blood flow velocity, postapnea mean blood flow velocity, percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity, and cerebrovascular reactivity as measured by the breath-holding index. Results. PD patients had lower values of basal velocity (p = 0.019), postapnea velocity (p = 0.0015), percentage increase in velocity (p = 0.039), and breath-holding index (p = 0.04) than the controls. Patients with OH had higher values of basal velocity (p = 0.09) and postapnea velocity (p = 0.19) but lower values of percentage increase in velocity (p = 0.22) and breath-holding index (p = 0.32) than patients without OH. Conclusions. PD patients present with abnormalities in a compensatory mechanism that regulates cerebral blood flow. OH could be an indicator of these abnormalities.