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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-related disease (COVID-19) is mainly characterized by a respiratory involvement. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, as the virus enters host's cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). METHODS: This investigator-initiated, seamless phase 1-2 randomized clinical trial was conceived to test the safety and efficacy of continuous short-term (up to 7 days) intravenous administration of Angiotensin-(1-7) in COVID-19 patients admitted to two intensive care units (ICU). In addition to standard of care, intravenous administration of Angiotensin-(1-7) was started at 5 mcg/Kg day and increased to 10 mcg/Kg day after 24 h (Phase 1; open label trial) or given at 10 mcg/Kg day and continued for a maximum of 7 days or until ICU discharge (Phase 2; double-blind randomized controlled trial). The rate of serious adverse events (SAEs) served as the primary outcome of the study for Phase 1, and the number of oxygen free days (OFDs) by day 28 for Phase 2. RESULTS: Between August 2020 and July 2021, when the study was prematurely stopped due to low recruitment rate, 28 patients were included in Phase 1 and 79 patients in Phase 2. Of those, 78 were included in the intention to treat analysis, and the primary outcome was available for 77 patients. During Phase 1, one SAE (i.e., bradycardia) was considered possibly related to the infusion, justifying its discontinuation. In Phase 2, OFDs did not differ between groups (median 19 [0-21] vs. 14 [0-18] days; p = 0.15). When patients from both phases were analyzed in a pooled intention to treat approach (Phase 1-2 trial), OFDs were significantly higher in treated patients, when compared to controls (19 [0-21] vs. 14 [0-18] days; absolute difference -5 days, 95% CI [0-7] p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The main findings of our study indicate that continuous intravenous infusion of Angiotensin-(1-7) at 10 mcg/Kg day in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with severe pneumonia is safe. In Phase II intention to treat analysis, there was no significant difference in OFD between groups. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04633772-Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, UTN number: U1111-1255-7167.
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Although the order Rodentia does not present a high risk of extinction compared to mammals as a whole, several families demonstrate high levels of threat and/or data deficiency, therefore highlighting the need for targeted research and the application of ecological and reproductive data to the development of conservation actions. The order Rodentia, the largest among mammals, includes 9 families, and the family Cricetidae is the most diverse of the Brazilian rodents. In Brazil, 12 of the 16 genera of Oecomys are found. Oecomys bicolor is known in Brazil as the 'arboreal rat' and is, found in dry, deciduous and tropical forests. The mean body weight of Oecomys bicolor was 35.8 g and the gonadal, tubular and epithelial somatic indexes were, 0.53%, 0.47% and 0.37%, respectively. Seminiferous tubules volume density was 89.72% and the mitotic and meiotic indexes corresponded to 8.59 and 2.45 cells, respectively, and the yield of spermatogenesis was 23.83 cells. The intertubular compartment represented 10.28% of the testis parenchyma and around 5% of the interstitial space was occupied by Leydig cells, whose number per gram of testis was 11.10 × 107 cells. By evaluating the biometric and histomorphometric characteristics of the testis, there is evidence that this species has a high investment in reproduction. Due to the high contribution of the seminiferous epithelium and the intertubular compartment in this species, compared to the others of the same family, it is possible to infer that the species Oecomys bicolor has a promiscuous reproductive behaviour.
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Arvicolinae , Células Intersticiales del Testículo , Espermatogénesis , Testículo , Animales , Espermatogénesis/fisiología , Masculino , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Testículo/fisiología , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/citología , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/fisiología , Arvicolinae/anatomía & histología , Arvicolinae/fisiología , Túbulos Seminíferos/anatomía & histología , BrasilRESUMEN
Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to produce experience-dependent changes in the brains and behaviors of rodents, and it has therefore been widely used to study neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Current studies show significant protocol variation, such as the presence of running wheels, number of cagemates, duration of enrichment, and the age of the animals at the beginning and end of the enrichment interventions. EE has been shown to have prominent positive effects in animal models of idiopathic and syndromic autism, but little is known about the ideal type of EE and the most efficient protocols for reversing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors modeled in rodents. This review presents evidence that social enrichment is the most effective way to rescue typical behaviors, and that variables such as onset, duration, and type of induction in the ASD model are important for EE success. Understanding which EE protocols are most beneficial for reversing ASD behaviors modeled in rodents opens up possibilities for the potential treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by behavioral deficits, such as autism.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno Autístico , Animales , Trastorno Autístico/terapia , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/terapia , Roedores , Encéfalo , Conducta Social , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: to examine the influence of familial environment, parental perception, and socioeconomic conditions on the receptive vocabulary of elementary school children. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional observational study. The students were selected by stratified proportional sampling, using the Receptive Vocabulary Test. Those responsible for the children answered the anamnesis and the inventory of family environmental resources. Initially, a bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, considering p<0.20. In the multivariate analysis of binary logistic regression, p<0.05 was considered, and the quality of the model was evaluated through the Hosmer-Lemeshow method. Results: out of the 263 students, 131 were males, 142 were in the third grade and were on average 7.6 years old (±0.57), and 111 had a low receptive vocabulary. In the bivariate analysis, there was a relationship between parental perception about learning to read and write, school failure, and the outcome (p<0.05). The variables environment, resources, and stability of family life were also used for multivariate analysis (p<0.20). Conclusion: Parental perception of difficulty in reading and writing and a lack of family stability were factors associated with poor receptive vocabulary.
RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a influência do ambiente familiar, percepção parental e condições socioeconômicas no vocabulário receptivo de escolares do ensino fundamental. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional transversal analítico. Os escolares, selecionados por amostragem proporcional estratificada, realizaram o Teste de Vocabulário Receptivo. Os responsáveis responderam à anamnese e ao Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar. Inicialmente, realizou-se análise bivariada pelo teste Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,20. Na análise multivariada de regressão logística binária, considerou-se o valor p<0,05 e a qualidade do modelo foi avaliada pelo método Hosmer-Lemeshow. Resultados: dos 263 escolares, 131 são do sexo masculino, 142 do terceiro ano, possuem idade média de 7,6 anos (±0,57) e 111 apresentam vocabulário receptivo rebaixado. Na análise bivariada, observou-se relação entre percepção parental acerca do aprendizado da leitura, da escrita, repetência escolar e o desfecho (p<0,05). Também foram para análise multivariada as variáveis recursos do ambiente e estabilidade da vida familiar (p<0,20). Conclusão: a percepção parental de dificuldade de leitura e de escrita e a falta de estabilidade familiar foram fatores associados ao pior vocabulário receptivo.
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This letter reports an unexpected increase of the ACE2 product angiotensin-(1-7) and a parallel decrease of its substrate angiotensin II, suggesting a dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system towards angiotensin-(1-7) formation in #COVID19 patients https://bit.ly/3xFXuTU.
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In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efectos de los fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , COVID-19/virología , Humanos , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiología , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidadRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Roots of Pfaffia glomerata are used in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs and sexual stimulants. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Pfaffia glomerata on the Leydig cells, cavernous bodies and other penile constituents, as well as on serum testosterone and 17ß-estradiol levels of adult mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mature male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups: control (water), sildenafil citrate, 3 groups receiving daily doses of P. glomerata extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and one group receiving intermittent doses of P. glomerata (200 mg/kg/3-3d). RESULTS: The proportions of blood vessels, lymphatic space and estradiol levels were increased. On the other hand, reduction of testosterone levels due to Leydig cells death was observed. As for penile parameters, volumetric proportions of cavernous bodies, collagen and nitric oxide were increased, while smooth muscle content was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Despite that the long term intake of P. glomerata extract was related to a stimulant action, reduction on Leydig cell viability induced decreased testosterone production.
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Amaranthaceae/química , Afrodisíacos/farmacología , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Pene/irrigación sanguínea , Pene/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Amaranthaceae/toxicidad , Animales , Afrodisíacos/aislamiento & purificación , Afrodisíacos/toxicidad , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/sangre , Colágenos Fibrilares/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/patología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Pene/metabolismo , Pene/patología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Raíces de Plantas , Solventes/química , Testosterona/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that induces reproductive toxicity by generating reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress. Euterpe oleracea fruits are known for being rich in oils containing triacylglycerol and phenolic compounds. They are considered as potent antioxidants to be used to counteract Cd effects within the testis. In the present study, adult males Swiss mice were treated with CdCl2 aqueous solution (4.28 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days. The experimental groups were treated with Euterpe oleracea oil at the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, for 42 days. The results showed that Cd intoxication led to increased tubular pathologies, such as reduction in epithelium height and area thus increasing both luminal diameter and tubule-epithelium ratio. Besides, Leydig cell's morphometry indicated reduction in nucleus and cytoplasm volumes of this cell type, which were recovered after E. oleracea oil intake. In addition, serum testosterone levels, testicular Mn and Zn concentrations, SOD and CAT activity, and germ cell viability increased after oil intake. Therefore, E. oleracea oil showed a regenerative effect in the testicular parenchyma negatively affected by Cd, mainly in the animals that received the highest oil concentration (150 mg/kg).
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Euterpe , Animales , Antioxidantes , Cadmio/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Aceites , Estrés Oxidativo , TestículoRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USAGES: Leaves and roots of Pfaffia glomerata areused as aphrodisiacs, tranquilizers and antirheumatics. Due to the lack of experimental scientific data, studies are necessary to identify its medicinal properties. AIMS: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic root extract of P. glomerata (Brazilian ginseng extract - BGE) on testicular parenchyma, and evaluate possible harmful effects through testicular oxidative stress analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult mice were divided into 6 groups: control (water), sildenafil citrate, BGE (100, 200 and 400â¯mg/kg/day), and BGE (200â¯mg/kg every three days). RESULTS: The treatment reduced the volumetric proportions of seminiferous tubules and epithelium, the number of Sertoli cells, and increased hydrogen peroxide levels, without affecting sperm production. It also caused cell death and changes in the frequency of stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycles. The 100â¯mg/kg dose responds in a similar way to sildenafil citrate, promoting changes in the gonadal structure, but with efficient response to contain the damage. CONCLUSIONS: Doses of 200â¯mg/kg, continuous or discontinuous, induced an increase in testicular nitric oxide, as well as sildenafil citrate, showing be efficient as aphrodisiac, but promotes cell death regardless of the form of administration.
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Amaranthaceae , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Amaranthaceae/química , Animales , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Citrato de Sildenafil/farmacología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologíaRESUMEN
Recent advances in susceptibility MRI have dramatically improved the visualization of deep gray matter brain regions and the quantification of their magnetic properties in vivo, providing a novel tool to study the poorly understood iron homeostasis in the human brain. In this study, we used an advanced combination of the recent quantitative susceptibility mapping technique with dedicated analysis methods to study intra-thalamic tissue alterations in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thalamic pathology is one of the earliest hallmarks of MS and has been shown to correlate with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue, but the mechanisms underlying the thalamic pathology are poorly understood. We enrolled a total of 120 patients, 40 with CIS, 40 with Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS), and 40 with Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS). For each of the three patient groups, we recruited 40 controls, group matched for age- and sex (120 total). We acquired quantitative susceptibility maps using a single-echo gradient echo MRI pulse sequence at 3 T. Group differences were studied by voxel-based analysis as well as with a custom thalamus atlas. We used threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) and multiple regression analyses, respectively. We found significantly reduced magnetic susceptibility compared to controls in focal thalamic subregions of patients with RRMS (whole thalamus excluding the pulvinar nucleus) and SPMS (primarily pulvinar nucleus), but not in patients with CIS. Susceptibility reduction was significantly associated with disease duration in the pulvinar, the left lateral nuclear region, and the global thalamus. Susceptibility reduction indicates a decrease in tissue iron concentration suggesting an involvement of chronic microglia activation in the depletion of iron from oligodendrocytes in this central and integrative brain region. Not necessarily specific to MS, inflammation-mediated iron release may lead to a vicious circle that reduces the protection of axons and neuronal repair.
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Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/metabolismo , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/metabolismo , Oligodendroglía/metabolismo , Tálamo/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/inmunología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/inmunología , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/inmunología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECT The development of neurointerventional treatments of central nervous system disorders has resulted in the need for adequate training environments for novice interventionalists. Virtual simulators offer anatomical definition but lack adequate tactile feedback. Animal models, which provide more lifelike training, require an appropriate infrastructure base. The authors describe a training model for neurointerventional procedures using the human placenta (HP), which affords haptic training with significantly fewer resource requirements, and discuss its validation. METHODS Twelve HPs were prepared for simulated endovascular procedures. Training exercises performed by interventional neuroradiologists and novice fellows were placental angiography, stent placement, aneurysm coiling, and intravascular liquid embolic agent injection. RESULTS The endovascular training exercises proposed can be easily reproduced in the HP. Face, content, and construct validity were assessed by 6 neurointerventional radiologists and 6 novice fellows in interventional radiology. CONCLUSIONS The use of HP provides an inexpensive training model for the training of neurointerventionalists. Preliminary validation results show that this simulation model has face and content validity and has demonstrated construct validity for the interventions assessed in this study.
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Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/cirugía , Competencia Clínica , Procedimientos Endovasculares/educación , Modelos Anatómicos , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/educación , Placenta/irrigación sanguínea , Angiografía , Embolización Terapéutica , Femenino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Placenta/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , StentsRESUMEN
Abstract Background Considering the importance of Executive Functions to clinical and nonclinical situations, Barkley proposed a new theory of executive functioning based on an evolutionary neuropsychological perspective and clinical research using large samples of clinical and community identified adults and children as well as children with ADHD followed to adulthood. Objective The present study aims to adapt the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functions Scales (BDEFS) to Brazilian Portuguese and also assess its construct validity in a sample of normal Brazilian adults. Methods The original version of scale was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese according to the guideline from the ISPOR Task Force. To assess the semantic equivalence between the original and adapted version, both of them were applied into a sample of 25 Brazilian bilingual adults. Finally, 60 Brazilian adults completed the BDEFS and the Brazilian versions of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) to assess convergent validity. Results The BDEFS Brazilian Portuguese version has semantic correspondence with the original version indicating that the adaptation procedure was successful. The BDEFS correlated significantly with the impulsivity and attention scores from the BIS-11 and ASRS-18 supporting its construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.961) indicated that the BDEFS translated version has satisfactory internal consistency. Discussion Together, these findings indicate the successful adaptation of the BDEFS to Brazilian Portuguese and support its utility in that population.
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We conducted a transversal retrospective study with secondary data collection from 25 cases of sporotrichosis, treated at a teaching unit in inner São Paulo (Brazil), between the years 2003-2013. We found that the prevalence was higher in men (72%), rural workers (44%) and those living in rural areas (60%), with an average age of 42.48 years. The median between the onset of lesions and diagnosis was six weeks. Lesions predominated in the upper limbs (92%), and were classified as lymphocutaneous (80%) and fixed cutaneous (20%) forms. Clinical cure was observed in 62.5% of the cases treated with potassium iodide and 100% of cases treated with itraconazole.
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Esporotricosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Esporotricosis/patología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: American tegumentary leishmaniasis has an annual incidence of 1 to 1.5 million cases. In some cases, the patient's immune response can eliminate the parasite, and the lesion spontaneously resolves. However, when this does not occur, patients develop the disseminated form of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. METHODS: A retrospective study of the medical records of 47 patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data were collected, and semi-quantitative histopathological analyses were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 40.5 years. A total of 29.7% individuals were female and 70.2% were male, and 40.4% of the patients were farmers. The ulcerative form was found in 53.2% of patients, of whom 59.6% had lesions in the limbs. The average time to diagnosis was 22.3 months. The following positive correlations were significant: age and duration of the disease, Montenegro reaction, degree of granulomatous transformation and epithelioid cell count; duration of disease, Montenegro reaction and number of lymphocytes; epithelial hyperplasia and edema, hemorrhaging, and epithelial aggression; number of plasmocytes and number of parasites. The main negative correlations found were as follows: age and serology; time and parasite load; epithelial hyperplasia and degree of granulomatous transformation. CONCLUSION: The long duration of the disease could be explained by the fact that lesions were relatively asymptomatic, and therefore ignored by patients with low literacy levels. Individuals may have simply waited for spontaneous healing, which proved to be dependent on the activation of hypersensitivity mechanisms.
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Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/patología , Piel/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Biopsia , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Tardío , Femenino , Granuloma/patología , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: American tegumentary leishmaniasis has an annual incidence of 1 to 1.5 million cases. In some cases, the patient's immune response can eliminate the parasite, and the lesion spontaneously resolves. However, when this does not occur, patients develop the disseminated form of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. METHODS: A retrospective study of the medical records of 47 patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data were collected, and semi-quantitative histopathological analyses were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 40.5 years. A total of 29.7% individuals were female and 70.2% were male, and 40.4% of the patients were farmers. The ulcerative form was found in 53.2% of patients, of whom 59.6% had lesions in the limbs. The average time to diagnosis was 22.3 months. The following positive correlations were significant: age and duration of the disease, Montenegro reaction, degree of granulomatous transformation and epithelioid cell count; duration of disease, Montenegro reaction and number of lymphocytes; epithelial hyperplasia and edema, hemorrhaging, and epithelial aggression; number of plasmocytes and number of parasites. The main negative correlations found were as follows: age and serology; time and parasite load; epithelial hyperplasia and degree of granulomatous transformation. CONCLUSION: The long duration of the disease could be explained by the fact that lesions were relatively asymptomatic, and therefore ignored by patients with low literacy levels. Individuals may have simply waited for spontaneous healing, which proved to be dependent on the activation of hypersensitivity mechanisms. .
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/patología , Piel/patología , Factores de Edad , Biopsia , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Tardío , Granuloma/patología , Hiperplasia/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
have described the spatio-temporal variation of mollusc assemblage in a coastal urban bay near a Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX), where several human activities are performed. Uni and multivariate analyses were conducted considering spatial (six sampling stations) and temporal scale (30 surveys from 2002 to 2008) and two associations were recognized. We identified 48 species from 28 families belonging to four classes: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda. The Sand Tidal Flat association had a contribution of more than 90% of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) as well as a higher diversity and similarity among surveys. The Mud Bottom association had a lower similarity among surveys due to the low abundance of species. The feeding habits of molluscs were different between the associations. The climate and the fauna followed a seasonal pattern, with low variance over years. The highest diversity was detected at the end of a highway construction, indicating a rapid recolonization, probably due to the proximity to a protected area. We highlight the need to the conservation of sand tidal flats, mostly because of their high diversity, location in a transitional zone between marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems (connected with mangrove forests), in addition to the economic importance, and anthropogenic pressure.
Descrevemos a variação espaço-temporal da assembleia de moluscos em uma baía costeira urbana próxima a uma Reserva Extrativista Marinha (RESEX), onde várias atividades humanas são realizadas. Análises uni e multivariadas foram realizadas, considerando as escalas espacial (seis estações de amostragem) e temporal (30 campanhas entre 2002 e 2008). Um total de 48 espécies foram identificadas, pertencentes a 28 famílias e distribuídas em 4 classes: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora e Scaphopoda. Duas associações foram reconhecidas. A associação Planície Arenosa teve uma contribuição de mais de 90% de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin 1791) e maior diversidade e similaridade entre as campanhas. A associação Fundo Lamoso teve menor similaridade entre as campanhas, devido à baixa abundância de espécies. O hábito alimentar dos moluscos que compõem as associações também foi diferente entre as associações. O clima durante o período estudado apresentou um padrão sazonal, com pouca variação entre os anos, que foi seguido pela fauna. A maior diversidade foi detectada concomitantemente ao fim da construção de uma rodovia (Via Expressa Sul), evidência de uma rápida recolonização, possivelmente associada à proximidade de uma área protegida (RESEX). Ressaltamos a necessidade de conservação das planícies arenosas entre-marés , principalmente devido a sua alta diversidade, localização em zonas de transição entre os ecossistemas de água doce, marinho e terrestre (conectados a florestas de mangue), importância econômica e pressão antrópica.
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Morphological and morphometric variability of the small-sized coastal squid Lolliguncula brevis was assessed along the largest part of its latitudinal range in the southern hemisphere, off the Brazilian coast (8º S - 27º S). A general homogeneity in form was found throughout the entire latitudinal range. In terms of body proportions, no latitudinal gradients were evident, but a few local "morphotypes" could be distinguished. The distinctive egg mass morphology, and size and form features, including a hectocotylus 20-40% longer than the opposing ventral arm and the presence of suckers on the buccal membrane, indicated that Lolliguncula from northern and southern hemispheres might comprise two different taxa.
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Decapodiformes/anatomía & histología , Animales , Océano Atlántico , Brasil , Decapodiformes/clasificación , Decapodiformes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Introdução: O tumor glômico é lesão benigna rara que ocorre mais comumente em falanges distais e representa de 1% a 4,5% das neoplasias da mão. O tipo subungueal é mais frequente em mulheres nas terceira e quinta décadas de vida. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com tumor glômico, sua satisfação em relação ao tratamento, e a recidiva por retirada incompleta. Método: Estudaram-se os prontuários de oito pacientes com diagnóstico de tumor glômico tratados em serviço de dermatologia de 1992 a 2011 avaliando-se sexo, idade, profissão, região acometida, satisfação do paciente em relação ao tratamento e se houve recidiva. Resultados: A média de idade dos casos foi de 63 anos, superior à faixa etária descrita pela literatura. A profissão mais relacionada foi "prendas domésticas". Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com o tratamento do ponto de vista estético. A melhora da dor foi plena em três dos seis pacientes que retornaram para avaliação. Naqueles em que a melhora não foi total, houve recidiva. A taxa de recidiva por retirada incompleta foi de 50%. Conclusão: Conclui-se a persistência da dor como indicadora de recidiva e percebe-se a efetividade da cirurgia na melhora da dor.
Introduction: Glomus tumors are rare benign lesions that are most often found on the tips of the fingers; they account for 1.0-4.5% of neoplasias on the hand. Subungual glomus tumors occur more frequently in women in their 30s and 50s. Objective: This study evaluated glomus tumor patients' epidemiological profiles, their satisfaction with the treatment and the rate of recurrence due to incomplete removal. Method: The records of patients that were treated for glomus tumors at a dermatology clinic between 1992 and 2011 were evaluated regarding gender, age, profession, affectedarea of the body, satisfaction with the treatment and possible recurrence. Results: The patients (n = 8, average 63 years) were older than those usually described in the literature. The most frequently described profession was that of housewife. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of the treatment. There was a total improvement of the pain in threepatients, while patients with a partial improvement in pain experienced a recurrence. The recurrence rate due to incomplete removal was 50%. Conclusion: The surgery's effectiveness can be measured by the improvement of the pain; persistence of pain can indicate recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Tumor Glómico/cirugía , Tumor Glómico/epidemiología , Mano/cirugía , Recurrencia , Perfil de Salud , Registros Médicos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Neoplasias/cirugíaRESUMEN
Introdução: A isotretinoína foi inicialmente utilizada no tratamento da acne inflamatória grave, sendo atualmente bem reconhecida como tratamento de sucesso para acne vulgar. Muitos são os fatores associados com a recorrência da doença, que varia entre 5,6% e 65,4%. Há muita controvérsia sobre a importância e a contribuição de cada um desses fatores. Objetivos: Determinar a taxa de recidiva dos pacientes que receberam tratamento completo com isotretinoína oral (dose entre 120 e 150mg/kg) e fatores associados ao risco. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo a partir de dados de 276 pacientes tratados com isotretinoína. Após período mínimo de 30 meses a contar do término do tratamento realizou-se a aná-lise. Considerou-se recidiva o surgimento de lesões ativas que necessitassem de retratamento. Resultados: Houve 25,53% de recidiva nos pacientes que fizeram dose completa, e 81,03% nos que receberam dose incompleta. Os demais fatores estudados não demonstraram signifi-cância estatística. Conclusão: A isotretinoína oral é tratamento efetivo em produzir redução significativa e de longa duração da acne. No entanto, deve ser reforçado o fato de que recidivas ocorrem com frequência significativa principalmente quando não se atingem as doses preconizadas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Isotretinoína/uso terapéutico , Acné Vulgar/terapia , Recurrencia , Isotretinoína/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , RetratamientoRESUMEN
Reconstruções do pavilhão auricular são complexas, principalmente quando há perda do suporte cartilaginoso. Relata-se caso de correção de defeito condrocutâneo após exérese de carcinoma basocelular no terço superior do pavilhão auricular, utilizando fibra de silicone com o objetivo de moldagem e sustentação da orelha. Demonstra-se opção do usode enxertos de cartilagem ou compostos no pavilhão auricular.