Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedad de Darier/diagnóstico , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
Ceftazidime is an antibiotic belonging to the group of third generation cephalosporins, frequently used in clinical practice for its broad antibacterial spectrum. A case report is presented on a 78-year-old man who entered the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure secondary to nosocomial pneumonia in the postoperative period of a laparoscopic hepatic bisegmentectomy for a hepatocarcinoma. It required invasive mechanical ventilation and was treated with ceftazidime, developing a progressive decrease in platelet count after the onset of this drug and after re-exposure to it, not coinciding with the introduction of other drugs. The adverse reaction was reported to the Spanish pharmacosurveillance system and according to the Naranjo algorithm the causal relationship was probable. Since no case of ceftazidime-induced thrombocytopenia was found in the literature, we consider knowledge of it relevant as an adverse effect to be taken into account given its potential severity, especially when it cannot be explained by other causes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Ceftazidima/efectos adversos , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos , Anciano , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Causalidad , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Masculino , Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inducido químicamente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Respiración Artificial , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapiaRESUMEN
This study investigated the effect of sex-sorting and cryopreservation on post-thaw characteristics and fertility of red deer (Cervus elaphus) sperm for the first time. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from 10 mature stags during the breeding season, and each ejaculate split into four experimental groups: Bulk sorted spermatozoa, sorted but not sexed (BSS); sorted high purity X-spermatozoa (XSS); sorted high purity Y-spermatozoa (YSS); and, control non-sorted spermatozoa (NS). Following, all samples were frozen over liquid nitrogen. Two straws per stag and sample type were analyzed immediately post-thaw and following a 2-h incubation period at 37 °C. Post-thaw total motility (TM) as assessed by CASA was not different (P < 0.05) among NS, BSS and YSS sperm. For XSS, post-thaw TM was lower (39%, P < 0.05) than that for NS (54%) or BSS (50%), but similar (P > 0.05) to that of YSS (47%) sperm. The percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa as assessed by PI/YO-PRO-1 and flow cytometry analysis, was higher (17%, P ≤ 0.05) for XSS sperm than NS (12%), BSS (13%) and YSS (14%) sperm. Following incubation there were no differences (P > 0.05) in TM or percent apoptosis among treatments. Post-thaw chromatin stability calculated as the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) was similar among treatments; following incubation %DFI increased in all except YSS, which displayed the lowest value (P < 0.05). Artificial insemination of synchronized hinds yielded 44, 52 and 62% delivery rates for YSS, NS and standard frozen-thawed sperm, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, 93 and 55% of fawns born were males for the YSS and NS spermatozoa, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, Y-sorted sperm displayed acceptable post-thaw sperm evaluation parameters and the expected offspring sex ratio. More studies are needed to understand the source of sperm damage that may compromise the fertility of Y-sorted red deer sperm.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación/veterinaria , Ciervos , Preselección del Sexo/veterinaria , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Animales , Criopreservación/métodos , Fragmentación del ADN , Citometría de Flujo/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Masculino , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Razón de Masculinidad , Motilidad EspermáticaRESUMEN
More than 2 million visits for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are seen in US emergency departments (EDs) yearly. Up to 50% of patients with SSTIs, suffer from recurrences, but associated factors remain poorly understood. We performed a retrospective study of patients with primary diagnosis of SSTI between 2005 and 2011 using California ED discharge data from the State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases. Using a multivariable logistic regression, we examined factors associated with a repeat SSTI ED visits up to 6 months after the initial SSTI. Among 197 371 SSTIs, 16·3% were associated with a recurrent ED visit. We found no trend in recurrent visits over time (χ 2 trend = 0·68, P = 0·4). Race/ethnicity, age, geographical location, household income, and comorbidities were all associated with recurrent visits. Recurrent ED visits were associated with drug/alcohol abuse or liver disease [odds ratio (OR) 1·4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3-1·4], obesity (OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·2-1·4), and in infections that were drained (OR 1·1, 95% CI 1·1-1·1) and inversely associated with hospitalization after initial ED visit (OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·3-0·4). In conclusion, we found several patient-level factors associated with recurrent ED visits. Identification of these high-risk groups is critical for future ED-based interventions.
Asunto(s)
Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/epidemiología , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , California/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción: El mantenimiento del equilibrio hidroelectrolítico es esencial para el buen funcionamiento del organismo. Existen situaciones en las que se producen desequilibrios en los líquidos corporales, originando sobrecargas de fluidos, y sus consecuentes problemas asociados. Los pacientes con esta problemática, pueden beneficiarse de la administración de fármacos parenterales en el menor volumen posible. Los pacientes en estado crí- tico suelen requerir un gran número de fármacos por vía intravenosa, y altas dosis de éstos a diluir en grandes cantidades de suero. Por todo ello, parece útil buscar una estrategia de optimización de la administración de los fármacos parenterales. Objetivo: Revisar y recopilar datos referentes a volúmenes mí- nimos de dilución. Además de las vías de administración, reconstitución, diluyentes compatibles, tiempos de infusión. Método: Se incluyeron en el estudio aquellos principios activos utilizados con más frecuencia en pacientes críticos. Se realizó una búsqueda en varias fuentes de información: fichas técnicas de las especialidades farmacéuticas, Handbook on Injectable Drugs, Trissel L., American Society Healh-System Pharmacists, 15thEd., 2009, Thomson Micromedex® Healthcare series, o vía telefónica con el laboratorio fabricante del producto. Resultados: Los resultados se muestran en forma de tabla. Se revisaron 65 especialidades farmacéuticas. Conclusiones: Consideramos útil la recopilación de estos datos para optimizar la administración parenteral en pacientes críticos o que requieran una terapia restrictiva en fluidos ya que la información ha tenido que ser recopilada de distintas fuentes no encontrándose siempre en la ficha técnica. (AU)
Introduction: A fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for human health. There are some situations in which fluid imbalance occurs, causing fluid overload and consequent associated problems. Patients with these problems, may benefit from the administration of parenteral drugs in the smallest possible volume. Patients in critical condition typically require a large number of drugs intravenously, and high doses of these diluted in large quantities of serum. Therefore, it seems useful to seek an optimization strategy of parenteral drug administration. Objective: To review and collect data on minimum dilution volumes. Besides administration s routes, recons - titution, compatible diluents, infusion times. Methods: The study included those drug substances frequently used in critically ill patients. A search through multiple sources of information has been made: technical data for Propietary medicinal products, Handbook on Injectable Drugs, Trissel L., American Society Healh-System Pharmacists, 15thEd., 2009, Thomson Micromedex® Healthcare Series, or by phone calls to the manufacturers of the product. Results: Results are shown in a table. 65 drugs were revised. Conclusions: It is considered useful the collection of these data to optimize parenteral administration in critically ill patients, or in those who require restrictive fluid therapy, because information has been collected from different sources, not always found it in the technical data of the drugs (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Infusiones Parenterales , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/metabolismo , Enfermedad Crítica , Composición de Medicamentos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Técnicas de Dilución del IndicadorRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: A fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for human health. There are some situations in which fluid imbalance occurs, causing fluid overload and consequent associated problems. Patients with these problems, may benefit from the administration of parenteral drugs in the smallest possible volume. Patients in critical condition typically require a large number of drugs intravenously, and high doses of these diluted in large quantities of serum. Therefore, it seems useful to seek an optimization strategy of parenteral drug admi - nistration. OBJECTIVE: To review and collect data on minimum dilution volumes. Besides administration s routes, reconstitution, compatible diluents, infusion times. METHODS: The study included those drug substances frequently used in critically ill patients. A search through multiple sources of information has been made: technical data for Propietary medicinal products, Handbook on Injectable Drugs, Trissel L., American Society Healh-System Pharmacists, 15thEd., 2009, Thomson Micromedex® Healthcare Series, or by phone calls to the manufacturers of the product. RESULTS: RESULTS are shown in a table. 65 drugs were revised. CONCLUSIONS: It is considered useful the collection of these data to optimize parenteral administration in critically ill patients, or in those who require restrictive fluid therapy, because information has been collected from different sources, not always found it in the technical data of the drugs.
Asunto(s)
Infusiones Intravenosas , Infusiones Parenterales , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/metabolismo , Enfermedad Crítica , Composición de Medicamentos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Técnicas de Dilución del IndicadorAsunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Brotes de Enfermedades , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Pacientes Internos/estadística & datos numéricos , Oseltamivir/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Niño , Comorbilidad , Utilización de Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , España/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
New therapies in cancer treatment are focusing on multifaceted approaches to starve and kill tumors utilizing both antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic compounds. In this work, we searched for a peptide vector that would home liposomes both to endothelial and tumor cells. [Abu6]TSPB and [Abu6]TSPA, aspartimide analogs of natural sequences of TSP-1 and TSP-2, respectively, were tested for adhesion of tumor and endothelial cells, in vivo and in vitro antiangiogenic effects, and in vivo antitumor action. Both peptides support the adhesion of both types of cells, but only [Abu6]TSPA inhibits the angiogenesis in vivo, and [Abu6]TSPA-targeted L-DOX decreases by 58% (P < 0.008) the HT29 tumor growth in nude mice. The improvement in the doxorubicin antitumor effect should be attributed to the antiangiogenic effect of [Abu6]TSPA, since [Abu6]TSPB, despite being a good ligand for both cell types, had no effect on tumor growth.
Asunto(s)
Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Liposomas/uso terapéutico , Trombospondinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Animales , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Endoteliales , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Imitación Molecular , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombospondinas/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Treatment with intravenous immunoglobin (IVIg) in the first two weeks of hospitalization has proven efficiency for shortening recovery time of patients with Guillain- Barré syndrome (GBS). The goal of the study is to determine if early treatment with IVIg in the first days after onset of symptoms has a significant effect on shortening average length of hospital stay. METHODS: We examined retrospectively the records of 69 patients with GBS. Group A (9 patients) received no treatment with IVIg, Group B (31 patients) received treatment on the sixth day or thereafter and Group C (29 patients) received treatment in the first five days from symptoms onset. RESULTS: Mean duration of hospitalisation time for Group A was 47.4 days, for Group B it was 32.4 days and for Group C, 21.3 days (p < 0.001). In summary, treatment with IVIg in the first five days after the onset of GBS symptoms reduces the length of hospitalisation by 11 days. Given the retrospective nature of our study, these findings should be confirmed in a prospective, randomised, multicentric study.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Anciano , Humanos , 3-Yodobencilguanidina , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único/métodos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Adenocarcinoma Folicular , Vesícula BiliarRESUMEN
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common age-related neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. Anti-oxidant agents including catalase, manganese porphyrin and pyruvate confer cytoprotection to different cell cultures when challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Herein we used rat cerebellar granular cell cultures to ascertain the plausible cellular pathways involved in pyruvate-induced cytoprotection against 0.1 mM 6-OHDA. Pyruvate provided cytoprotection in a concentration-dependent manner (2-10 mM). Consistent with its well-established anti-oxidant capacity, pyruvate (10 mM) prevented 6-OHDA-induced lipid peroxidation by blocking the rise in intracellular peroxides and maintaining the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Further experiments revealed that pyruvate increased Akt, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors attenuated pyruvate-induced cytoprotection indicating that PI3K-mediated Akt activation is necessary for pyruvate to induce cytoprotection. On the other hand, pyruvate also up-regulated glutathione peroxidase mRNA levels, but not those of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase-1 and -2, catalase or the anti-apoptotic oncogenes Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. In summary, our results strongly suggest that pyruvate, besides the anti-oxidant properties related to its structure, exerts cytoprotective actions by activating different anti-apoptotic routes that include gene regulation and Akt pathway activation.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebelosa/efectos de los fármacos , Degeneración Nerviosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Pirúvico/farmacología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Corteza Cerebelosa/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebelosa/fisiopatología , Citoprotección/efectos de los fármacos , Citoprotección/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Degeneración Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Degeneración Nerviosa/prevención & control , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/patología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/metabolismo , Neurotoxinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neurotoxinas/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Oxidopamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Oxidopamina/toxicidad , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Neoplasias Tonsilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Carcinoma/secundario , Carcinoma/cirugía , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Radiofármacos , Neoplasias Tonsilares/patología , Neoplasias Tonsilares/cirugía , TonsilectomíaRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Neoplasias Tonsilares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Tonsilares/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , ElectronesRESUMEN
En este capítulo se revisan diversas posibilidades para conservar la fertilidad femenina en pacientes oncológicas: quimioprofilaxis, criopreservación de embriones, oocitos y de tejido ovárico. Se especula sobre opciones futuras
Different options to preserve female fertility in oncologic patients are reviewed in this chapter: Chemoprophylaxis, embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue criopreservation. It hypothesized over futur options