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Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.
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Melanoma , Enfermedades de la Uña , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Anciano , Melanoma/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Enfermedades de la Uña/diagnóstico , PronósticoRESUMEN
Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.
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Melanoma , Enfermedades de la Uña , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Anciano , Melanoma/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Enfermedades de la Uña/diagnóstico , PronósticoRESUMEN
Objetivo: Comparar la discrepancia anteroposterior medida a nivel de la platina incisiva de 2 métodos de registro intermaxilar en la misma sesión que la im-presión definitiva en adultos mayores desdentados totales. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron en el es-tudio 20 pacientes (n=20) con edad promedio de 70 años. En cada uno de ellos se obtuvieron registros intermaxilares con cubetas rodete de acrílico: uno con inducción manual (IM) y otro autoinducido con el sistema de cubeta rodete de acrílico y apoyo central único utilizando una superficie palatina de registro curva (BYC). Los modelos fueron montados en un ar-ticulador Whip Mix modelo 2240 al que se le adicio-nó un dispositivo de papel milimetrado, Orthodent, a nivel de la platina incisiva, para registrar las dife-rencias existentes entre las posiciones obtenidas. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante el cálcu-lo de intervalos de confianza (95%) para las diferen-cias medias y prueba de t de student para datos apa-reados (nivel de significancia: α<0,05). Resultados. En el plano mesiodistal a nivel de la platina incisiva se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las dos variables de registro (p<0,001). A este nivel el BYC proporcionó registros más retrusivos que IM. Media aritmética (desviaciones estándar) en milímetros: 3,82 (2,1). Conclusión. El sistema de re-gistro con cubetas rodete acrílicas y BYC incorpora-do a las mismas proporciona un registro intermaxi-lar más retrusivo que IM en adultos mayores des-dentados totales cuando se realizan dichos registros en la misma sesión que la impresión definitiva (AU)
Objective: To compare the anteroposterior discre-pancy measured at the level of the incisal plate of 2 methods of intermaxillary registration in the same session as the definitive impression in fully edentu-lous older adults. Materials and methods. Twenty pa-tients (n=20) with an average age of 70 years were included in the study. On each of them, intermaxillary recordings were obtained with acrylic rims trays: one with manual induction (MI) and the other with a self-induced system and single central support using a curved recording palatal surface (BYC). The models were mounted in a Whip Mix model 2240 articula-tor to which an Orthodent graph paper device was added, at the level of the incisal plate, to record the di-fferences between the positions obtained. Statistical analysis was carried out by calculating confidence intervals (95%) for mean differences and T-student for paired data (significance level: α<0.05). Results. On the mesiodistal plane at the level of the incisal plate, a statistically significant difference was found between the two recording variables (p<0.001). At this level the BYC provided more retrusive recordings than MI. Arithmetic mean (standard deviations) in mi-llimeters: 3.82 (2.1). Conclusions. The registration system with acrylic rim trays and BYC incorporated into them provides a more retrusive intermaxillary registration than MI in fully edentulous older adults when such registrations are made in the same ses-sion as the final impression.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Resinas Acrílicas , Cuidado Dental para Ancianos , Técnica de Impresión Dental/instrumentación , Boca Edéntula , Registro de la Relación Maxilomandibular/métodos , Argentina , Facultades de Odontología , Dentadura CompletaRESUMEN
Anastomotic leakage is a major complication in gastrointestinal and colorectal surgery and its occurrence increases morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is even higher in Crohn's disease surgeries. Several authors have identified factors involved in the pathophysiology of anastomotic leak in the literature, aiming to reduce its occurrence and, therefore, improve its surgical treatment. Surgical technique is the most discussed topic in studies on guiding the performance of side-to-side stapled anastomosis. Preoperative nutritional therapy also has been shown to reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage. Other factors remain controversial - immunomodulator use and biologic therapy, antibiotics, and gut microbiota - with studies showing a reduction in the risk of complication while other studies show no correlation. Although mesenteric adipose tissue has been related to disease recurrence, there is no evidence in the literature that it is related to a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. Further exploration on this topic is necessary, including prospective research, to support the development of techniques to prevent anastomotic leakage, in this way benefiting the inflammatory bowel disease patients who have to undergo a surgical procedure.
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The human gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms living in our intestines and has emerged as an important factor for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the microbiota composition in Brazilian CRC patients compared with a local control population (CTL) to find out which changes could be considered universal or regional features in CRC microbiota. Fecal samples were obtained from 28 CRC and 23 CTL individuals. The 16S rRNA gene was used for metagenomic analysis. In addition to the anthropometric variables, the clinical stage (TNM 2018) was considered. Patients with CRC had a significant increase in alpha diversity and a higher percentage of genus Prevotella and a decreased proportion of Megamonas and Ruminococcus. Additionally, the proportion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with a better prognosis in the first stages of CRC, and Fusobacterium nucleatum proved to be an important marker of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor aggressiveness. Although regional differences influence the composition of the microbiota, in the case of CRC, the microhabitat created by the tumor seems to be a major factor. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the carcinogenic process, and even in different environments, some factors appear to be characteristic of the microbiota of patients with CRC.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Humanos , Metagenoma , Metagenómica , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
The human gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms living in our intestines and has emerged as an important factor for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the microbiota composition in Brazilian CRC patients compared with a local control population (CTL) to find out which changes could be considered universal or regional features in CRC microbiota. Fecal samples were obtained from 28 CRC and 23 CTL individuals. The 16S rRNA gene was used for metagenomic analysis. In addition to the anthropometric variables, the clinical stage (TNM 2018) was considered. Patients with CRC had a significant increase in alpha diversity and a higher percentage of genus Prevotella and a decreased proportion of Megamonas and Ruminococcus. Additionally, the proportion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with a better prognosis in the first stages of CRC, and Fusobacterium nucleatum proved to be an important marker of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor aggressiveness. Although regional differences influence the composition of the microbiota, in the case of CRC, the microhabitat created by the tumor seems to be a major factor. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the carcinogenic process, and even in different environments, some factors appear to be characteristic of the microbiota of patients with CRC.
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INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The Revista de Gastroenterología de México (RGM), founded in 1935, is one of the most influential journals of scientific dissemination in Mexico and Latin America. The aim of the present review was to characterize the RGM's most frequently cited original articles, review articles, and consensuses. METHODS: The most cited original articles, review articles, and consensuses of the RGM were identified using the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Their designs and topics, as well as their authors and participating institutions, were analyzed. RESULTS: The most highly cited articles of the RGM corresponded to the period from 1996 to 2018, with a mean of 16.5 citations per article. Fifty-eight percent (n = 29) of the articles belonged to the area of gastroenterology and 20% (n = 10) to surgery. The most frequent topics were functional gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis virus, and gastric cancer. Thirty-six percent of the articles had a nonrandomized prospective design, followed by cross-sectional studies (26%) and randomized prospective studies (18%). CONCLUSION: The 50 most-cited articles included a total of 826 citations and the 10 most-cited consensuses and review articles had a total of 208 citations. Those studies encompass a diversity of disciplines related to gastroenterology that have impacted the scientific community and correspond to the work of different active research groups in Mexico and other countries.
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INTRODUCTION: Video capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy are complementary diagnostic methods in the study of small bowel bleeding, and different factors can affect their diagnostic yield. AIMS: To define the level of agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy in small bowel bleeding, according to the type of lesion, in a cohort of patients at a tertiary care referral center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted that included 428 capsule endoscopies performed within the time frame of 2011 and 2019 at our healthcare institution. Seventy-four video capsule endoscopies, followed by enteroscopy, in 71 patients suspected of presenting with small bowel bleeding, were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 63.9 ± 13.5 years and 42 patients were women. The two diagnostic procedures were performed. Overall diagnostic yield of positive findings between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy was 86.5% vs. 58.1%, respectively (p = 0.0527). Agreement between video capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy for positive pathologic findings was weak (Ik = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.0097-0.3543), but according to lesion type, it was good for inflammatory lesions (Ik = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.5182-0.9119) and moderate for angiectasias (Ik = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2469-0.6538) and tumors (Ik = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.1217-0.6794). The results between the two methods differed in 38 patients (51.3%). There was complete intestinal capsule retention in one patient (1.4%) and active bleeding in 13 (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the two techniques had a similar overall detection rate for small bowel lesions, but the type of lesion was the main factor that could modify diagnostic agreement.
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Mexican oregano essential oil (MOO; Lippiaberlandieri Schauer) on broiler performance, carcass variables, meat quality, and sensory evaluation. One-day-old mixed-sex broilers were distributed in the following treatment groups, according to MOO supplementation levels: 0 = control diet; 200 = diet + 2200 mg of MOO/kg; 400 = diet + 4200 mg of MOO/kg; 600 = diet + 6200 mg of MOO/kg; 800 = diet + 8200 mg of MOO/kg; 1000 = diet + 1000 mg of MOO/kg. MOO affected (p 0.05) body weight, feed and water intake, and feed conversion ratio. The 200 and 400 mg/kg formulations gave better results at 7, 14 and 28 d than the other diets. MOO at 1000 mg/kg increased (p 0.05) slaughter weight and hot carcass yield, and decreased meat pH and cooking loss. The 200 and 400 treatments increased breast meat redness (a*), but reduced yellowness (b*). Meat hardness, cohesiveness and resilience were affected (p 0.05) by MOO, but not (p>0.05) the sensory parameters evaluated. Mexican oregano oil presents positive qualities as a plant-derived performance enhancer in broiler diets and improves of the meat quality of broilers at the levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of diet.
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Animales , Carne/análisis , Dieta , Pollos/metabolismo , OriganumRESUMEN
The current study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Mexican oregano essential oil (MOO; Lippiaberlandieri Schauer) on broiler performance, carcass variables, meat quality, and sensory evaluation. One-day-old mixed-sex broilers were distributed in the following treatment groups, according to MOO supplementation levels: 0 = control diet; 200 = diet + 2200 mg of MOO/kg; 400 = diet + 4200 mg of MOO/kg; 600 = diet + 6200 mg of MOO/kg; 800 = diet + 8200 mg of MOO/kg; 1000 = diet + 1000 mg of MOO/kg. MOO affected (p 0.05) body weight, feed and water intake, and feed conversion ratio. The 200 and 400 mg/kg formulations gave better results at 7, 14 and 28 d than the other diets. MOO at 1000 mg/kg increased (p 0.05) slaughter weight and hot carcass yield, and decreased meat pH and cooking loss. The 200 and 400 treatments increased breast meat redness (a*), but reduced yellowness (b*). Meat hardness, cohesiveness and resilience were affected (p 0.05) by MOO, but not (p>0.05) the sensory parameters evaluated. Mexican oregano oil presents positive qualities as a plant-derived performance enhancer in broiler diets and improves of the meat quality of broilers at the levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of diet.(AU)
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Animales , Carne/análisis , Pollos/metabolismo , Origanum , DietaRESUMEN
Tetraspanins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form membrane microdomains. They play important roles in migration, adhesion and other cellular processes. TspanC8, a subfamily of tetraspanins, was found to associate and promote ADAM10 trafficking and cell surface localization. One of its members, Tspan33, is expressed in activated B cells. Using RT-PCR and flow cytometry, we analysed the pattern of expression of Tspan33 in B cells from healthy donors. We found Tspan33 expression in early and late stages of B cell development. However, Tspan33 expression did not correlate with ADAM10 surface expression. We also found expression of Tspan33 early in the activation process. Given its predominant expression in activated B cells and in several lymphomas, but not in naive B cells, we hypothesize that Tspan33 could be a potential target for therapeutic purposes.
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Proteína ADAM10/inmunología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Memoria Inmunológica/inmunología , Tetraspaninas/inmunología , Proteína ADAM10/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos CD19/inmunología , Antígenos CD19/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Citometría de Flujo , Expresión Génica/inmunología , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos/genética , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Tetraspaninas/genética , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The leaching of antimony (Sb) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottling material was assessed in twelve brands of bottled water purchased in Mexican supermarkets by atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a hydride generation system (HG-AFS). Dowex® 1X8-100 ion-exchange resin was used to preconcentrate trace amounts of Sb in water samples. Migration experiments from the PET bottle material were performed in water according to the following storage conditions: 1) temperature (25 and 75°C), 2) pH (3 and 7) and 3) exposure time (5 and 15days), using ultrapure water as a simulant for liquid foods. The test conditions were studied by a 2(3) factorial experimental design. The Sb concentration measured in the PET packaging materials varied between 73.0 and 111.3mg/kg. The Sb concentration (0.28-2.30µg/L) in all of the PET bottled drinking water samples examined at the initial stage of the study was below the maximum contaminant level of 5µg/L prescribed by European Union (EU) regulations. The parameters studied (pH, temperature, and storage time) significantly affected the release of Sb, with temperature having the highest positive significant effect within the studied experimental domain. The highest Sb concentration leached from PET containers was in water samples at pH7 stored at 75°C for a period of 5days. The extent of Sb leaching from the PET ingredients for different brands of drinking water can differ by as much as one order of magnitude in experiments conducted under the worst-case conditions. The chronic daily intake (CDI) caused by the release of Sb in one brand exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulated CDI value of 400ng/kg/day, with values of 514.3 and 566.2ng/kg/day for adults and children. Thus, the appropriate selection of the polymer used for the production of PET bottles seems to ensure low Sb levels in water samples.
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Antimonio/análisis , Agua Potable/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Tereftalatos Polietilenos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Antimonio/química , Embalaje de Alimentos , Temperatura , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Calidad del AguaRESUMEN
Piriformis muscle syndrome has been increasingly recognized as a cause of leg pain. Overuse, strain, or anatomical variations of the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle are thought to be the underlying causes of the entrapment of the sciatic nerve. We report a variation not previously described which was found during a routine dissection. During routine dissection of the left gluteal region of an adult male cadaver we observed a high division of the sciatic nerve and the presence of an accessory piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve divided beneath the piriformis muscle and the common fibular nerve passed over the accessory piriformis muscle, whereas the tibial nerve reflected anteriorly to pass between the accessory piriformis and the superior gemellus muscle. Additionally, both nerves communicated with a side branch under the inferior border of the accessory piriformis muscle and the inferior gluteal nerve originated from the fibular nerve. Anatomical variations in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve may be present in up to 17% of the population. Six different variations have been described and none of them is similar to our description. Though complete understanding of the physiopathology of the piriformis muscle syndrome remains to be elucidated, knowledge of the possible anatomical variations may be useful for its adequate diagnosis and treatment.
El síndrome del músculo piriforme se ha reconocido cada vez más como una causa de dolor en los miembros inferiores. Tensión excesiva o variaciones anatómicas del nervio y del músculo piriforme se cree son las causas subyacentes de pinzamiento del nervio isquiático. Se presenta una variación no descrita anteriormente. Durante una disección de rutina en un cadáver de sexo masculino, se observó una división más alta del nervio isquiático y la presencia de un músculo piriforme accesorio. El nervio isquiático se dividía bajo el músculo piriforme y el nervio fibular común pasaba sobre el músculo piriforme accesorio. Por otra parte, el nervio tibial cruzaba entre los músculos piriforme accesorio y gemelo superior. Además, ambos nervios se comunicaban con un ramo lateral bajo el margen inferior del músculo piriforme accesorio y el nervio glúteo inferior se originaba desde el nervio fibular. Variaciones anatómicas y relaciones entre el músculo piriforme y nervio isquiático pueden estar presentes hasta en el 17% de la población. Seis variaciones diferentes se han descrito en este artículo y ninguna es similar a nuestra descripción. A pesar del completo entendimiento de la fisiopatología del síndrome del músculo piriforme, aún queda por esclarecer y conocer las posibles variaciones anatómicas que pueden ser útiles tanto para su diagnóstico como para el tratamiento adecuado.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nervio Ciático/anomalías , Músculo Esquelético/anomalías , Variación Anatómica , Nalgas/inervación , Cadáver , Músculo Esquelético/inervaciónRESUMEN
Unlike the venous system, variations in arterial anatomy are less frequent and most of them affect visceral arteries. In limbs, variations of the brachial artery are the most reported and at least six different patterns have been described so far. The commonest is the superficial brachial artery which lies superficially to the median nerve. Much less prevalent are the high origin of the radial artery (brachioradial artery) or the existence of a doubled brachial artery (accessory brachial artery). We present a previously undescribed pattern of brachial artery variation. During dissection of the right upper limb of a 60 year-old male embalmed cadaver, we found the bifurcation of the brachial artery in the proximal portion of the middle third of the arm. Its medial branch reaches the medial aspect of the arm, posterior to the median nerve. Afterwards, this medial branch redirects laterally and crosses again the median nerve, this time lying anterior to the nerve until it reaches the lateral aspect of the arm. At the elbow level, the medial branch originates the radial artery. The lateral branch of the brachial artery remains lateral to the median nerve and continues as ulnar artery and originates the interosseus artery.
A diferencia del sistema venoso, las variaciones en la anatomía arterial son menos frecuentes y la mayoría afecta a las arterias viscerales. En los miembros, las variaciones de la arteria braquial son las más informadas y por lo menos seis diferentes patrones han sido descritos. La variación más común es de la arteria braquial superficial que está superficialmente al nervio mediano. Mucho menos frecuente es el origen alto de la arteria braquial radial (la arteria braquiorradial) o la existencia de una arteria braquial doble (arteria braquial accesoria). Presentamos un patrón de variación no descrito de la arteria braquial observado durante la disección del miembro superior derecho de un cadáver en un hombre de 60 años de edad. Encontramos la bifurcación de la arteria braquial en la porción medial del brazo, pasando posterior al nervio mediano. Luego, esta rama medial se redirecciona lateralmente y cruza nuevamente al nervio mediano, esta vez, anterior a él, hasta alcanzar la región lateral del brazo. A nivel de la flexura del codo, la rama medial origina la arteria radial. La rama lateral de la arteria braquial se mantiene lateral al nervio mediano y continúa como arteria ulnar y origina la arteria interósea común.
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Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arteria Braquial/anatomía & histología , Variación Anatómica , CadáverRESUMEN
Copaifera langsdorffii, locally known as copaíba, is a valuable tropical tree with medicinal properties of its oil. We studied the genetic variation, genetic structure, and the mating system of trees in stands of C. langsdorffii (Leguminosae/Caesalpinioideae) located in an extensive area between the Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu basins in São Paulo State, Brazil, and their offspring, conserved in an ex situ germplasm bank at the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, using six microsatellite loci. Leaves were collected from 80 seed trees and from 259 offspring and their DNA extracted. A total of 140 and 175 alleles were found in the seed trees and their offspring, respectively. Low genetic differentiation was observed between stands, indicating intense gene flow due to efficient pollen dispersion vectors. An estimation of the outcrossing rate showed that these stands are outcrossed (tm = 0.98, P > 0.05). The mean variance of the effective population size of each family in two of the stands was 3.69 and 3.43, while the total effective population size retained in the germplasm bank was between 81 and 96. The paternity correlation was low, ranging from 0.052 to 0.148, demonstrating that the families implanted in this germplasm bank are composed predominantly of half-sibs.
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Fabaceae/genética , Flujo Génico , Variación Genética , Polinización/genética , Alelos , Brasil , ADN de Plantas/análisis , ADN de Plantas/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Geografía , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Polen/genética , Reproducción/genética , Semillas/genéticaRESUMEN
Outbreaks of flaviviruses such as dengue (DV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and West Nile (WNV) affect numerous countries around the world. The fast spread of these viruses is the result of increases in the human population, rapid urbanisation and globalisation. While vector control is an important preventive measure against vector-borne diseases, it has failed to prevent the spread of these diseases, particularly in developing countries where the implementation of control measures is intermittent. As antiviral drugs against flaviviruses are not yet available, vaccination remains the most important tool for prevention. Although human vaccines for YFV, TBEV and JEV are available, on-going vaccination efforts are insufficient to prevent infection. No vaccines against DENV and WNV are available. Research advances have provided important tools for flavivirus vaccine development, such as the use of plants as a recombinant antigen production platform. This review summarises the research efforts in this area and highlights why a plant system is considered a necessary alternative production platform for high-tech subunit vaccines.
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Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Biotecnología/métodos , Flavivirus/inmunología , Plantas/metabolismo , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Flavivirus/genética , Infecciones por Flavivirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Flavivirus/prevención & control , Humanos , Vacunas de Subunidad/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: the abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) and liver complications (LC) from parenteral nutrition (PN) are common and usually multifactorial. These factors have not yet been assessed in the adult Mexican population. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the dose prescribed > 1 g/kg is a risk factor for the abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) from PN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cohort study including patients older than 15 years and excluding those managed at the intensive car unit or with abnormalities in liver enzymes before the start of PN. The exposed and non-exposed groups were those receiving > 1 g of lipids per kg of body weight or < 1 g/kg, respectively. LFTs were defined as an increase higher than 50% of the normal range for AST, ALT, AF or total bilirrubin. RESULTS: the incidence of LFTs abnormalities was 20 (47.6%) and 15 (41.6%) in the exposed and non-exposed groups, respectively (RR 1.14 95% IC: 0.69-1.88; p = 0.59). The most frequent liver damage pattern was cholestatic, followed by the mixed pattern and then hepatocellular. The dose of prescribed lipids > 1 g/kg was not associated with the development of LC from LFTs abnormalities. The higher the dose of proteins the lower the frequency of LFTs abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The dose of lipids prescribed >1 g/kg was not associated with the development of LFTs abnormalities from PN in our sample population. These findings should be confirmed in clinical trials.
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Hepatopatías/etiología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Hígado/fisiología , Nutrición Parenteral/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Colestasis/etiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Hígado/enzimología , Hepatopatías/enzimología , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
El ganado Brahman en Colombia es el de mayor participación como raza pura paraproducción de carne, y tiene gran influencia en el ganado comercial. Hasta el momento, Asocebu ha realizado evaluaciones genéticas para características de crecimiento,pero aún no se han realizado para características de la canal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar parámetros genéticos (heredabilidades y correlaciones), y valores genéticos(DEP) para área de ojo del lomo (AOL), grasa dorsal (GD), profundidad del músculo glúteo medio (PMGM) y grasa del anca (GA). Fueron medidos por medio de ultrasonido un total de 934 animales puros, hijos de 164 toros que se encontraban en un rango de edad de 15 a 18 meses. Para los análisis se crearon grupos contemporáneos teniendo en cuenta la época, el sexo y el manejo alimenticio. Se realizó un análisis univariado usando un modelo reproductor, teniendo en cuenta el grupo contemporáneo (animales del mismo sexo, de la misma época y en el mismo manejo alimenticio), la edad fue tomada como covariable y la finca fue incluida en el modelo. Las heredabilidades fueron 0,37 ± 0,11; 0,29 ± 0,10; 0,26 ± 0,10 y 0,11 ± 0,09 para AOL, GD,PMGM y GA respectivamente. Las DEP para AOL variaron de -2,84 a 3,43; para GD de -0,372 a 0,235; para PMGM de -0,187 a 0,235, y para GD de -0,176 a 0,298. Las correlaciones genéticas fueron positivas y altas indicando que la selección por musculatura no afecta el grado de acabado. Este trabajo mostró que en ganado Brahman puro existe variación genética para las características medidas por ultrasonido relacionadas con la canal, lo cual permitirá tenerlas en cuenta en el programa de mejoramiento genético de la raza Brahman en Colombia.
The Brahman cattle in Colombia is the beef cattle of greater participation as a purebreed and has greater influence over the commercial cattle. Until now Asocebu has done Genetic Evaluations for growth traits, but has not done yet for carcass traits. The objective of this work was to determinate genetic parameters (Heritabilities and correlations)and genetic values (DEPS) to rib eye area (REA), back fat (BF), gluteus medius muscledepth of gluteus medius muscle (GMMD) and rump fat (RF). Measurements of 934progenies that were between 15 to 18 months of age of 164 Brahman sires were takenby ultrasound. To perform the analysis was create contemporary groups taking into account (animals of the same sex, same season and same feed managemen). Univariate analysis was performed using a Sire Model taking into account contemporary group(animals of the same sex, same season and same feed management), age as a covariableand the farm effect was included in the model. The estimates of heritabilities were 0.37±0.11, 0.29 ±0.10, 0.26 ±0.10 y 0.11 ±0.09 to REA, BF,GMMD and RF respectively. The EPDS to REA oscillated of -2.84 to 3.43 cm2, for BF of -0.372 to 0.235 mm, for GMMD of -0.187 a 0.235 cm and RF of -0.176 a 0.298 mm. The genetic correlations were positives and highs indicating that the genetic selection by musculature does notaffect the fat endpoint. This work showed that in Pure Brahman cattle exist genetic variation for the carcass characteristics measures by ultrasound and this will allow include them into Genetic Improvement Program from Asocebú Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Animales Domésticos , Carne , Colombia , UltrasonidoRESUMEN
Desde su aparición en 1825, la curva sigmoidea propuesta por Benjamin Gompertz ha sido aplicada en diferentes campos. En ciencias animales se usa frecuentemente para describir el crecimiento de los individuos. En el presente trabajo se muestra un análisis matemático de la función y la construcción de algunos de los parámetros que se obtienen de la misma.
Since its appearing in 1825, the sigmoideal curve proposed by Benjamin Gompertz has been applied in different fields. In animal sciences it is frequently used to describe the individual´s growth. The present work shows a mathematical analysis of the function and the construction of some of the parameters obtained from it.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Animales , CrecimientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In patients with colorectal cancer, involvement of the lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the independent prognostic value of the lymph node ratio (LNR), that is the relationship between the involved and examined lymph nodes, in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Included in the study were 113 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. The patients were divided into three groups according to the proportion of involved lymph nodes: LNR-0, when there was no lymph node involvement; LNR-1, when there was involvement of up to 20% of the examined lymph nodes, and LNR-2, when there was involvement of 21% or more of the examined nodes. The relationship between lymph node ratio, the number of lymph nodes removed, and the number of lymph nodes involved by cancer was determined. The 5-year survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in 5-year overall between patients in the different LNR groups (p=0.009). Patients in the LNR-0 group had a 5-year overall survival greater than 80%, while those in the LNR-1 and LNR-2 groups had 5-year overall survival rates less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the LNR is an independent prognostic variable in 5-year overall survival (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the LNR can be considered an independent prognostic variable in overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer.