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We synthesized seven (Z)-benzylidene-2-(E)-styryloxazol-5(4H)-ones derivatives of cinnamic acid and evaluated the ability of these compounds to inhibit human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE). The most potent compound was evaluated for cognitive improvement in short-term memory. The seven compounds reversibly inhibited the hAChE between 51 and 75% at 300 µM, showed an affinity (Ki) from 2 to 198 µM, and an IC50 from 9 to 246 µM. Molecular docking studies revealed that all binding moieties are involved in the non-covalent interactions with hAChE for all compounds. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out to predict the compounds' blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. The most potent inhibitor of hAChE significantly improved cognitive impairment in a modified Y-maze test (5 µmol/kg) and an Object Recognition Test (10 µmol/kg). Our results can help the rational design of hAChE inhibitors to work as potential candidates for treating cognitive disorders.
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Acetilcolinesterasa , Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Oxazolona , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cognición , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Introducción: la intervención de enfermería en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardiaco constituye el eje articular de las acciones de planeación, desarrollo y evaluación; lo que permite atender el proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y ansiedad de los pacientes sometido a cateterismo cardiaco, antes y después de aplicar una intervención educativa. Metodología: investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio a 70 pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardiaco por primera vez, se aplicaron dos instrumentos validados para medir el nivel de conocimiento y ansiedad con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.90; la recolección fue en dos fases, pretest y postest, la primera antes de la cirugia; la segunda posterior al procedimiento y se compararon los resultados de ambos test en búsqueda de mejores resultados. Resultados: media de edad de 60 - 79 años; 68.6% hombres y 31.4% mujeres; el nivel de conocimientos del pretest fue de 52.9% regular y postest, excelente con un 50%; en cuanto a la ansiedad el pretest el 97.1% reportó grave, mientras que en el postest, el 80% reportó moderado. Conclusiones: el aporte de conocimientos por parte del personal de enfermería a través del rol educador, favorece a los pacientes que son sometidos a un cateterismo cardiaco, que se refleja en disminución de ansiedad e incremento de calidad de vida.
Introduction:The nursing intervention in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization constitutes the articular axis of planning, development and evaluation actions; which allows to attend the learning process. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the level of knowledge and anxiety of the patient undergoing cardiac catheterization, before and after applying an educational intervention. Methodology: Investigation with a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory approach to 70 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for the first time. Two validated instruments were applied to measure the level of knowledge and anxiety with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.90; the collection was in two phases, pre and post test, the first before surgery; the second after the procedure, the results of both tests were compared in search of better results. Results: Average age of 60-79 years, 68.6% men and 31.4% women; the level of knowledge of the pre-test was 52.9% regular and post-test, excellent with 50%; regarding anxiety, the pre-test 97.1% serious, post-test, 80% moderate. Conclusions: The contribution of knowledges by the nursing staff through the educator role, favors patients who undergo cardiac catheterization, which is reflected in the reduction of seniority and the increase in the quality of life.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Capacitación Profesional , Personal de Enfermería/educación , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , MéxicoRESUMEN
Los sistemas cementantes han mejorado notablemente, los objetivos que persiguen los nuevos cementos es que la adhesión sea duradera y conseguir siempre que sea posible una interface cerrada con un sellado perfecto. Se han podido desarrollar nuevas técnicas y nuevos materiales de cementación que han ido perfeccionando la unión del material restaurador al diente. En el presente estudio se compara la fuerza de adhesión a dentina de cementos de autograbado y cementos de grabado total para comprobar los efectos positivos en el grabado de la dentina. Para el estudio se utilizaron dos cementos a base de resina (RelyX U200 Clicker 3M y RelyX Ultimate 3M). Se encapsularon 40 molares en acrílico en dos grupos de 20 muestras para la aplicación de dos sistemas cementantes de autograbado (grupo 1) y de grabado total (grupo 2), respectivamente, se desgastaron hasta descubrir la dentina; siguiendo las especificaciones del fabricante se colocó el cemento en cada grupo, y después se sometieron a pruebas de cizalla en una máquina de ensayo universal Instron. La medida expresada en megapascales (MPa) fue: grupo 1 = 7.5569 y grupo 2 = 12.6444. En este caso fueron analizados dos grupos, tomándose la primera significancia bilateral. Se realiza la prueba en t de Student, con 95% de intervalo de confianza en la diferencia, demostrando así que el cemento RelyX Ultimate 3M tiene mayor fuerza de adhesión que el cemento RelyX U200 Clicker 3M. Nuestra investigación fue factible y llegamos a nuestro propósito, en el cual comprobamos la mayor adhesión de cementos de grabado total, los cuales son sometidos a un previo tratamiento del diente (AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Grabado Ácido Dental , Cementación , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia al Corte , Resistencia a la Tracción , Dentina/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among bariatric patients; this study aimed to determine whether a cognitive dissonance-based virtual program improved adherence to multivitamin use in bariatric patients from northern Mexico. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial of the supplementation strategy was conducted over three months. The participants were randomized to an intervention or waitlisted control group and received two psycho-educative and four cognitive dissonance virtual sessions. Multiple linear regression was used to determine standardized estimates of associations between the intervention and dependent variables. Two path analyses were evaluated considering baseline and post-test measurements. RESULTS: Intervention was associated with higher concentrations of Hb (ß=0.758, p<0.001), vitamin D (ß=0.577, p<0.001), iron (ß=0.523, p<0.001), folate (ß=0.494, p<0.01), calcium (ß=0.452, p<0.01), higher adherence (ß=0.467, p<0.001), and level of knowledge (ß=0.298, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The dissonance-based intervention potentiated the level of supplementation adherence. A higher level of adherence was reflected in micronutrient concentrations, thus providing confirmation of intervention. Thus, support is found for a multidisciplinary clinical practice that enhances nutrition status after bariatric surgery for obesity.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad Mórbida , Disonancia Cognitiva , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácido Fólico , Humanos , Micronutrientes , VitaminasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight, shape-related appearance behaviors (body image dissatisfaction), and bulimic symptoms in nonclinical participants is poorly evaluated. This study aimed to identify the relationship between labor status, confinement degree due to COVID-19, dissatisfaction with body image, and anxiety and to discover its effect on bulimic behavior in Mexican adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 276 participants via an online survey. Questions addressed their anxiety, body image dissatisfaction, and bulimic behavior. RESULTS: The path analysis showed direct effects on the confinement degree (ß = -0.157); of the labor situation (ß = -0.147) and gender (ß = 0.129) on anxiety; of dissatisfaction on bulimic behavior (ß = 0.443) and anxiety about bulimic behavior (ß = 0.184); and dissatisfaction (ß = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS: The confinement, gender, and labor status are predictors of anxiety, while anxiety and body dissatisfaction directly influence bulimic behavior.
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Heavy-metal (HM) contamination is a huge environmental problem in many countries including Mexico. Currently, microorganisms with multiple heavy-metal resistance and/or plant-promoting characteristics have been widely used for bioremediation of HM-contaminated soils. The aim of the study was isolated bacteria with multiple heavy-metal resistance and to determinate the resistance mechanism developed by these organisms. A total of 138 aerobic bacteria were isolated from soil and sediments surrounding the Lerma-Chapala basin located in the boundary of the States of Michoacán and Jalisco states of Mexico. One hundred and eight strains showed at least 1 plant growth-promoting features. The Lerma-Chapala basin bacteria were also resistant to high concentrations of HMs including the metalloid arsenic. Sequence analysis of 16S RNA genes reveled that these bacteria were mainly affiliated to the phyla Proteobacteria (38%), Firmicutes (31%) and Actinobacteria (25%), covering 21 genera with Bacillus as the most abundant one. Among them, at least 27 putative novel species were detected in the genera Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Dyadobacter, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Kluyvera, Micrococcus, Microbacterium and Psychrobacter. In addition, these bacteria developed various heavy-metal-resistance mechanisms, such as biosorption/bioaccumulation, immobilization and detoxification. Therefore, the bacteria isolated from soils and sediments of Lerma-Chapala basin could be used in bioremediation strategies.
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Bacterias/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Metales Pesados/análisis , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Arsénico/análisis , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , México , Desarrollo de la Planta , Suelo/química , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
Intraocular retinoblastoma treatment has changed radically over the last decade, leading to a notable improvement in ocular survival. However, eyes that relapse remain difficult to treat, as few alternative active drugs are available. More challenging is the scenario of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, in which almost no advancements have been made. Both clinical scenarios represent an urgent need for new drugs. Using an integrated multidisciplinary approach, we developed a decision process for prioritizing drug selection for local (intravitreal [IVi], intrathecal/intraventricular [IT/IVt]), systemic, or intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) treatment by means of high-throughput pharmacological screening of primary cells from two patients with intraocular tumor and CNS metastasis and a thorough database search to identify clinical and biopharmaceutical data. This process identified 169 compounds to be cytotoxic; only 8 are FDA-approved, lack serious toxicities and available for IVi administration. Four of these agents could also be delivered by IT/IVt. Twelve FDA-approved drugs were identified for systemic delivery as they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and lack serious adverse events; four drugs are of oral usage and six compounds that lack vesicant or neurotoxicity could be delivered by IAC. We also identified promising compounds in preliminary phases of drug development including inhibitors of survivin, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, methyltransferase, and kinesin proteins. This systematic approach may be applied more broadly to prioritize drugs to be repurposed or to identify novel hits for use in retinoblastoma treatment.
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Descubrimiento de Drogas/organización & administración , Neoplasias de la Retina/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinoblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , Infusiones Intraventriculares , Inyecciones Espinales , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias de la Retina/patología , Retinoblastoma/patologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Preventive measures taken during periods of health crisis, specifically in pandemics, have consistently been associated with detrimental effects on mental health. Isolation and loneliness are indirect effects of these preventive measures. Given these premises, monitoring the behavior of the population in the face of these eventualities becomes important. Worry as an indirect measure of anxiety and stress enables one to recognize subjects who are vulnerable to phenomena of high uncertainty, since measures taken to avoid excessive contagion can have high costs for this population. This phenomenon has been consistently observed in other pandemics such as H1/N1 influenza. Objective To determine the prevalence of worry and perceived risk of contagion in the Guadalajara population during the COVID-19 quarantine and to identify differentiating effects. Method A total of 255 people from western Mexico (Guadalajara, Jalisco) voluntarily participated by answering the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) adapted to Mexican population. The average age of the respondents, aged between 18 and 70 years, was 31.71 (± 5.19). A total of 170 women and 85 men participated in the study. Results 40.12% of the population scored high levels of worry, making them vulnerable to mental health conditions. Subjects favored the prevention of a contagion regardless of whether they were self-isolated. The only variable that had a differential effect was sex (p < .05), and there were no differences in educational attainment, occupational demandingness, and isolation between the groups. Discussion and conclusion A preventive attitude was observed among the participants, and so it is important to implement strategies that will prevent mental health costs in those who express excessive worry to avoid saturating mental health services.
Resumen Introducción Las medidas preventivas tomadas durante periodos de crisis de salud, específicamente en las pandemias, se han asociado constantemente a efectos perjudiciales en la salud mental. El aislamiento y la soledad son efectos indirectos de estas medidas preventivas. Dadas estas premisas, monitorear la conducta de la población ante estas eventualidades cobra importancia. La preocupación como medida indirecta de la ansiedad y el estrés puede permitir reconocer aquellos sujetos que se encuentren en una situación de vulnerabilidad ante fenómenos de alta incertidumbre, por lo que las medidas tomadas para evitar contagios excesivos pueden tener un costo alto para dicha población. Este fenómeno se ha observado consistentemente en otras pandemias como la de la influenza H1/N1. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de preocupación y riesgo de contagio percibido en población tapatía durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 e identificar efectos diferenciadores. Método Un total de 255 personas del occidente de México (Guadalajara, Jalisco) participaron voluntariamente contestando el Cuestionario de Preocupación del Pensilvania (PWSQ) adaptado a la población mexicana. La edad promedio fue de 31.71 (± 5.19) de entre los 18 y los 70 años. Un total de 170 mujeres y 85 hombres participaron en la encuesta. Resultados El 40.12% de la población alcanzó puntajes altos de preocupación, que los vuelven vulnerables a los padecimientos de salud mental. Se expresaron datos favorables en pro de la prevención de un contagio independientemente de si se estaba en situación de aislamiento o no. Por otro lado, la única variable que tuvo un efecto diferencial fue la del sexo (p < .05), mientras que la escolaridad, la exigencia ocupacional y el aislamiento no mostraron diferencias entre grupos. Discusión y conclusión Se observa una actitud de prevención en los participantes; es importante realizar estrategias que eviten que haya costes a razón de la salud mental en aquellos que muestra preocupación excesiva para evitar la saturación de los servicios de salud mental.
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La patología coronaria no es frecuente dentro de la población joven. El diagnóstico en la paciente obstétrica no es fácil dado los cambios fisiológicos que esta población presenta. La disección espontánea de una arteria coronaria es una afección muy poco frecuente que puede ser causa de isquemia miocárdica y asociarse a un síndrome coronario agudo. Se trata del caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 38 años cursando 33 semanas de gestación, la cual presentó un síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST, por una disección coronaria, desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normo inserta (DPPNI) y óbito fetal.
Coronary disease is infrequent among young population. Diagnosis in the obstetric population is not easy, due to the physiological changes that this population presents. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection, not a frequent medical condition, can be a cause of myocardial ischemia and be associated with and acute coronary syndrome. We present the case of a 38-year-old female patient, at 33 weeks gestation, who presented an acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation, caused by coronary artery dissection. This syndrome was accompanied with abruptio placentae and fetal death.
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Cesárea , Desprendimiento Prematuro de la Placenta , Muerte Fetal , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Urgencias Médicas , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/etiología , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to review the most relevant evidence on the nurses' attitudes towards witnessed resuscitation, in the inpatient and out-of-hospital spheres. METHOD: integrative literature review, covering the period from 2008 till 2015, using the databases PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO; in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The pediatric context was excluded from the study. RESULTS: the synthesis of the data resulted in the inclusion of 10 articles, categorized as: positive attitudes and negative attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: discrepancies exist among the nurses from different contexts and geographical regions towards the concept; protocols need to be established for this situation, in view of the advantages evidenced in the literature, for the nursing professionals as well as the relatives. Witnessed resuscitation can represent an opportunity to understand and cope with the rational and irrational in the situation in a shared manner, as well as mitigate or dignify the mourning.
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Familia/psicología , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Resucitación/enfermería , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Humanos , Resucitación/psicologíaRESUMEN
Breast cancer can be classified into molecular subtypes. Tumors overexpressing HER2 protein are more aggressive and metastatic; hence, patients have a poor prognosis. Anti-HER2 strategies, such as the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab (Tz), have therefore been developed. Despite this progress, not all patients respond to the treatment. Retinoic acid (RA) has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma because of its ability to inhibit cell growth. We evaluated the effect of Tz in combination with RA on the viability, adhesion, migration, invasion and expression of migration-related proteins in SKBR3 and BT-474 human breast cancer cells. MTT, pharmacological interaction analysis, immunofluorescence, adhesion/migration/invasion and Western blot assays were performed. The coadministration of both drugs synergistically decreased cell survival. Tz+RA significantly decreased adhesion/migration/invasion in both cell types. Tz+RA strongly reduced FAK and HER2 expression and induced nuclear FAK translocation. In addition, a granular distribution of HER2 receptor was observed after the combined treatment. In conclusion, the coadministration of both drugs in patients with this type of cancer could contribute to the improvement of their prognosis and reduce the adverse effects of therapy because the applied Tz doses would be lower due to the adjuvant effect of RA.
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The aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize the potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a new series of bioisosteres and hybrids from known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The compounds 4-(acetylamino)phenyl (2S)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanoate (GUF-1) and 4-(acetylamino)phenyl 2-(R,S)-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoate (GUF-2) were synthesized as hybrids (also known as heterodimers); whereas those named 2-(R,S)-(4-isobutylphenyl)-N-1H-tetrazol-5-ylpropanamide (GUF-3), (2S)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-N-1H-tetrazol-5-ylpropanamide (GUF-4), [2-(R,S)-N-hydroxy-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanamide] (GUF-5), and (2S)-N-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanamide (GUF-6) were synthesized as bioisosteres of the NSAIDs paracetamol, ibuprofen, and naproxen, respectively. All these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Antinociceptive activity of GUF-1 to GUF-6 was evaluated using the formalin test in rats. Pharmacological responses of GUF-1, GUF-2 (hybrids), and GUF-5 (bioisostere) demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects; thus these compounds were assayed in an inflammation test like carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Complete molecular docking of cyclooxygenase and the GUF-1 and GUF-2 hybrids showed high docking scores, compared to the reference drugs. Our data demonstrate that compounds GUF-1, GUF-2, and GUF-5 possesses antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities resembling and improving those known for the traditional NSAIDs, paracetamol, naproxen and ibuprofen.
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Acetaminofén/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Ibuprofeno/síntesis química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular/métodos , Naproxeno/síntesis química , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Acetaminofén/metabolismo , Acetaminofén/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Sitios de Unión/fisiología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Femenino , Ibuprofeno/metabolismo , Ibuprofeno/farmacología , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Naproxeno/metabolismo , Naproxeno/farmacología , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to review the most relevant evidence on the nurses' attitudes towards witnessed resuscitation, in the inpatient and out-of-hospital spheres. Method: integrative literature review, covering the period from 2008 till 2015, using the databases PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO; in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The pediatric context was excluded from the study. Results: the synthesis of the data resulted in the inclusion of 10 articles, categorized as: positive attitudes and negative attitudes. Conclusions: discrepancies exist among the nurses from different contexts and geographical regions towards the concept; protocols need to be established for this situation, in view of the advantages evidenced in the literature, for the nursing professionals as well as the relatives. Witnessed resuscitation can represent an opportunity to understand and cope with the rational and irrational in the situation in a shared manner, as well as mitigate or dignify the mourning.
RESUMO Objetivo: revisar a evidência mais relevante sobre as atitudes das enfermeiras quanto à reanimação presenciada nos âmbitos intra e extra-hospitalar. Metodologia: revisão integrativa da literatura, abrangendo os anos 2008 a 2015, utilizando-se as bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO; em espanhol, inglês e português. Exclui-se do estudo o âmbito pediátrico. Resultados: a síntese dos dados deu como resultado a inclusão de 10 artigos categorizados em: atitudes positivas e atitudes negativas. Conclusões: discrepâncias entre as enfermeiras de diferentes áreas e zonas geográficas diante de dito conceito. A necessidade de protocolar essa situação, dadas as vantagens que a literatura evidencia, tanto para profissionais enfermeiros como para familiares. A reanimação presenciada pode ser uma oportunidade de entender e enfrentar de forma compartilhada os lados racional e irracional da situação e atenuar ou dignificar o luto.
RESUMEN Objetivo: revisar la evidencia más relevante acerca de las actitudes de las enfermeras en cuanto a la reanimación presenciada en el ámbito tanto intra como extrahospitalario. Metodología: revisión integradora de la literatura, abarcando los años de 2008 a 2015, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs y SciELO; en español, inglés y portugués. Se excluyen del estudio el ámbito pediátrico. Resultados: la síntesis de los datos dio como resultado la inclusión de 10 artículos, categorizándolos en: actitudes positivas y actitudes negativas. Conclusiones: existen discrepancias entre las enfermeras de diferentes ámbitos y zonas geográficas ante dicho concepto; hay necesidad de protocolizar dicha situación dadas las ventajas que la literatura evidencia tanto para los profesionales enfermeros como para los familiares. La reanimación presenciada puede ser una oportunidad de entender y afrontar de forma compartida lo racional y lo irracional de la situación y atenuar o dignificar el duelo.
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Humanos , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Enfermería de Urgencia , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Relaciones Familiares , Paro CardíacoRESUMEN
The purpose of this research was to examine the preclinical efficacy of a decoction from the roots of Acourtia thurberi as a hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperalgesic agent using well-known experimental models in mice. Acute oral administration of A. thurberi decoction did not produce toxic effects in mice, according to the Lorke procedure. A. thurberi decoction (31.6-316.2 mg/kg, p.âo.) decreased blood glucose levels during acute hypoglycemic and the oral glucose tolerance and oral sucrose tolerance tests, both in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic animals. Phytochemical analysis of A. thurberi roots led to the isolation of perezone (1), a mixture of α-pipitzol (2) and ß-pipitzol (3), and 8-ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-coumarin (4). A pharmacological evaluation of compounds 1-4 (3.2-31.6 mg/kg) using the same assays revealed their hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic actions. Finally, local administration of A. thurberi decoction (31.6-316.2 µg/paw) and compounds 1-4 (3.2-31.6 µg/paw) produced significant inhibition on the licking time during the formalin test in healthy and hyperglycemic mice, demonstrating their antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic potential, respectively. Altogether, these results could be related to the use of A. thurberi for treating diabetes and painful complaints in contemporary Mexican folk medicine. A suitable UPLC-ESI/MS method was developed and successfully applied to quantify simultaneously compounds 1 and 4 in A. thurberi decoction.
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Asteraceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , México , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Niacinamida/efectos adversos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estreptozocina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: PAI-1 is the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Increase in PAI-1 levels has been associated with the risk of coronary disease; however, there are few studies on the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and PAI-1 levels. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between PAI-1 level and carotid intima-media thickness in premenopausal and postmenopausal women without apparent cardiovascular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 142 women aged 45 to 60 years with no history of cardiovascular disease. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed, including PAI-1 levels. All participants underwent a B-Mode ultrasound to measure intima-media thickness. Subclinical atherosclerosis was considered when intima-media thickness was ≥ 0.7 mm and/or an atheromatous plaque was observed. RESULTS: Postmenopausal women had greater intima-media thickness than premenopausal women (0.688 ± 0.129 vs. 0.621 ± 0.113 mm; p < 0.05). Compared to women with normal intima-media thickness, women with subclinical atherosclerosis had higher PAI-1 levels (23.2 ± 13.7 vs. 30.4 ± 20.7 ng/ml; p < 0.05). In all participants, intima-media thickness correlated with PAI-1 (r = 0.302; p = 0.01) and with age (r = 0.358; p = 0001). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in intima-media thickness was observed in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. Asymptomatic women with increased intima-media thickness had higher PAI-1 levels. These findings suggest that fibrinolytic activity is low in the subclinical stage of atherosclerosis.
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Aterosclerosis/patología , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/sangre , Posmenopausia , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Fibrinólisis/fisiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , PremenopausiaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Epicardial adipose tissue has been associated with several obesity-related parameters and with insulin resistance. Echocardiographic assessment of this tissue is an easy and reliable marker of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are insufficient studies on the relationship between epicardial fat and insulin resistance during the postmenopausal period, when cardiovascular risk increases in women. The objective of this study was to examine the association between epicardial adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue, waist circumference, body mass index, and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in 34 postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome. All participants underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram and body composition analysis. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between epicardial fat and visceral adipose tissue, body mass index, and waist circumference. The values of these correlations of epicardial fat thickness overlying the aorta-right ventricle were r = 0.505 (P < .003), r = 0.545 (P < .001), and r = 0.515 (P < .003), respectively. Epicardial adipose tissue was higher in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome than in those without this syndrome (mean [standard deviation], 544.2 [122.9] vs 363.6 [162.3] mm(2); P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Epicardial fat thickness measured by echocardiography was associated with visceral adipose tissue and other obesity parameters. Epicardial adipose tissue was higher in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, echocardiographic assessment of epicardial fat may be a simple and reliable marker of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.
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Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Menopausia/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Pericardio , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância do terapeuta infantil manter dentro de si uma visão binocular, que priorize tanto a escuta do mundo interno de seu pequeno paciente, mas também as interferências do inconsciente familiar e materno na sintomatologia infantil e no setting analítico. Partindo da perspectiva de que o mundo interno do infance se constrói também, embora não somente, pela demanda inconsciente dos pais, será ainda propósito deste artigo demonstrar como, neste caso clínico, a sintomatologia da criança foi influenciada por conflitivas inconscientes maternas e pela modalidade de cuidado parental presente nesta família...
This study aims to discuss the importance for a child therapist to keep a binocular vision which both prioritizes listening to the inner world of his/her little patient and the interferences of the family and maternal unconscious in the child symptomatology and in the analytic setting. From the perspective that the infant's inner world is also, although not only, built by the parental unconscious demand, the further purpose of this study is to demonstrate how, in this clinical case, the symptoms of the child were influenced by maternal unconscious conflicts and by the parental care modality existing in such family...
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la importancia del terapeuta infantil mantener dentro de si una visión binocular que priorice tanto la escucha del mundo interno de su pequeño paciente, pero también las interferencias del inconsciente familiar y materno en la sintomatología infantil en el setting analítico. Partiendo de la perspectiva de que el mundo interno del infante se construye también, aunque no solamente, por la demanda inconsciente de los padres, va a ser todavía propósito de este artículo demonstrar cómo, en este caso clínico, la sintomatología del niño ha sido influenciada por conflictivas inconscientes maternas y por la modalidad de cuidado parental presente en esta familia...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Relaciones Familiares , Ludoterapia , Psicología InfantilRESUMEN
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância do terapeuta infantil manter dentro de si uma visão binocular, que priorize tanto a escuta do mundo interno de seu pequeno paciente, mas também as interferências do inconsciente familiar e materno na sintomatologia infantil e no setting analítico. Partindo da perspectiva de que o mundo interno do infance se constrói também, embora não somente, pela demanda inconsciente dos pais, será ainda propósito deste artigo demonstrar como, neste caso clínico, a sintomatologia da criança foi influenciada por conflitivas inconscientes maternas e pela modalidade de cuidado parental presente nesta família.(AU)
This study aims to discuss the importance for a child therapist to keep a binocular vision which both prioritizes listening to the inner world of his/her little patient and the interferences of the family and maternal unconscious in the child symptomatology and in the analytic setting. From the perspective that the infant's inner world is also, although not only, built by the parental unconscious demand, the further purpose of this study is to demonstrate how, in this clinical case, the symptoms of the child were influenced by maternal unconscious conflicts and by the parental care modality existing in such family.(AU)
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la importancia del terapeuta infantil mantener dentro de si una visión binocular que priorice tanto la escucha del mundo interno de su pequeño paciente, pero también las interferencias del inconsciente familiar y materno en la sintomatología infantil en el setting analítico. Partiendo de la perspectiva de que el mundo interno del infante se construye también, aunque no solamente, por la demanda inconsciente de los padres, va a ser todavía propósito de este artículo demonstrar cómo, en este caso clínico, la sintomatología del niño ha sido influenciada por conflictivas inconscientes maternas y por la modalidad de cuidado parental presente en esta familia.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Ludoterapia , Psicología Infantil , Relaciones FamiliaresRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the endogenous opioid participation in the antinociceptive effect of R. officinalis aerial parts in experimental models of visceral, inflammatory and gout arthritis nociception. Acid-acetic induced writhing and formalin tests as well as the pain-induced functional impairment model in the rat (PIFIR) assay were studied. Antinociceptive doses of R. officinalis via oral, alone and in presence of an opioid antagonist were evaluated in comparison to the reference analgesic drug tramadol (31.6 and 50mg/kg i.p., in mice and rats, respectively). The antinociceptive effect of R. officinalis at a 300mg/kg dosage was significantly reverted in presence of 1.0mg/ kg s.c. of naloxone in writhing and formalin tests. Concerning PIFIR model, significant antinociceptive response produced for 1000 and 3000mg/kg was not inhibited in presence of 1.0 or 3.16mg/kg, s.c. of naloxone. In the antinociceptive effect of tramadol, naloxone produced partial inhibition in all models tested. These results suggest that antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of R. officinalis aerial parts involve endogenous opioids, but activation of these mediators depends on the experimental model and the physiological process of the induced nociception.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la participación de los opioides endógenos en el efecto antinociceptivo producido por un extracto preparado con las partes aéreas de Rosmarinus officinalis en modelos experimentales de nocicepción visceral, inflamatoria y tipo artritis gotosa. Para la inducción de nocicepción visceral e inflamatoria se utilizaron los modelos de estiramiento abdominal "writhing" y de formalina intraplantar al 1 %, respectivamente, en ratones. A su vez, para la nocicepción de tipo artritis gotosa se utilizó el modelo de disfunción inducida por ácido úrico al 20% intraarticular en ratas conocido como PIFIR (por sus siglas en inglés). Dosis antinociceptivas de R. officinalis vía oral se evaluaron solas y en presencia del antagonista de opioides endógenos naloxona. Adicionalmente, dicho efecto se comparó con el fármaco analgésico de referencia tramadol (31.6 y 50mg/kg i.p., en ratones y ratas, respectivamente). El efecto antinociceptivo de R. officinalis significativo en la dosis de 300mg/kg se revirtió en presencia de 1mg/kg s.c. de naloxona en las pruebas de estiramiento abdominal y formalina. En cuanto al modelo PIFIR, la respuesta antinociceptiva producida por 1000 y 3000mg/kg no se inhibió en presencia de 1 o 3.16mg/kg, s.c. de naloxona. En el efecto de tramadol, opioide atípico, la naloxona produjo inhibición parcial de la respuesta antinociceptiva en todos los modelos probados. Los resultados sugieren que la actividad antinociceptiva producida por el extracto de las partes aéreas de R. officinalis involucra al sistema de opioides endógenos, pero la presencia de estos mediadores depende del tipo de estímulo y del proceso fisiológico involucrado en la nocicepción inducida.