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Inoculation of an established endothelial cell line from transgenic mouse hemangiomas (Py-4-1) into histocompatible mice induced vascular tumor formation at the site of infection with 100% frequency. Histological and hematological studies revealed that the mice developed hemangiomas with hematological changes similar to those found in the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in humans, including hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. Modifications in the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet count were directly correlated with the size of the hemangioma. Thus transgenic endothelial cell injection into histocompatible mice provides an in vivo model system to study the pathobiology of hemangiomas as well as the investigation of angiogenesis inhibitors.

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The research examined knowledge, fear, homophobia, and the willingness to care for persons with AIDS. The subjects were 45 faculty members from nursing programs in a mid-southern state. The study was an extension of an earlier study by Lester and Beard (1988). A 56-item questionnaire consisting of knowledge and attitude questions was used. Attitude questions were categorized into fear, homophobia, and the intent to give care. With the level of significance set at (p less than .01), homophobia and fear were significantly correlated positively. Knowledge was not significantly correlated with any of the variables. Findings suggest that AIDS education should be directed toward changing attitudes and values by promoting learning in the affective domain.

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There is more to the story of CO poisoning than anemic hypoxia and more to its treatment than breathing 100% oxygen. For moderate to severe poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the treatment of choice. Hyperbaric oxygen can bypass bound hemoglobin and can oxygenate tissues by dissolving oxygen in plasma. In addition, HBO appears to retard encephalopathic sequelae. Recent studies have indicated that the mechanism for that is prevention of the rise of brain lipid peroxides in CO victims. HBO therapy also drastically reduces the time it takes to eliminate CO by respirations.

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Kidneys from young fowl fed a salt deficient diet for up to five weeks were examined under the electron microscope. The presence of maculae densae (MD) were confirmed and the concentrations of nuclei in the MD and the remainder of the distal convoluted tubules were compared. In the proximal convoluted tubules, salt deprivation caused mitochondrial changes, an increase in intranuclear and cytoplasmic lipid and the deposition of urates. Regional thickening of the glomerular basement membrane was observed in many kidneys. In the normal kidney, there is an age dependent increase in the juxtaglomerular granules in the cortical glomeruli (P less than 0.02), but not in the juxtamedullary glomeruli. In salt deprived birds, juxtaglomerular granules were increased in the juxtamedullary glomeruli (P less than 0.01) but not in the cortical glomeruli. Salt deprivation also caused a significant reduction in bodyweight after five weeks (P less than 0.002) and increases in heterophil (P less than 0.02) and monocyte (P less than 0.05) counts in the blood.

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The morphological changes in deep pectoral myopathy of broilers have been studied by light- and electron-microscopy and histochemistry from 15 min to 15 months after its experimental induction. Oedema, mild alterations in some organelles and loss of glycogen were present throughout the supracoracoid muscle within 15 min but its anterior region quickly returned to normal. After 1 hour there were ultrastructural indications of the onset of permanent damage to the muscle and its associated vasculature and by 24 hours there was histological and ultrastructural evidence of ischaemic necrosis and glucan phosphorylase and myosin adenosine triphosphatase were reduced. By 3 days phagocytosis was established at the edge of the ischaemic, necrotic muscle and by 9 days there was capsule formation and active muscle regeneration in this location. Grossly the muscle now had the green periphery and pink interior characteristic of the naturally-occurring myopathy and it subsequently became of drier consistency. At the 3rd week atrophic muscle fibres were seen in the caudal region and by the 6th week this part had become an attenuated band of fibro-adipose tissue containing sparse groups of atrophic muscle fibres. There were morphological indications of reduced numbers of nerve fibres in this region. By the 6th month the atrophic region was unchanged and phagocytosis and overall regeneration had become quiescent. Thus, although regeneration was initially active, the extensive destruction in experimental myopathy was never completely replaced by new muscle.

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Urolithiasis and kidney disease as causes of significant mortality in fowls were investigated in two flocks of commercial laying birds on farms where outbreaks had occurred previously. The investigation, covering the first 10-11 months of egg production, included macroscopic and histological examination of individual cases of the disease, biochemical studies on blood samples collected at regular intervals from marked birds and the analysis of feed samples taken at the same time. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition was not established and the various investigations carried out did not reveal any consistent features. The possibility of an association between infectious bronchitis virus and the pathological entity described in the paper is discussed.

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Attitudinal data obtained from interviewing random samples of women and men physicians in metropolitan Detroit indicated that women were generally more liberal and egalitarian than men. Older women were more liberal/egalitarian than older men while younger men were closer in attitudes to younger women. Within specialities, women and men physicians frequently held similar attitudinal scores; however, controlling for age, sex accounted for more variation than did specialty. A weighted combination of variables which together most significantly discriminated between age and sex subgroups pointed to a sensitivity dimension. This was stronger in the women; yet men demonstrating a similar sensitivity were found in almost every age and specialty grouping. Although younger men physicians are less conservative than older men physicians, both younger and older women physicians demonstrated strong liberalism/egalitarianism.

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1. Angiography of the supracoracoid muscles of broiler breeder hens after neurostimulation of the breast muscles showed that complete ischaemia developed within 10 min and persisted for at least 1 h. After 24 h ischaemia remained only in the middle 1/4-1/3 of the muscle, coinciding with the main site of necrotic lesions found in experimental and spontaneous deep pectoral myopathy. 2. The development of ischaemia was prevented when the deep pectoral fascia was incised along its length before neurostimulation. 3. An increase in subfascial pressure in the supracoracoid was observed during 30 min after neurostimulation in both broiler breeder and lightweight hens. This was greater in the broiler breeder hens and more than sufficient to arrest blood flow. 4. During the first hour after neurostimulation an increase of 20% occurs in the weight of the supracoracoid muscle of both types of hen but only the broiler hens developed ischaemia. 5. It is suggested that the immediate cause of the ischaemia following neurostimulation is a rise in intramuscular pressure due to the increased muscle volume within an osteofascial compartment of limited size. The basic difference between the two types of bird in their susceptibility to this type of ischaemia and to deep pectoral myopathy probably lies in the relative development of the supracoracoid and its overlying fascia.

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In a previous publication evidence was produced indicating that deep pectoral myopathy (Oregon disease) of turkeys and broilers may be analogous to "march gangrene" of man, a condition which results from strangulation of exercised anterior tibial muscles in a tight, inelastic myofascial compartment. A similar situation pertains in the heavy-chested domestic birds, where the supracoracoid muscle is also enclosed in an osteofascial compartment which prevents the normal enlargement of exercised muscle. In the present experiment it is shown that the supracoracoid myopathy induced experimentally by indirect muscle stimulation can be prevented by surgical incision of the constricting fascia. This would confirm the pathogenesis we have suggested for experimental and spontaneous deep pectoral myopathy. In light-weight, laying strains deep pectoral fasciotomy is ineffective in preventing the development of similar lesions brought about by experimental vascular occlusion.

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Thirty min occlusion of the subclavian artery of commercial strains of adult light-weight and broiler breeder fowls had no adverse effect on the supracoracoid muscle. When this temporary arterial occlusion was combined with electrically-induced contractions of the supracoracoid for a period of 4 min, myopathy occurred in both types of bird. A similar degree of muscle contraction without any interference with the arterial supply induced necrosis of the supracoracoid of the broilers but not of the light-weight strain. The superficial pectoral muscle of the broilers was not adversely affected by stimulation. The necrotic muscle resembled that in spontaneous deep pectoral myopathy. These findings are discussed with particular reference to the vascular supply to the muscle and although they are not considered to be due to pre-existing occlusive lesions of the arteries, the basic nature of the causative defect remains obscure. On the basis of this work carried out on commercial broiler breeder stock maintained at the Poultry Research Centre, we conclude that a relatively small number of electrically-stimulated contractions of the supracoracoid muscle will bring about necrotic myopathy.

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Surgical occlusion of the subclavian artery of domestic fowls has been found to induce a condition closely resembling, in location and histopathology, the deep pectoral myopathy of turkeys. The operative procedure is described and the significance of the collateral blood supply in the pathogenesis of the lesion is briefly discussed.

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Data obtained from random samples of 87 women and 95 men physicians in the Detroit metropolitan area indicate that, at the time of surgery, 84% of the women and 96% of the men were engaged in medical work. Only 7% of the women were not working because of reasons related to the traditional female role. Fifty-nine percent of the women and 87% of the men had worked full-time since medical school graduation. Fifty-one percent of the women, compared to 39% of the men were in primary care specialties. Since medical graduation, women physicians spent 90% as much time in medical work as did the men, despite the fact that most of the women had full responsibility for homes and families.

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1. Renal function was studied in laying hens which had been fed on diets containing 0 (controls), 10 or 20% dried poultry manure (DPM) for one year. 2. Birds fed on 20% DPM showed increased rates of effective renal plasma flow and increased renal tubular secretion of urate during the infusion of large amounts of urate. 3. Renal hypertrophy was not detected in any group.

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1. One-day-old male broiler chicks were fed on diets containing 3-8% or 2-7% added NaCl in two experiments lasting 22 and 42 d respectively. 2. Sodium clearance was increased in treated birds in both experiments. No other changes in renal function were observed but an increase in plasma urate in treated birds of the first experiment may indicate some loss of proximal tubular function. 3. Renal function, relative to body weight, diminished slowly with age in control and treated birds but these changes could not be related to the fact that at about 3 weeks of age testicular cysts no longer develop.

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1. Seven colostomised hens were fed on a control diet free of dried poultry manure (DPM) or one including 20% DPM. 2. Urate excretion was greater during DPM feeding by approximately the amount consumed: little urate was present in faeces. 3. Doses of 10-6 muCi of 14C-urate introduced into the crop were quantitatively excreted in the urine within 24 h. 4. The results show that none of the urate present in DPM is utilised by the laying hen.

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