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A 10 years and 7 months old male, was studied for a pathologic, primordial hipogrowing disease, probably due to a recessive and autosomic transmission, because he has got a sister with the same illness, and he was diagnostified of a pancreatic cyst, whind was found in an echographical exploration and established by scanner as intraglandular cyst. There are no others cysts found detected in a complete body-check. The chirurgic findings was a solitary hydatidic intrapancreatic cyst whid was extirpated. The patient's and sister's facial characteristics (big nose, long and thin neck, large forehead), the normal hormonal study in this case, the observation of small bone defects (first finger of the foot thicker than usual, cone epifisis in hands), a normal intelligence and the not accordance between them and the usual in literature described kind, suggest to be a different form the congenital autosomic, recessive dwarfism, not according to the usual one.

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Gastrin has a regulating effect on the complicated closing mechanism of the lower oesophageal sphincter. This hormone produced in G-cells of the pyloric antrum and carried by the blood stream has its greatest effect on the anterior fundus wall, cardias and the lower oesophageal sphincter. Thus, when there is a failure in the closing mechanism of the lower oesophageal sphincter produced by lacking maturity of the oesophageal fibers and the cardias zone, only those surgical procedures using the gastric fundus in order to correct the failure can guarantee a good result, if medical treatment has not been successful. The authors comment on the physiological basis of the treatment, the medical as well as the surgical one, of the gastro-oesophageal reflux.

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A series of 53 children admitted during a 20-month period to the Hospital for burns due to hot liquids is reported 88.6% were under three. 34 children were seen during spring and fall months. Most patients were recently burnt and in the majority of cases (27) burned surface was under 20%. l.v. fluids were used in 17 cases and management protocol included: Closed local care after the 3rd or 4th day with nitrofurazone cream and antibiotics only in selected cases. Mortality was 5.5% (three cases) due to acute renal failure at the 3rd, 5th and 10th days. 24.5% had a local infection in the first two weeks, gram negative bacteria being present in 75% of these cases. 33.2% (18 cases) required grafting. This was more frequently needed in boiling oil burns. In seven cases, grafting was necessary before the 30th day (average 23.2 days), and in the remaining patients after this time (average 42.1 days). Authors advise a strict prevention of acute rend failure and early grafting.

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Between March 1972 and Dec. 1974 532 rectal suction biopsies were obtained from 238 children and histochemical processed. Slight haemorrhage was observed in three. Indications were :1) Group A, 185 suspected aganglionism (AChE. and DPNH) activities were studied). 2) Group B, 7 Neurolipidoses (Red-oil-o) and 3) Group C, Post-operative control in 10 aganglionic patients (AChE, DPNH). Aganglionism was confirmed in 60 cases (25.2%) of Group A [AChE (+), DPNH (-)] although there were five false negatives (8.3%). Lipidosis was confirmed in one case of Group B. Four patients in Group C were AChE and DPNH (+). Results are discussed, and this technique recommended taking in mind its minimal morbidity, simplicity and good results.

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35 cases of megarrectum associated with lumbo-sacro-coccygeal dysplasis are reviewed. 32.7% of the dysplasia were sacral. Nine cases were ultrashort aganglionic segments. Symptoms were variable, of early onset (82.7% before one year) and mild (57.1% required medical advise after three). Medical management was useful in the non aganglionic group whereas it was ineffective in the aganglionic group. Sphincteric myotomy was the more common operation used. Physiopathology and modalities of treatment are discussed.

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Three cases of infants with strangulation of toes by either hair or threads are reported. The potential riks of amputation and the need for a premature diagnosis and treatment are stressed. A simple vertical, short and deep incision over the strangulation, avoiding injury to tendons and digital nerves and vessels is suggested. A complete recovery is obtained in a short period.

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An uncommon malformative association is presented ((hydrocephalus, bilateral renal hypoplasia, aplasia cutis) associated with neonatal gastrointestinal perforation. The bibliography related with these problems is reviewed, discussing the possible relationship between them. The etiological hypothesis is infective, and pathogenic interpretation is pointed out in this context.

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