RESUMEN
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera a la obesidad como la epidemia global, que afecta a los países desarrollados, sino también a los "en transición" y "en desarrollo". En los últimos 20 años se ha duplicado su prevalencia y los niños y adolescentes presentan el mayor incremento. Dentro de los factores de riesgo, además de la existencia de unos períodos cronobiológicos críticos para el desarrollo de la obesidad adquiere gran protagonismo el ambiente obesogénico, tanto por el descenso de la actividad física (TV, TICs) como por el abandono de los patrones tradicionales de la dieta mediterránea-atlántica. Las estrategias de prevención de la obesidad en niños deben establecerse en la escuela y la familia, las dos instituciones con más influencia en este período de la vida (AU)
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Humanos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Obesidad/prevención & control , Unión Europea/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tabaquismo/efectos adversos , Pubertad Precoz/etiología , Educación en Salud , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A rat cell line-nominated CC-62 derived from a combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma obtained by administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene to male Wistar rats, has been established. Using light and electron microscopy it was determined that morphologically the tumor consisted of a mixed population of hepatocytes and cholangiolar neoplastic cells, intermingled with small, undifferentiated oval-like cells. The CC-62 line has been maintained through 90 passages in culture adopting a paving stone arrangement. Doubling time at the 12th passage was 23 h. Immunostaining with a panel of antisera was performed to identify the cytological profiles of the cell line. There was no k-ras or p53 expression by immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology failed to detect mutations. Molecular analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed transcripts for c-met but no expression of HGF messenger ribonucleic acid. Three cell lines cloned from CC-62 showed the same immunohistochemical and molecular pattern as the parental line. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a chromosome number ranging from 74 to 82 with a modal number of 79 but no clonal structural abnormalities were found. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis showed an aneuploid peak. CC-62 caused tumors 1 mo after subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice, with morphological patterns of mucosecretory solid and spindle-shaped carcinoma. This cell line is the first established from a primary rat combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular neoplasm. The resulting cells expressed biological and morphological markers of hepatocytes and cholangiolar cells. Therefore this cell line may contribute to a better understanding of the histogenesis of liver cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/citología , 2-Acetilaminofluoreno , Aneuploidia , Animales , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/química , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/ultraestructura , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/inducido químicamente , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/ultraestructura , Colangiocarcinoma/inducido químicamente , Colangiocarcinoma/ultraestructura , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Genes ras , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Cariotipificación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/ultraestructura , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Microscopía Electrónica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Trasplante Heterólogo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/ultraestructura , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
Angiosarcoma (AS) is one of the rarest forms of soft tissue neoplasm. They are considered highly aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. They range from highly differentiated tumors resembling hemangiomas to anaplastic tumors that are difficult to distinguish from carcinomas. Clinically, the appearance of these lesions varies, so confusion may arise from an initially benign appearance. AS comprise less than 1% of all sarcomas. In these patients, tumor size is an important predictor of survival. In our case, the tumor was located in the outer ear and the patient was treated with surgery, radiotherapy (65 Gy), and chemotherapy (adriamycin). A recurrence one year later was treated with salvage surgery and external carotid artery ligature to control abundant hemorrhage.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Oído/patología , Oído Externo/patología , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias del Oído/terapia , Oído Externo/efectos de la radiación , Oído Externo/cirugía , Resultado Fatal , Hemangiosarcoma/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoRESUMEN
We report a case of retroperitoneal extragonadal germ-cell tumor in an 17 years old patient who presented with aedema and pain in left inferior extremity asociated with hemopthysis caused by pulmonar metastasis, who was treated with chemotherapy and resection of residual mass and pulmonary nodes. Dyagnosis was stableshed by fine neadle aspiration biopsy of the wass. We comment on the difficult of stableshing differential dyagnosis between retroperitoneal extragonadal germ-cell tumor and metastasis of a testicular tumor. Dyagnosis is stableshed by the finding of a histologically malignant germ-cell tumor with normal testis. We considered physical examination and ecographyc exploration enough for a correct dyagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Germinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Germinoma/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed on patients with renal cell carcinoma to determine whether tumoral proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a predictive factor. METHODS: We studied immunohisto-chemical PCNA expression with pc10 monoclonal antibody in 109 renal tumor paraffin sections. These tumors were previously classified according to cellular type by Thoenes, Furman's grading and Robson's staging, Moreover, we counted the number of mitoses in 10 high power fields (HPF) and also evaluated the tumoral necrosis percentage. Ten year survival curve of Kaplan and Meier was obtained for 90 patients. RESULTS: Nuclear immunostaining for PCNA showed a statistical correlation with Robson's stage, cellular type and nuclear grade. Moreover, the number of positive nuclei was higher in tumors presenting an elevated mitosis count and higher in degree of necrosis. Survival was significantly poorer in patients whose PCNA index was greater than 5%. Nuclear PCNA immunostaining was shown to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with Robson stage I and also in those who had high cytological grading. CONCLUSIONS: These results show PCNA to be a prognostic marker for RCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Humanos , Nefrectomía , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is no detailed information on the scientific production in Pediatric Surgery (PS) in Spain, and we studied this problem by means of a model of bibliometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all the articles published in the main pediatric Spanish journal (Anales Españoles de Pediadría) over a 13-year period (1984-1996). Quantitative and qualitative bibliometric indicators of the articles over PS were performed, and we studied also the main differences found between the period before (1984-87) and after (1988-96) the foundation of the journal Cirugía Pediátrica. RESULTS: PS is the subject matter in 7.6% (n = 227) of all the articles published in this pediatric journal. The main type of articles in PS were Clinical Notes (56.9%) and Originals (31.7%). The autonomous regions of Madrid, Cataluña, Valencia, Andalucía and País Vasco have the 70.4% of the total productivity in PS, and we also emphasize the relative productivity of others autonomous regions (mainly Extremadura). The essential authorship of the scientific activity in PS falls on hospitals, with no authorship on University and Health Care Centers. The two different bibliometric indicators in PS in relation to the other pediatric subspecialties are: the low statistical accessibility and the excessive use of English references, with a very low insularity index. After the foundation the journal Cirugía Pediaátrica, a reduction in the number of articles over PS (mainly Originals) published in Anales Españoles de Pediatría is noted. CONCLUSIONS: PS have a significant quantitative importance in pediatric journals, with two negative differences in relation to the other pediatric subspecialties: low statistical accessibility and low insularity index. We think is important to increase the citation of Spanish publications and, specifically, articles at the journal Cirugía Pediátrica.