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RESUMEN La afectación ósea en un paciente con linfoma de Hodgkin generalmente se presenta después de diagnosticado, pero de manera inusual puede hacerlo desde el comienzo de la sintomatología. Se presenta el caso de una mujer joven que comenzó con manifestaciones óseas. En un inicio se consideraron otros diagnósticos que fueron revalorados por el avance y persistencia de la sintomatología hasta llegar a la confirmación diagnóstica de linfoma de Hodgkin, variedad esclerosis nodular. Después de evidenciarse en resonancia magnética nuclear imágenes de lesiones óseas mixtas se logró su diagnóstico definitivo en una biopsia de ganglio linfático que mostró las características células de Reed-Sternberg. Dada la poca frecuencia de estos casos se considera necesaria su publicación para alertar sobre la inclusión de este pensamiento diagnóstico en pacientes que presentan dolores óseos como inicio de un cáncer aún no diagnosticado.

ABSTRACT Bone involvement in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma usually occurs after diagnosis, but unusually it can occur from the onset of symptoms. The case of a young woman who began with bone manifestations is presented. Initially, other diagnoses were considered, which were reassessed due to the progression and persistence of symptoms until diagnostic confirmation of Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis variety. After evidence of mixed bone lesions in magnetic resonance imaging, a definitive diagnosis was achieved in a lymph node biopsy that showed the characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells. Due to the infrequency of these cases, its publication is considered necessary to alert about the inclusion of this diagnostic thought in patients who present bone pain as the beginning of a cancer not yet diagnosed.

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Nanostructured silver (Ag) and gold (Au) are widely known to be potent biocidal and cytotoxic agents as well as biocompatible nanomaterials. It has been recently reported that combining both metals in a specific chemical composition causes a significant enhancement in their antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, as well as in their anticancer effects, while preserving cytocompatibility properties. In this work, Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles over a complete atomic chemical composition range were prepared at 10 at% through a green, highly reproducible, and simple approach using starch as a unique reducing and capping agent. The noble metal nanosystems were thoroughly characterized by different analytical techniques, including UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopies, XRD, TEM/EDS, XPS and ICP-MS. Moreover, absorption spectra simulations for representative colloidal Ag/Au-NP samples were conducted using FDTD modelling. The antibacterial properties of the bimetallic nanoparticles were determined against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, showing a clear dose-dependent inhibition even at the lowest concentration tested (5 µg/mL). Cytocompatibility assays showed a medium range of toxicity at low and intermediate concentrations (5 and 10 µg/mL), while triggering an anticancer behavior, even at the lowest concentration tested, in a process involving reactive oxygen species production per the nanoparticle Au:Ag ratio. In this manner, this study provides promising evidence that the presently fabricated Ag/Au-NPs should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial and anticancer applications.

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Glucose determination is an essential procedure in different fields, used in clinical analysis for the prevention and monitoring of diabetes. In this work, modified carbon paste electrodes with Cu2O nanocubes (Cu2O NCs) were developed to test electrochemical glucose detection. The synthesis of the Cu2O NCs was achieved by a green method using starch as the capping agent, obtaining cubic-like morphologies and particle sizes from 227 to 123 nm with increasing amounts of the capping agent, as corroborated by electron microscopy analysis. Their crystalline structure and purity were determined by X-ray diffraction. The capability of starch as a capping agent was verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in which the presence of functional groups of this biopolymer in the Cu2O NCs were identified. The electrochemical response to glucose oxidation was determined by cyclic voltammetry, obtaining a linear response of the electrical current as a function of glucose concentration in the range 100-700 µM, with sensitivities from 85.6 to 238.8 µA mM-1 cm-2, depending on the amount of starch used in the synthesis of the Cu2O NCs.

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Creatine (Cr) plays an important role in storage and transmission of phosphate-bound energy. Cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes comprise three inherited defects in Cr biosynthesis and transport. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cr and Guanidinoacetate (GAA) can be detected in saliva of healthy subjects and to establish the relationship between salivary and plasma levels of these molecules. An adapted gas chromatography (GC) method is described for the quantification of Cr and GAA biomarkers in saliva. Reference values were established for GAA and Cr in saliva. These values were age dependent (p= 0.001). No difference between genders was observed. We detected a difference between GAA and Cr concentrations in saliva and in plasma. The GC method for simultaneous determination of GAA and Cr in human saliva is fast, reliable, sensitive, non-invasive and precise to use as a biochemical approach in early detection of cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes.

La creatina (Cr) juega un importante rol en el almacenamiento y el transporte de energía unida al fosfato. Los síndromes de deficiencia de creatina cerebral comprenden tres defectos genéticos en la biosíntesis y transporte de creatina. Es propósito de este estudio investigar si el guanidinoacetato (GAA) y la Cr pueden ser detectados en saliva de sujetos sanos e investigar la relación entre los valores de GAA y Cr en saliva con los niveles en plasma de estas moléculas. Se describe un método modificado de cromatografía gaseosa para la cuantificación de los biomarcadores, Cr y GAA en este biofluído. Se establecieron valores de referencia para GAA y Cr. Estos valores dependen de la edad (P=0.001). No se observaron diferencias entre género. Se detectó una diferencia entre la concentración de GAA y Cr en saliva con respecto al plasma. El método adaptado de cromatografía gaseosa para la determinación simultánea de GAA y Cr en saliva humana es fácil, seguro, sensible, no invasivo y preciso para utilizar como aproximación bioquímica en la detección temprana de los síndromes de deficiencia de creatina cerebral.

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Creatine (Cr) plays an important role in storage and transmissionof phosphate-bound energy. Cerebral creatine deficiencysyndromes comprise three inherited defects in Cr biosynthesis andtransport. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Cr andGuanidinoacetate (GAA) can be detected in saliva of healthysubjects and to establish the relationship between salivary andplasma levels of these molecules. An adapted gas chromatography(GC) method is described for the quantification of Cr and GAAbiomarkers in saliva. Reference values were established for GAAand Cr in saliva. These values were age dependent (p= 0.001). Nodifference between genders was observed. We detected a differencebetween GAA and Cr concentrations in saliva and in plasma. TheGC method for simultaneous determination of GAA and Cr inhuman saliva is fast, reliable, sensitive, non-invasive and preciseto use as a biochemical approach in early detection of cerebralcreatine deficiency syndromes.

La creatina (Cr) juega un importante rol en el almacenamiento y el transporte de energía unida al fosfato. Los síndromes de deficiencia de creatina cerebral comprenden tres defectos genéticos en la biosíntesis y transporte de creatina. Es propósito de este estudio investigar si el guanidinoacetato (GAA) y la Crpueden ser detectados en saliva de sujetos sanos e investigar la relación entre los valores de GAA y Cr en saliva con los niveles en plasma de estas moléculas. Se describe un método modificado de cromatografía gaseosa para la cuantificación de los biomarca -dores, Cr y GAA en este biofluído. Se establecieron valores de referencia para GAA y Cr. Estos valores dependen de la edad (P=0.001). No se observaron diferencias entre género. Se detectóuna diferencia entre la concentración de GAA y Cr en saliva con respecto al plasma. El método adaptado de cromatografía gaseosa para la determinación simultánea de GAA y Cr en saliva humana es fácil, seguro, sensible, no invasivo y preciso para utilizar como aproximación bioquímica en la detección temprana de lossíndromes de deficiencia de creatina cerebral.

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Introducción: el asesoramiento genético que se ofrece a la embarazada durante su seguimiento prenatal, garantiza la realización de una serie de estudios de diagnóstico para la detección de defectos congénitos y enfermedades genéticas. Una vez detectada la presencia de un defecto congénito incompatible con la vida o de pronóstico severo para la calidad de vida del producto de la concepción, la gestante y su pareja tienen el derecho de decidir sobre la continuidad del embarazo.Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento de las terminaciones voluntarias de embarazos de causa genética en la provincia Mayabeque. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de tipo observacional, en el Centro Provincial de Genética Médica de Mayabeque donde se estudiaron diferentes variables de las pacientes que solicitaron terminaciones voluntarias de embarazo de causa genética, en un periodo de tres años.Resultados: las terminaciones voluntarias de embarazo fueron más frecuentes en mujeres con edad materna entre 20-35 años 72,90 por ciento con menos de 20 semanas 43,23 por ciento y con defectos congénitos aislados 84,52 por ciento principalmente de los sistemas nerviosos centrales y cardiovasculares. Dentro de los defectos congénitos predominaron las cardiopatías congénitas, defectos de cierre del tubo neural y cromosomopatías. El ultrasonido fue el medio diagnóstico de mayor utilidad para confirmar el defecto congénito. Conclusiones: la oportuna decisión de la terminación voluntaria de embarazo una vez diagnosticado un defecto congénito incompatible con la vida ha tenido un impacto directo en la reducción de la tasa de mortalidad infantil en la provincia Mayabeque(AU)

Introduction: the genetic advising that is offered to the pregnant woman during her prenatal follow up, guarantees the performance of several diagnostic tests for the detection of congenital defects and genetic diseases. Once detected a congenital defect incompatible with life or of severe prognosis for the life quality of the product of conception, the pregnant woman and her couple have the right to decide about the continuity of the pregnancy. Objective: to know the behavior of the voluntary endings of pregnancies of genetic cause in Mayabeque province Methods: a retrospective observational study was carried out at the Medical Genetic Center from Mayabeque province in which different variables were studied in patients who seek voluntary endings of pregnancies of genetic cause in a period of three years. Results: the voluntary endings of pregnancies were more frequent in women with maternal age of 20-35 years 72,90 percent with less than 20 weeks 43,23 percent and with isolated congenital defects 84,52 percent mainly in the cardiovascular and central nervous system. Within the congenital defects, congenital cardiopathies, defects of the closure of the neural tube and cromosomopathies prevailed, Ultrasound was the diagnostic test of highest quality to confirm the congenital defect. Conclusions: the pertinent decision of voluntary endings of pregnancies of genetic cause, once it was diagnosed a genetic defect incompatible with life, has had a direct impact in the reduction of children mortality rate in Mayabeque province(AU)

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The stereospecific removal of iodine from thyroid hormones is an essential first step for T3 action and is catalyzed by three different deiodinases: D2 and D3 remove iodine only from the outer or inner ring, respectively, whereas D1 catalyzes both pathways. We used in silico predictions from vertebrate deiodinase sequences to identify two domains: the N-terminal variable region (VR) containing the transmembrane, hinge and linker domains, and the conserved or globular region (CR). Given the high sequence and structural identity of the CR among paralogs as well as of the VR among orthologs but not paralogs, we hypothesized that both the catalytic properties and the subcellular localization rely on the VR. We used shark D2 and D3 as templates to build the chimeric enzymes D2VR/D3CR and D3VR/D2CR. Biochemical characterization revealed that D3VR/D2CR has inner-ring deiodination activity and T3 as preferred substrate, whereas D2VR/D3CR showed no deiodinating activity. Also, D2VR/D3CR and D3VR/D2CR reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasmatic membrane, respectively, as do their D2 and D3 wild-type counterparts. We conclude that the VR determines the subcellular localization and is critical in defining the catalytic properties and activity of thyroid hormone deiodinases.

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Resumen:

Introducción: el envejecimiento es un proceso de cambios progresivos que repercuten en la funcionalidad física y esta, a su vez, es el mejor indicador de salud en la población adulta mayor. Objetivo: realizar un diagnóstico de la capacidad funcional del adulto mayor residente de casas hogar del sur de Jalisco.

Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal descriptivo prospectivo en adultos mayores, en quienes se aplicó la Escala de Barthel para evaluar su capacidad para realizar 10 actividades básicas de la vida diaria. La muestra fue no aleatoria por conveniencia. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, X2 para comparaciones entre los sexos. Las diferencias se consideraron estadísticamente significativas con una p < 0.05.

Resultados: la muestra estuvo conformada por 111 adultos mayores. El promedio de edad fue de 81 años, 27.9 % mostró independencia total, 28.8 % dependencia leve, 14.4 % moderada, 18 % severa y 10.8 % total. Estadísticamente no hubo diferencia significativa según el sexo (p = 0.36). Las actividades básicas con mayor número de sujetos independientes totales fueron comer, arreglarse, vestirse, control en la micción y evacuación, trasladarse y deambulación; subir y bajar escaleras y lavarse fueron actividades en las que más sujetos mostraron dependencia total.

Conclusiones: 72.1 % de los adultos mayores presentó algún grado de dependencia funcional, lo que representa una oportunidad para el cuidado de enfermería.

Abstract:

Introduction: Aging is a process of progressive changes that affect physical functioning, and this is the best health indicator of the adult population.

Objective: To make a diagnosis of the functional capacity of elderly residents of nursing homes in southern Jalisco.

Methodology: A cross sectional, descriptive, prospective study in older adults was conducted, in whom Barthel scale was used to assess their ability to perform ten basic activities of daily living. The sample was not random for convenience. Informed consent was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used, X2 for comparisons between sexes. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results: The sample consisted of 111 elderly. The mean age was 81 years, 27.9 % showed complete independence, 28.8 % mild dependence, 14.4 % moderate, 18 % severe and 10.8 % total dependence. There was no statistically significant sex differences (p = 0.36). The basic activities with the highest number of total independent subjects were eating, grooming, dressing, micturition and defecation continence, moving and walking; going up and down stairs and bathing were activities in which subjects showed more total dependence.

Conclusions: 72.1 % of elderly had some degree of functional dependence, which represents an opportunity for nursing care.

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BACKGROUND: Due to the progressive aging of our population, it is imperative to evaluate the life conditions and health limitations of older people. AIM: To report the results of an integral geriatric evaluation of Mexican older people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional assessment of 324 older subjects of a median age of 70 years (57% females) beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security of the city of Querétaro. Social, demographic, medical, functional and cognitive variables were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the studied subjects, 37% were illiterate, 61% lived with a partner and 47% were dedicated to household activities. Thirty three percent had visual impairment, 54% had hearing impairment, 39% had urinary incontinence, 26% reported falls in the last six months, 34% had nutritional problems, 38% were functionally dependent, 49% had sleeping problems, 25% had cognitive impairment and 25% had depression. CONCLUSIONS: The general health outlook of this population is encouraging, considering that more than half are not functionally impaired.

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Longevity is a complex and dynamic process influenced by a diversity of factors. Amongst other, gestation and lactation contribute to organismal decline because they represent a great energetic investment in mammals. Here we compared the rate of senescence onset observed in primary fibroblast obtained from the lungs of retired female breeder mice (12 months old), with the senescence arrival observed in fibroblasts derived from age-matched nulliparous mice. Two-month-old animals were also used as controls of young, fully-developed adults. Cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity were evaluated as senescent parameters. In order to test differences in energetic competence at a systemic level, mitochondrial respiration was also evaluated in mitochondria isolated from the livers of the same animals used for the primary cultures. Our data indicated that the cells derived from female mice subjected to the physiological stress of breeding onset into replicative senescence prior than the cells from female mice age-matched without that particular stress. Thus validating the use of retired breeders as a model to study aging and senescence at the cellular level.

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Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction, which can be initiated in response to several stimuli such as toxic substances, hormones, cytokines, trophic or osmotic modifications and viral infections. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro rubella-virus (RV) induced cell death exhibited properties of apoptosis, characterized by condensation and segmentation of nuclei and internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear DNA. Apoptosis was not seen in the cells absorbed with UV-inactivated virus, indicating that the viral replication is required for the induction of apoptosis. Our results suggest that most of the cells undergoing apoptosis are non-infected neighboring cells.

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Anther culture of O. hookeri on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid produced callus formation. When subcultured onto medium lacking auxin, the callus regenerated through the organogenic pathway. Non-organogenic and organogenic callus was observed using histological methods after 2, 3 and 24 weeks in culture. Three types of calli were recognized: non-organogenic friable calli, organogenic friable calli with roots and organogenic hard calli with shoots. The microscopical sections showed striking differences in tissue organization among friable and compact calli. Vascular bundles were prominent in compact calli, but were not found in friable calli. Calli sections showed at light microscopy cells at two developmental stages; differentiated highly vacuolated cells and meristematic small isodiametric cells with densely stained cytoplasm. At electron microscopy level abnormal chloroplasts were present in non-organogenic calli, while chloroplasts were well developed in organogenic hard calli. Peroxisomes with paracrystalline protein bodies were abundant in both types of calli.(AU)

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Anther culture of O. hookeri on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid produced callus formation. When subcultured onto medium lacking auxin, the callus regenerated through the organogenic pathway. Non-organogenic and organogenic callus was observed using histological methods after 2, 3 and 24 weeks in culture. Three types of calli were recognized: non-organogenic friable calli, organogenic friable calli with roots and organogenic hard calli with shoots. The microscopical sections showed striking differences in tissue organization among friable and compact calli. Vascular bundles were prominent in compact calli, but were not found in friable calli. Calli sections showed at light microscopy cells at two developmental stages; differentiated highly vacuolated cells and meristematic small isodiametric cells with densely stained cytoplasm. At electron microscopy level abnormal chloroplasts were present in non-organogenic calli, while chloroplasts were well developed in organogenic hard calli. Peroxisomes with paracrystalline protein bodies were abundant in both types of calli.

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El artículo expone los resultados de una encuesta a pacientes de 10 instituciones médicas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, sobre el grado de satisfacción a sus expectativas durante su internación. El estudio corrobora la trascendencia de las relaciones humanas que se establecen entre cliente y enfermero, y jerarquiza aspectos interesantes sobre el rol del enfermero y del servicio de enfermería desde la perspectiva del usuario (AU)

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El artículo expone los resultados de una encuesta a pacientes de 10 instituciones médicas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, sobre el grado de satisfacción a sus expectativas durante su internación. El estudio corrobora la trascendencia de las relaciones humanas que se establecen entre cliente y enfermero, y jerarquiza aspectos interesantes sobre el rol del enfermero y del servicio de enfermería desde la perspectiva del usuario

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ya desde 1979 nuestro Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz mencionaba la posibilidad de que en el futuro existiese un médico en cada cuadra, en cada fábrica. Ello se hizo realidad el 4 de febrero de 1984 cuando un grupo de 10 médicos y 10 enfermeras constituyeron los pioneros de los médicos generales integrales que hoy se encuentran en todo el país. En el presente trabajo hemos querido resumir el pensamiento de nuestro máximo líder en este aspecto, así como las características de este galeno que lo hacen un fiel representante de nuestra medicina eb la lucha por convertirnos en una Potencia Médica Mundial(AU)

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