RESUMEN
Introducción: En la literatura existen pocas referencias que comparen las distintas alternativas disponibles para controlar el dolor enel postoperatorio inmediato de la apendicitis aguda pediátrica (AAP).Material y métodos: Comparación prospectiva del perfil anal-gésico y emético del ibuprofeno y el metamizol intravenosos en elpostoperatorio inmediato de la AAP, para lo cual se recurre a unamuestra de pacientes operados en 2021 en nuestro centro. Los participantes fueron reclutados a su llegada a Urgencias, obteniéndoseconfirmación histopatológica del diagnóstico en todos ellos. La evaluación del dolor se llevó a cabo cada 8 horas tras la cirugía medianteescalas analógicas visuales validadas, con valoraciones entre los 0 ylos 10 puntos. Se realizó un ANOVA de las medidas repetidas entrelos dos grupos para comparar la evolución del dolor en las 48 horasposteriores a la cirugía.Resultados: La muestra estaba compuesta por un total de 95 pacientes (65% de ellos varones) con una edad media de 9,7 años (DT:3,14). 41 pacientes fueron tratados con ibuprofeno (grupo 1) y 54 conmetamizol (grupo 2). No se hallaron diferencias significativas en lo querespecta al dolor, ni en las comparaciones de las mediciones puntuales,ni en su evolución en las 48 horas posteriores a la cirugía (p= 0,58). Unavez realizado el ajuste correspondiente a la terapia de fluidos recibida,los niños del grupo metamizol tuvieron significativamente más episodioseméticos y necesitaron significativamente más dosis de ondansetrón.Conclusiones: En nuestra cohorte, el ibuprofeno tuvo una eficaciaanalgésica similar y un mejor perfil emético que el metamizol en elpostoperatorio inmediato de la AAP. Se hacen necesarios nuevos estudiosprospectivos, adecuadamente controlados y con mayor tamaño muestralque validen estos hallazgos.(AU)
Background: Literature comparing different alternatives for paincontrol in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA) is scarce.Materials and methods: We prospectively compared the analgesicand emetogenic profile of intravenous ibuprofen and metamizole in theimmediate postoperative period of PAA. For this purpose, we used asample of patients operated on in 2021 in our center. Participants wererecruited on arrival at the Emergency Department and histopathologi-cal confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in all of them. Pain wasevaluated every 8 hours after the surgery with validated visual analogscales ranging from 0 to 10 points. Repeated measures ANOVA wasused to compare the evolution of pain in the 48 hours after surgerybetween the two groups. Results: The sample included 95 patients (65% males) with a meanage of 9.7 years (sd: 3.14). 41 patients were treated with Ibuprofen(group 1) and 54 with metamizole (group 2). No significant differ-ences were found in the level of pain either in the comparisons of pointmeasurements or in its evolution in the 48 hours after surgery (p= 0.58).After adjusting for the received fluid therapy, children in the metamizolegroup had significantly more emetic episodes and needed significantlymore doses of ondansetron. Conclusions: In our cohort, ibuprofen had a similar analgesic ef-ficacy and a better emetogenic profile than metamizole in the immediatepostoperative period of PAA. Future prospective, adequately controlledstudies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Apendicitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Manejo del Dolor , Ibuprofeno/administración & dosificación , Dipirona , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos , Pediatría , Cirugía General , Estudios Prospectivos , AnalgesiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Literature comparing different alternatives for pain control in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA) is scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively compared the analgesic and emetogenic profile of intravenous ibuprofen and metamizole in the immediate postoperative period of PAA. For this purpose, we used a sample of patients operated on in 2021 in our center. Participants were recruited on arrival at the Emergency Department and histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in all of them. Pain was evaluated every 8 hours after the surgery with validated visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 10 points. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the evolution of pain in the 48 hours after surgery between the two groups. RESULTS: The sample included 95 patients (65% males) with a mean age of 9.7 years (sd: 3.14). 41 patients were treated with Ibuprofen (group 1) and 54 with metamizole (group 2). No significant differences were found in the level of pain either in the comparisons of point measurements or in its evolution in the 48 hours after surgery (p= 0.58). After adjusting for the received fluid therapy, children in the metamizole group had significantly more emetic episodes and needed significantly more doses of ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, ibuprofen had a similar analgesic efficacy and a better emetogenic profile than metamizole in the immediate postoperative period of PAA. Future prospective, adequately controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
INTRODUCCION: En la literatura existen pocas referencias que comparen las distintas alternativas disponibles para controlar el dolor en el postoperatorio inmediato de la apendicitis aguda pediátrica (AAP). MATERIAL Y METODOS: Comparación prospectiva del perfil analgésico y emético del ibuprofeno y el metamizol intravenosos en el postoperatorio inmediato de la AAP, para lo cual se recurre a una muestra de pacientes operados en 2021 en nuestro centro. Los participantes fueron reclutados a su llegada a Urgencias, obteniéndose confirmación histopatológica del diagnóstico en todos ellos. La evaluación del dolor se llevó a cabo cada 8 horas tras la cirugía mediante escalas analógicas visuales validadas, con valoraciones entre los 0 y los 10 puntos. Se realizó un ANOVA de las medidas repetidas entre los dos grupos para comparar la evolución del dolor en las 48 horas posteriores a la cirugía. RESULTADOS: La muestra estaba compuesta por un total de 95 pacientes (65% de ellos varones) con una edad media de 9,7 años (DT: 3,14). 41 pacientes fueron tratados con ibuprofeno (grupo 1) y 54 con metamizol (grupo 2). No se hallaron diferencias significativas en lo que respecta al dolor, ni en las comparaciones de las mediciones puntuales, ni en su evolución en las 48 horas posteriores a la cirugía (p= 0,58). Una vez realizado el ajuste correspondiente a la terapia de fluidos recibida, los niños del grupo metamizol tuvieron significativamente más episodios eméticos y necesitaron significativamente más dosis de ondansetrón. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra cohorte, el ibuprofeno tuvo una eficacia analgésica similar y un mejor perfil emético que el metamizol en el postoperatorio inmediato de la AAP. Se hacen necesarios nuevos estudios prospectivos, adecuadamente controlados y con mayor tamaño muestral que validen estos hallazgos.
Asunto(s)
Apendicitis , Ibuprofeno , Masculino , Humanos , Niño , Femenino , Ibuprofeno/efectos adversos , Dipirona , Apendicitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Apendicitis/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Analgésicos , Periodo PosoperatorioRESUMEN
Introducción La simulación en medicina ha evolucionado sustancialmente en las últimas décadas. Actualmente hay una gran variedad de simuladores disponibles, especialmente diseñados para la práctica de procedimientos quirúrgicos. Debido a las largas curvas de aprendizaje de las técnicas endourológicas mínimamente invasivas, la rama de la endourología se puede ver muy beneficiada por el uso de estos simuladores. Material y métodos Se diseñó un simulador de baja fidelidad para la práctica de técnicas endourológicas que utilizan cistoscopia. En el proceso de validación participaron 5 expertos y 19 no expertos. Los expertos eran profesionales médicos de un Departamento de Urología con experiencia de al menos 100 procedimientos de cistoscopia flexible. Los no expertos eran residentes en medicina interna sin experiencia en ningún tipo de técnica endoscópica. Se recogió información sobre la validez aparente y de contenido mediante escalas de Likert con puntuación de 1 a 5. Para evaluar la validez de constructo, se midió el tiempo para completar dos tareas, para lo cual se evaluó el procedimiento mediante la escala de evaluación global OSATS. Resultados El nuevo simulador se fabricó satisfactoriamente de acuerdo con su diseño. En todos los aspectos evaluados de la validez de constructo hubo una diferencia significativa (p<0,05) entre el grupo de expertos y el de no expertos. La validez de contenido fue puntuada con 4,66 (desviación estándar [DE] ±0,56) por los expertos y con 4,41 (DE±0,71) por los no expertos. En el cuestionario de validez aparente, la puntuación media fue de 4,14 (DE±0,94), y la pregunta que recibió la puntuación más alta (4,6 [DE±0,84]) evaluaba la inmersión en el procedimiento. Conclusión El simulador presentado es válido tanto para el entrenamiento de nuevos endourólogos como para el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas de los médicos expertos (AU)
Introduction Simulation in medicine has developed a lot in the last few decades. There is a broad range of simulators available, above all for training in surgical procedures. Endourology can benefit much from simulation because the minimally-invasive procedures of endourology frequently have long learning curves, which can be reduced by training with simulators. Material and methods A low-fidelity simulator was designed for practicing endourology techniques that use cystoscopy. The process of validation involved 5 experts and 19 non-experts. Experts comprised medical professionals working in a department of urology who had performed at least 100 flexible cystoscopy procedures. Non-experts were residents in internal medicine without experience in any type of endoscopy. Information about face and content validity was collected by means of Likert scales from 1 to 5. To evaluate construct validity, we measured the time to complete two tasks, for which the procedure was evaluated by means of the OSATS global evaluation scale. Results New simulator was successfully built according to its design. For all evaluated aspects of construct validity, there was a significant difference (P<.05) between the group of experts and the group of non-experts. Content validity was scored 4.66 (standard deviation±0.56) by the experts and 4.41 (±0.71) by the non-experts. In the face validity questionnaire, the average score was 4.14 (±0.94), the question receiving the highest score: 4.6 (±0.84) concerned immersion in the procedure. Conclusion The simulator presented is valid both for training up new urologists in endourology technique and for experts seeking to perfect their skills (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Entrenamiento Simulado , Cistoscopía/educación , Endoscopía/educación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Curva de AprendizajeRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Simulation in medicine has developed a lot in the last few decades. There is a broad range of simulators available, above all for training in surgical procedures. Endourology can benefit much from simulation because the minimally-invasive procedures of endourology frequently have long learning curves, which can be reduced by training with simulators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A low-fidelity simulator was designed for practicing endourology techniques that use cystoscopy. The process of validation involved 5 experts and 19 non-experts. Experts comprised medical professionals working in a department of urology who had performed at least 100 flexible cystoscopy procedures. Non-experts were residents in internal medicine without experience in any type of endoscopy. Information about face and content validity was collected by means of Likert scales from 1 to 5. To evaluate construct validity, we measured the time to complete two tasks, for which the procedure was evaluated by means of the OSATS global evaluation scale. RESULTS: New simulator was successfully built according to its design. For all evaluated aspects of construct validity, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the group of experts and the group of non-experts. Content validity was scored 4.66 (standard deviation ±0.56) by the experts and 4.41 (±0.71) by the non-experts. In the face validity questionnaire, the average score was 4.14 (±0.94), the question receiving the highest score: 4.6 (±0.84) concerned immersion in the procedure. CONCLUSION: The simulator presented is valid both for training up new urologists in endourology technique and for experts seeking to perfect their skills.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía , Entrenamiento Simulado , Endoscopía/educación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Curva de AprendizajeRESUMEN
Introducción: Los lácteos son alimentos importantes para el desarrollo, pero muchos padres limitan su consumo para evitar enfermedades respiratorias a pesar de que no existe evidencia científica concluyente al respecto. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar si el consumo de leche y derivados lácteos se asocia con enfermedades respiratorias sibilantes (asma, síndrome de obstrucción bronquial recurrente, sibi-lancias) en escolares. Material y método: Estudio transversal dentro de la co-horte SENDO. La información sobre el consumo de lácteos se obtuvo mediante cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuen-cia de consumo de alimentos. Los participantes se dividieron a partir de la mediana de consumo. El diagnóstico de enfer-medades sibilantes referido en los cuestionarios se confirmó mediante revisión de los registros médicos digitalizados. Para estudiar la asociación del consumo de leche, queso, yogur y de los lácteos en conjunto con las enfermedades sibilantes se utilizó un test de regresión logística ajustado por posibles factores de confusión. Resultados: En la muestra de 170 escolares (55,9% niñas, edad media 6,1 años) no se encontró una asociación significativa entre el consumo de lácteos en conjunto y las enfermedades sibilantes estudiadas [OR 0,85; IC 95% (0,44-1,64)]. Al analizar cada alimento por separado (le-che, yogur y queso), se encontró que un mayor consumo de leche se asociaba con un menor riesgo de enfermedades sibilantes. Conclusiones: Los resultados no apoyan la existencia de una asociación directa entre el consumo de leche o derivados lácteos y el riego de enfermedades sibilantes
Background: Milk consumption is important in child development, but some parents are avoiding dairy products as a way to prevent respiratory diseases in their children, even though there is no scientific evidence in this regard. Objective: To examine the association between dairy products consumption and wheezing respiratory diseases (asthma, recurrent wheezing episodes) in school-age chil-dren. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study within SENDO project. Dairy products consumption was assessed through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants were divided based on the median of consumption. Wheezing diseases diagnose referred by pa-rents in the questionnaires was confirmed by medical records review. A logistic regression test, adjusted for possible-con-founding factors was used to study the association between dairy products (milk, cheese, and yoghurt) and wheezing diseases.Results. In the 170 participants included (55.9% girls, mean age 6.1 years), no significant association was found between dairy products consumption and the respiratory di-seases studied [OR 0.85, 95% CI (0.44-1.64)]. When analy-sed separately a higher consumption of milk was associated with a lower risk of wheezing diseases. Conclusions: The results do not support the association between dairy products consumption and an increased risk of wheezing respiratory diseases
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Productos Lácteos/efectos adversos , Asma/epidemiología , Ruidos Respiratorios , Leche/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Nutrición del NiñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammation related molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) are highly expressed in obese individuals and could partly explain some comorbidities associated to obesity. In obese children, lifestyle interventions are able to lower inflammation and reduce cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity. The aim of the present work was to study changes in inflammation-related molecules serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcript levels after a 10-week lifestyle intervention in obese children and asses their potential association with glucose metabolism. METHODS: Twenty-three obese children (mean age 11.5 years; 48% males) underwent a 10-week lifestyle not controlled intervention trial. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were analyzed. Transcript analysis for CT-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in PBMC were performed by RT-PCR. Serum cytokine levels were also measured at baseline and after 10-weeks. RESULTS: Participants achieved a significant reduction in body adiposity (0.34 decrease in body mass index-standard deviation), total cholesterol, and glucose levels after 10-weeks. A Significant decrease in serum TNF-α and C reactive protein (CRP) were observed. CT-1 transcript levels were significantly reduced (P = .005) after lifestyle intervention, and these changes were significantly correlated with changes in serum CT-1 levels (r = 0.451; P = .031). In multiple regression analysis baseline CT-1 transcript levels were positively associated with final insulin (R2 = 0.506; P = .035) and HOMA-IR values (R2 = 0.473; P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: We reported that serum CRP, TNF-α, as well as PBMC CT-1 transcript levels were reduced after lifestyle intervention in obese children. More studies are needed to clarify the role of inflammation-related molecules in glucose metabolism.
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Citocinas/sangre , Regulación hacia Abajo , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Interleucina-6/sangre , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Programas de Reducción de Peso , Adiposidad , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inmunología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Niño , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/inmunología , Obesidad Infantil/metabolismo , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Relación Cintura-CaderaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Among adults, the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is inversely related to body mass index (BMI). Data are lacking on adherence to the MDP among youth in the United States and whether the MDP is related to weight change in that group. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether adherence to the MDP was associated with BMI change among adolescents. To examine temporality, we studied the association between baseline and 2-3-year changes in adherence to the MDP with concurrent changes in BMI, as well as subsequent changes in BMI over a 7-year period. METHODS: We prospectively followed 6002 females and 4916 males in the Growing Up Today Study II, aged 8-15 years in 2004, living across United States. Data were collected by questionnaire in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2011. Dietary intake was assessed by the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire. The KidMed Index was derived to measure the adherence to the MDP. We used generalized estimating equations with repeated measures within subjects to assess the association between MDP and BMI change. RESULTS: A two-point increment in the KidMed Index was independently associated with a lower gain in BMI (-0.04 kg m(-2); P=0.001). A greater increase in adherence to the KidMed Index was independently related to a lower gain in BMI in both the concurrent (P-for-trend<0.001) and the subsequent period (P-for-trend=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to MDP was inversely associated with change in BMI among adolescents. Two-year improvement in adherence to MDP was independently associated with less steep gain in the BMI in both the concurrent and the subsequent period.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Saludable , Dieta Mediterránea , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Obesidad Infantil/dietoterapia , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Adolescentes , Niño , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Adhesión a Directriz , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
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