RESUMEN
Legumes are affected by biotic factors such as insects, molds, bacteria, and viruses. These plants can produce many different molecules in response to the attack of phytopathogens. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are proteins produced by legumes that inhibit the protease activity of phytopathogens. PIs are known to reduce nutrient availability, which diminishes pathogen growth and can lead to the death of the pathogen. PIs are classified according to the specificity of the mechanistic activity of the proteolytic enzymes, with serine and cysteine protease inhibitors being studied the most. Previous investigations have reported the efficacy of these highly stable proteins against diverse biotic factors and the concomitant protective effects in crops, representing a possible replacement of toxic agrochemicals that harm the environment.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/inmunología , Fabaceae/inmunología , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Insectos/efectos de los fármacos , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteasas/inmunología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Animales , Bacterias/enzimología , Bacterias/patogenicidad , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Hongos/enzimología , Hongos/patogenicidad , Humanos , Insectos/enzimología , Insectos/patogenicidad , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/inmunología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/inmunologíaRESUMEN
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been extensively studied as an integrating component of endocrine functions in the pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ATRA on physiopathological biomarkers in an experimental model of rat with type 1 diabetes induced by alloxan (T1D). Twenty Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups, each receiving a different treatment: a control group (CG), a diabetic group without T1D treatment, a diabetic group treated with ATRA, a diabetic group supplemented with vitamin E (VIT E), and a group that was given olive oil (V). The administration of ATRA for 17 days produced a significant reduction in weight and glucose levels, compared to the T1D and VIT E groups. The evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipoperoxidation showed no relevant difference among the groups. The results of the histological analysis showed similarities both in the size and in the number of islets of Langerhans in the pancreatic tissue obtained from the ATRA group and the CG. ATRA displayed a significant reduction of glycemic values in diabetic rats. Ultrastructurally, ß-cells, acinar, and ductal cells restored their normal appearance. ATRA can contribute to the recovery of pancreatic damage due to alloxan induction. It seems that the antioxidant effect of ATRA is not responsible for the differences observed.