RESUMEN
To evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis in road killed armadillos identified along Brazilian regions, samples of liver, spleen, muscle, ear, nose and tail were collected on highways from 78 animals. The armadillos were of four different species, Cabassous tatouay, Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus septemcinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus. After DNA extraction from two tissues, specific primers were used for the detection of each pathogen using SYBR green qualitative Real-Time PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The species with the highest prevalence was D. novemcinctus, mainly in the Central-West, South, and Southeast regions of Brazil. We detected M. leprae DNA in 32 (41 %) of the 78 individuals and M. lepromatosis DNA was not identified in any of the examined samples. The zoonotic component of leprosy may play a role in the transmission of the disease in endemic areas in which environmental conditions and contact with reservoirs must be investigated.
Asunto(s)
Armadillos , Lepra , Mycobacterium leprae , Armadillos/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Animales , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Mycobacterium leprae/aislamiento & purificación , Prevalencia , Lepra/epidemiología , Lepra/microbiología , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium/clasificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of intra-alveolar administration of dexamethasone 4 mg in the control of edema, trismus, and pain resulting from the extraction of impacted lower third molars and the drug permeability through the oral mucosa by in silico prediction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial included patients who had both impacted lower third molars in equivalent positions. Hemiarches were divided into control side when dexamethasone was administered orally and experimental side when dexamethasone was administered using the intra-alveolar route. Patients were evaluated considering edema, trismus, and pain. The permeability of dexamethasone through the oral mucosa was assessed by in silico prediction. Student's t-test was selected for comparative analysis of edema and trismus, and the chi-square test analyzed the distribution of postoperative pain between the sides. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the routes of administration in measuring symptoms between the pre and postoperative times (p>0.05). In silico prediction suggested that dexamethasone molecular characteristics facilitate intra-alveolar administration. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-alveolar administration had similar efficacy to oral administration in controlling symptoms of post-surgical inflammation of impacted lower third molars.
Asunto(s)
Tercer Molar , Diente Impactado , Dexametasona , Método Doble Ciego , Edema/etiología , Edema/prevención & control , Humanos , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Trismo/etiología , Trismo/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Abstract Aim: Prejudice against women's futsal players is reported in the literature. The perception of prejudice in university futsal may be lower due to the higher educational level of the players and a more open-minded context. This study aimed to describe the experience of young women university futsal players and to explore their perspective on gender prejudice in that sports practice. Methods: Ten women university futsal players (aged 18 to 30 years old) were interviewed. Data were produced and analyzed following a grounded theory approach. Results: The results showed that the athletes perceived they suffered gender prejudice for playing futsal, however, in the university context this was attenuated. The participants experienced diversified practice before specializing in futsal and felt that the support of male family members and friends was important to their engagement in futsal and soccer in childhood and adolescence. However, they also suffered from prejudice against their futsal practice coming from family and friends, struggling with the constant association between futsal practice and hegemonic masculinity. Conclusion: The participants of this study perceived less prejudice in university women's futsal in comparison to other sports contexts. Thus, the university context may have the potential to boost the practice of futsal among women.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Fútbol , Atletas , Teoría FundamentadaRESUMEN
New ceramic formulations based on scheelite tailing were developed, and their potential in the ceramic industry was evaluated. Green bodies with different contents of scheelite tailing (0-8 wt%) were sintered (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C) and characterized in terms of the main mineralogical phases, microstructure, and physico-mechanical properties. The mullite was the main phase identified in all sintered temperatures. This result was also ratified with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, in which small needles of the mullite were detected. The presence of mullite is required because it contributes to increasing the mechanical resistance of the material. The physico-mechanical properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength) were compared to the ISO 13006, and the samples sintered at 1150 °C presented potential to be used as semi-stoneware, while those sintered at 1200 °C and 1250 °C can be employed stoneware and porcelain tiles, respectively.
RESUMEN
The decline in bee populations worldwide has been associated with the use of pesticides in crop systems where these insects forage. The use of biopesticides, like spinosad, is preferred as an alternative method to control pests, because it is considered safer to non-target insects. In this study, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of the spinosad-based formulation Tracer® on foragers of the stingless bee Plebeia lucii Moure (Apidae: Meliponini). Groups of bees were fed a pure diet (negative control) or a diet at different concentrations of spinosad. Positive control groups consisted of bees orally exposed to a diet with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. Next, flight behavior, body mass, and respiration rate were evaluated in surviving bees. The results showed that bees´ survival was reduced by all concentrations of spinosad, when compared with the negative control. Bee locomotion-walking and flight-was reduced in accordance with the increase in spinosad concentrations; however, body mass and respiration rate were not altered. Our results show that the use of Tracer® in ecosystems visited by P. lucii can reduce forager bee survival and reduce their locomotion, generating a negative impact on pollination services provided by these bees.
Asunto(s)
Abejas/efectos de los fármacos , Agentes de Control Biológico/toxicidad , Macrólidos/toxicidad , Animales , Brasil , Combinación de Medicamentos , Vuelo Animal , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Locomoción , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
Excitable temperament disrupts physiological events required for reproductive development in cattle, but no research has investigated the impacts of temperament on growth and puberty attainment in Bos indicus females. Hence, this experiment evaluated the effects of temperament on growth, plasma cortisol concentrations and puberty attainment in B. indicus heifers. A total of 170 Nelore heifers, weaned 4 months before the beginning of this experiment (days 0 to 91), were managed in two groups of 82 and 88 heifers each (mean ± SE; initial BW=238±2 kg, initial age=369±1 days across groups). Heifer temperament was evaluated via exit velocity on day 0. Individual exit score was calculated within each group by dividing exit velocity into quintiles and assigning heifers with a score from 1 to 5 (1=slowest; 5=fastest heifer). Heifers were classified according to exit score as adequate (ADQ, n=96; exit score⩽3) or excitable temperament (EXC, n=74; exit score>3). Heifer BW, body condition score (BCS) and blood samples were obtained on days 0, 31, 60 and 91. Heifer exit velocity and score were recorded again on days 31, 60 and 91. Ovarian transrectal ultrasonography was performed on days 0 and 10, 31 and 41, 60 and 70, 81 and 91 for puberty evaluation. Heifer was declared pubertal at the first 10-day interval in which a corpus luteum was detected. Exit velocity and exit score obtained on day 0 were correlated (r⩾0.64, P<0.01) with evaluations on days 31, 60 and 91. During the experiment, ADQ had greater (P<0.01) mean BCS and BW gain, and less (P<0.01) mean plasma cortisol concentration compared with EXC heifers. Temperament × time interactions were detected (P<0.01) for exit velocity and exit score, which were always greater (P<0.01) in EXC v. ADQ heifers. A temperament × time interaction was also detected (P=0.03) for puberty attainment, which was delayed in EXC v. ADQ heifers. At the end of the experiment, a greater (P<0.01) proportion of ADQ were pubertal compared with EXC heifers. In summary, B. indicus heifers classified as EXC had reduced growth, increased plasma cortisol concentrations and hindered puberty attainment compared to ADQ heifers. Moreover, exit velocity may serve as temperament selection criteria to optimize development of B. indicus replacement heifers.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/psicología , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Temperamento , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos/sangre , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , FemeninoRESUMEN
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great attention owing to their applications in the biomedical field. In the present work, maghemite (γFe2O3) NPs of 6.5 nm were prepared using a sonochemical method and used to prepare magnetic beads through silanization with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS). Subsequently, amino groups in the resulting APTS-γFe2O3 beads were converted to carboxylic acid (CARB-γFe2O3) through the succinic anhydride reaction, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The size of these beads was measured as 12 nm and their hydrodynamic diameter as 490 nm, using TEM analysis and DLS, respectively. The CARB-γFe2O3 beads were further functionalized by immobilizing rabbit antibodies on their surfaces; the immobilization was confirmed by flow cytometry and ionic strength. The samples were further characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy and DC magnetization measurements. Studies on magnetic relaxivities showed that magnetic beads present great potential for application in MR imaging.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/metabolismo , Compuestos Férricos/síntesis química , Microesferas , Animales , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Dispersión Dinámica de Luz , Compuestos Férricos/química , Fluorescencia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Magnetismo , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/ultraestructura , Tamaño de la Partícula , Propilaminas/química , Conejos , Silanos/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Espectroscopía de Mossbauer , Electricidad Estática , Vibración , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Surgical management in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a significant impact in overall survival and progression-free survival. The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) supported a taskforce of experts to reach a consensus: experienced and specialised trained surgeons, in cancer centres, provide the best EOC surgery. Laparoscopic and/or radiological staging prognosticates the possibility of complete cytoreduction (CC0) and helps to reduce unnecessary laparotomies. Surgical techniques were reviewed. Multidisciplinary input is essential for treatment planning. Quality assurance criteria are proposed and require national consensus. Genetic testing is mandatory. This consensus states the final recommendations from BSSO for management of EOC. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology consensus for surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Brasil , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Femenino , Tamización de Portadores Genéticos , Asesoramiento Genético , Hospitales de Alto Volumen , Humanos , Histerectomía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Ovariectomía , Manejo del Dolor , Cuidados Paliativos , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Selección de Paciente , Peritoneo/cirugía , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Derivación y Consulta , Salpingectomía , Oncología QuirúrgicaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to analyze seminal quality of young bulls subjected to different frequencies of gossypol supplementation. Forty-eight Nellore bulls, with 19 months of age and weighing 357.8⯱â¯7.2â¯kg, were used in this study. Animals were fed with 10.5â¯kg of standard supplement containing free-gossypol from whole cottonseed (WCS) at the following frequency: 3x/week (G3x), 5x/week (G5x) or 7x/week (G7x - Control). Additionally, a negative control was provided, and the treated animals received only mineral supplement (MM) ad libtum. The experiment lasted for 84 days and semen was collected at the beginning and at the end for analysis and cryopreservation. Fresh semen was used for initial analysis and plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology were also determined. General motility using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma and acrosomal membranes integrity, mitochondrial activity, and induced oxidative stress were assessed in post-thawed semen. The study design was completely randomized. Parametric data were analyzed by ANOVA and non-parametric data by the Wilcoxon test, using the statistical program SAS. Level of significance was set at 5%. Supplementation with WCS, regardless the frequency, increased total (Pâ¯=â¯.009) and head (Pâ¯=â¯.005) defects in comparison to animals receiving only forage and mineral supplement. Infrequent supplementation, particularly 5 times in the week (G5X), increased head (Pâ¯=â¯.026) and midpiece (Pâ¯=â¯.014) abnormalities. Sperm motility in fresh semen was lower in animals that received daily supplementation than those supplemented on alternate days (Pâ¯=â¯.021). Additionally, animals supplemented daily showed lower percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome compared to those supplemented on alternate days (Pâ¯=â¯.005). Thus, regardless the frequency of supplementation, free-gossypol supplementation affects sperm quality. Although the amount of free gossypol supplied weekly was the same among treatments, daily supplementation compromised sperm kinetics, differently from infrequent supplementation that led to sperm defects developed during spermatogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Bovinos , Gosipol/administración & dosificación , Gosipol/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal/toxicidad , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Criopreservación/métodos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Masculino , Semen/citología , Semen/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência da suplementação sobre a tolerância ao sol e parâmetros fisiológicos de cabras em pastejo. Foram utilizadas 60 cabras (20 Alpinas, 18 Anglo-Nubianas e 22 mestiças Boer), primíparas e multíparas, com peso corporal médio de 49,33±1,41 kg, mantidas em pastagem rotacionada de Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã e suplementadas com dois níveis de concentrado: 300 (NS30) e 600 g/kg (NS60) das exigências diárias em relação à ingestão de matéria seca, avaliadas desde a pré-estação de monta, até, em média 110 dias de lactação. Foram realizadas mensalmente observações visuais da tolerância das cabras ao sol, a cada 15 minutos, durante todo o período que os animais permaneceram no pasto. A frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal foram avaliadas mensalmente, sendo mensuradas às 09h00, 13h00 e 17h00. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar foram registradas a cada uma hora, nos dias de colheita de dados. O grupo racial influenciou a frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal às 13h00, sendo que as mestiças Boer apresentaram parâmetros fisiológicos mais adequados, que levam à maior tolerância ao calor. Não houve influência do tratamento nas variáveis fisiológicas das cabras. As cabras Anglo-Nubianas demonstraram maior resistência à radiação solar direta, permanecendo mais tempo ao sol, sendo as mais indicadas para o sistema de produção em pasto.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplementation on sun tolerance and physiological parameters of goats in grazing. Sixty goats (20 Alpine, 18 Anglo-Nubian and 22 crossbred Boer) primiparous and multiparous, with average body weight of 49.33 ± 1.41 kg were used in this experiment. The goats were kept in rotational pastures of Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã and supplemented with two levels of concentrate: 300 (NS30) and 600 g/ kg (NS60) of the daily dry matter requirements, assessed from pre-breeding season to approximately 110 days of lactation. Visual observations of tolerance of goats in the sun were made monthly, each 15 minutes during the entire period that the animals remained in the pasture. The respiratory rate and rectal temperature were evaluated monthly, being measured at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 5 p.m. Temperature and air relative humidity were recorded every hour, on the days of data collection. Breed influenced the respiratory rate and rectal temperature at 1 p.m., and the crossbred Boer animals showed more appropriate physiological parameters, leading to greater heat tolerance. There was no influence of treatment on the physiological variables of the goats. The Anglo-Nubian goats showed higher resistance to direct sun radiation, staying longer in the sun, being the most suitable for the production system in pasture.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Alimentos Fortificados/efectos adversos , Cabras/fisiología , Termotolerancia , Panicum , Frecuencia Respiratoria , Temperatura CorporalRESUMEN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed with different levels of crambe meal in replacement of soybean meal. 240 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the four levels of crambe meal: 0; 4.37; 8.75 and 17.50%. Chickens fed rations containing the test feed consumed larger amounts of feed and had the lowest weight gains, resulting in the worst feed conversion. The diets free from crambe meal resulted in the highest carcass weights. The inclusion of crambe meal in the chick diet, regardless of the amount tested, affected the amount of fat in the carcass, but did not affect the rest of its chemical composition. The use of crambe meal in natura as a substitute for soybean meal in broiler naked neck diets is not feasible at the dosages used, since it affects the availability of nutrients present in the diet, increasing feed intake, impairing feed conversion and result in lighter carcasses.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte da linhagem de pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de crambe em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 240 pintainhos em quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os quatro níveis de farelo de crambe: 0; 4,37; 8,75 e 17,50 %. Os frangos alimentados com rações contendo o farelo de crambe consumiram maiores quantidades de ração e apresentaram os menores ganhos de peso, resultando nas piores conversões alimentares. A dieta isenta de farelo de crambe resultou no maior peso de carcaça. A inclusão de farelo de crambe na dieta dos frangos, independente da quantidade testada, afetou a quantidade de gordura da carcaça, porém não afetou o restante de sua composição química. A utilização do farelo de crambe in natura em substituição ao farelo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte de pescoço pelado é inviável nas dosagens utilizadas, por afetar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes na dieta, aumentando o consumo de ração, prejudicando a conversão alimentar e por resultar em carcaças mais leves.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Crambe (Planta)/efectos adversos , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Alimentación Animal , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed with different levels of crambe meal in replacement of soybean meal. 240 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the four levels of crambe meal: 0; 4.37; 8.75 and 17.50%. Chickens fed rations containing the test feed consumed larger amounts of feed and had the lowest weight gains, resulting in the worst feed conversion. The diets free from crambe meal resulted in the highest carcass weights. The inclusion of crambe meal in the chick diet, regardless of the amount tested, affected the amount of fat in the carcass, but did not affect the rest of its chemical composition. The use of crambe meal in natura as a substitute for soybean meal in broiler naked neck diets is not feasible at the dosages used, since it affects the availability of nutrients present in the diet, increasing feed intake, impairing feed conversion and result in lighter carcasses.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte da linhagem de pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de crambe em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 240 pintainhos em quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os quatro níveis de farelo de crambe: 0; 4,37; 8,75 e 17,50 %. Os frangos alimentados com rações contendo o farelo de crambe consumiram maiores quantidades de ração e apresentaram os menores ganhos de peso, resultando nas piores conversões alimentares. A dieta isenta de farelo de crambe resultou no maior peso de carcaça. A inclusão de farelo de crambe na dieta dos frangos, independente da quantidade testada, afetou a quantidade de gordura da carcaça, porém não afetou o restante de sua composição química. A utilização do farelo de crambe in natura em substituição ao farelo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte de pescoço pelado é inviável nas dosagens utilizadas, por afetar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes na dieta, aumentando o consumo de ração, prejudicando a conversão alimentar e por resultar em carcaças mais leves.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Crambe (Planta)/efectos adversos , Alimentación Animal , Multimezclas , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência da suplementação sobre a tolerância ao sol e parâmetros fisiológicos de cabras em pastejo. Foram utilizadas 60 cabras (20 Alpinas, 18 Anglo-Nubianas e 22 mestiças Boer), primíparas e multíparas, com peso corporal médio de 49,33±1,41 kg, mantidas em pastagem rotacionada de Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã e suplementadas com dois níveis de concentrado: 300 (NS30) e 600 g/kg (NS60) das exigências diárias em relação à ingestão de matéria seca, avaliadas desde a pré-estação de monta, até, em média 110 dias de lactação. Foram realizadas mensalmente observações visuais da tolerância das cabras ao sol, a cada 15 minutos, durante todo o período que os animais permaneceram no pasto. A frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal foram avaliadas mensalmente, sendo mensuradas às 09h00, 13h00 e 17h00. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar foram registradas a cada uma hora, nos dias de colheita de dados. O grupo racial influenciou a frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal às 13h00, sendo que as mestiças Boer apresentaram parâmetros fisiológicos mais adequados, que levam à maior tolerância ao calor. Não houve influência do tratamento nas variáveis fisiológicas das cabras. As cabras Anglo-Nubianas demonstraram maior resistência à radiação solar direta, permanecendo mais tempo ao sol, sendo as mais indicadas para o sistema de produção em pasto.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplementation on sun tolerance and physiological parameters of goats in grazing. Sixty goats (20 Alpine, 18 Anglo-Nubian and 22 crossbred Boer) primiparous and multiparous, with average body weight of 49.33 ± 1.41 kg were used in this experiment. The goats were kept in rotational pastures of Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã and supplemented with two levels of concentrate: 300 (NS30) and 600 g/ kg (NS60) of the daily dry matter requirements, assessed from pre-breeding season to approximately 110 days of lactation. Visual observations of tolerance of goats in the sun were made monthly, each 15 minutes during the entire period that the animals remained in the pasture. The respiratory rate and rectal temperature were evaluated monthly, being measured at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 5 p.m. Temperature and air relative humidity were recorded every hour, on the days of data collection. Breed influenced the respiratory rate and rectal temperature at 1 p.m., and the crossbred Boer animals showed more appropriate physiological parameters, leading to greater heat tolerance. There was no influence of treatment on the physiological variables of the goats. The Anglo-Nubian goats showed higher resistance to direct sun radiation, staying longer in the sun, being the most suitable for the production system in pasture.(AU)