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The epidemiological data of 502 mycetomas studied in the Department of Mycology, "Centro Dermatológico Pascua", Mexico City, were analysed. Mycetomas prevail in males (79.7%), they are more frequent between 16 and 45 years of age (75%) and among rural workers (62.5%); they preferentially affect lower limbs (62.5%); these data are generally similar to the known publications on the matter. Actinomycetomas are the most frequent with 97.2% of the cases, distributed as follows: Nocardia: 85.6% among which 71.9% are N. brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae: 9.6%, Streptomyces somaliensis: 1.6%, Actinomadura pelletieri: only one case: 0.2%. Eumycetomas, a total of 9, are due to Madurella mycetomi (2), Madurella grisea (2), an undetermined black grain (1), Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. (1), Fusarium, sp. (1), Pseudallescheria boydii (1), and an undetermined white grain (1).

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The nutritional requirements of the mycelial and yeast-like phases of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a human pathogen, were investigated. For all nine isolates tested, mycelial cells were prototrophic, whereas yeast-like cells required a sulfur-containing amino acid for growth. Moreover, changing the source of nitrogen greatly affected the morphology of the yeast-like cells.

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Se hace un estudio comparativo y simultaneo entre la flora fungica de la piel sana y enferma de 100 pacientes con diversas enfermedades cutaneas. Para la toma de muestras se utilizo la tecnica del tapiz. Se encontraron hongos sobre la piel sana en 46% y en numero inferior en la piel enferma, aunque en esta con mayor numero de especies. No se encontro diferencia entre los hongos aislados y las regiones sanas o enfermas muestreadas. Predominaron los generos Penicillum, Aspergillus y Candida. Se concluye que las lesiones humedas favorecen el desarrollo de levaduras, pero que los hongos saprofitos conservan su caracter como tales tanto sobre la piel sana como sobre la piel enferma

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Se describen 3 casos de esporotricosis adquiridas accidentalmente en el laboratorio como consecuencia de la manipulacion del hongo Sporothrix schenckii. Ademas se mencionan otros 3 nuevos casos cuyos datos son bien conocidos. El numero de infecciones de laboratorio por S . schenckii descritos en la literatura es probablemente inferior a la realidad. Se hace hincapie sobre la necesidad de manipular este hongo con precaucion especialmente cuando se trata de grandes volumenes de medios de cultivo

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A peptido-polysaccharide isolated from the culture medium of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been studied. The crude product is a mixture of several polysaccharides releasing, by hydrolysis glucose, mannose and galactose. The purified fraction contains mannose (88%) and galactose (12%). This galactomannan has a molecular weight varying between 4.6.10(4) and 2.6.10(4). It is associated with a peptide containing four amino-acids.

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An endemic area of sporotrichosis is described in the Lake of Ayarza District, South Guatemala, where 53 patients have been observed within 3 years. In 45.3% of the cases, the infection appeared after handling fish. The disease was more frequently observed in man (83%) and in patients less than 30 years of age. The most frequent clinical type was the ascending lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis of the limbs. Some cases of ulcerative or verrucous lesions were seen. Almost all the patients cured rapidly either by potassium iodide (46 patients) or spontaneously, or after application of local heat (4 patients). Intradermal tests were performed in healthy population in the endemic area and, for comparison, in Guatemala City. Whole yeast cell antigens of Sporothrix schenckii and Ceratocystis stenoceras were used in these tests. Skin tests to both antigens were more frequently positive in the endemic area; the highest frequency was obtained with the antigen of C. stenoceras. A serological study was performed in 26 patients. The fluorescent antibody staining technique was more sensitive than yeast cell and latex particles agglutinations. C. stenoceras was isolated from bark of some trees, especially Eucalyptus, in the environment, but not S. schenckii.

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Sporothrix schenckii is a pathogenic fungus for man and animal. Its perfect form is not yet known. Many studies have been made to compare this fungus to ascomycetes belonging to the genus Ceratocystis. This paper summarizes some important data about the ecology and the epidemiology of the fungal complex Sporothrix-Ceratocystis. Previous results obtained by several groups of workers are strongly in favor of a relationship between the two genera. The epidemiological studies carried out in different areas have shown that Sporothrix schenckii and Ceratocystis stenoceras are frequently isolated from the same fragments of plants such as pine or eucalyptus. According to the time and areas, it appears that there is or there is not a relation between the presence of the fungus on the plants or in the soil and the disease. The former case is well illustrated by the epidemic of the Transvaal between 1940 and 1944. Sporothrix schenckii has been found to be present either in endemic areas like Guatemala (around the Ayarza Lake) or in Alsace, or in Corse where no case has been reported for a long time. In France, except for the curious epidemic observed between the years 1903 and 1912, no or very rare cases have been observed although Sporothrix schenckii is abundant in the soil and injuries with contaminated materials are probably extremely frequent. The presence or even the abundance of the fungus in nature is not enough to explain the development of the disease. Some not well known factors are necessary. So as for all disease, the immunological reaction of the host is important and the defects of these mechanisms must be suspected.

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