RESUMEN

Desde finales del siglo XIX, fue posible luchar contra varias de las enfermedades víricas (rabia, viruela, gripe, polio, sarampión, rubéola y parotiditis), que, a lo largo del siglo XX, afectaron masivamente a la población adulta e infantil, a través de programas de vacunación que se establecieron una vez que estuvieron disponibles vacunas seguras para prevenirlas. España fue adoptando estas medidas preventivas progresivamente, especialmente a partir de su incorporación a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1951. Cuando se promulgó la Ley General de Sanidad, en 1986, algunas de estas enfermedades habían podido controlarse y/o eliminarse mediante la vacunación sistemática. El tratamiento que ha realizado la prensa nacional de estos hechos ha sido escasamente estudiado. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la repercusión en la prensa nacional de las campañas de vacunación contra estas enfermedades víricas hasta el año 1986 y comprobar si los medios de comunicación escritos reflejaron las medidas epidemiológicas globales adoptadas por la OMS para combatirlas. Junto a ello, estudiar su posible influencia, tanto en la puesta en marcha de políticas públicas de vacunación, como en el modo de transmitir dicha información a la población en los diferentes contextos sociopolíticos y científico-sanitarios cambiantes del periodo estudiado

Since the end of the 19th century, it has been possible to fight against several viral diseases (smallpox, rabies, influenza, polio, measles, rubella and mumps) that, during the 20th century, had a massive effect on the adult and child population through vaccination programmes established when safe vaccines were available to prevent such diseases. Spain progressively incorporated these preventive measures, especially after its incorporation into the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1951. By the time the General Health Law was enacted in 1986, it had been possible to control and/or eliminate some of these diseases through systematic vaccination. The treatment and monitoring that the Spanish national press has given to the implementation of the vaccination campaigns against these diseases has been little studied. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to analyse the repercussions in the national press of the vaccination campaigns against these viral diseases between 1951 and 1986 and to check whether the written media reflected the global epidemiological measures adopted by WHO to combat them. Besides, to study its possible influence both in the development of public policies of vaccination and in the way how this information was transmitted to the population during the different socio-political and scientific contexts in the studied period

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RESUMEN

La trascendencia de la museología relacionada con la anatomía y la anatomía patológica radica tanto en la conservación de piezas anatómicas naturales o de sus reproducciones, como en la posibilidad de ofrecer un valioso material para fines didácticos e investigadores. Los primeros fundamentos para la enseñanza anatómica fueron los theatrum anatomicum y los «gabinetes anatómicos» de las cátedras de anatomía de la facultades de medicina europeas, a los que sucedieron en siglos posteriores los museos anatómicos y anatomopatológicos. Tras una época de auge durante el siglo xviii, la mayor parte de ellos sufrieron un proceso de decadencia progresiva que llevó a la pérdida de muchos de ellos. En la actualidad se observa un interés creciente en la recuperación y puesta en valor de estas colecciones. Este trabajo muestra una aproximación histórica de su desarrollo y una revisión de la situación actual de los principales museos de España y de Europa

The relevance of museums of anatomy and pathology lies both in the conservation of anatomical specimens and their excellent reproductions and their use in education and research. The teaching of anatomy dates from ancient times, originating in the Theatrum Anatomicum and anatomical cabinets, located in the anatomy lecture rooms of European medical schools. These were followed by museums of anatomy and pathology in successive centuries. However, after a golden period in the XVIII century, there was a progressive decline which eventually led to a dramatic loss of many museums. Currently, there is a growing interest in the recovery and importance of these collections. We present an historical approach to their development and a review of the current situation in the principal anatomical museums of anatomy in Spain and the rest of Europe

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The relevance of museums of anatomy and pathology lies both in the conservation of anatomical specimens and their excellent reproductions and their use in education and research. The teaching of anatomy dates from ancient times, originating in the Theatrum Anatomicum and anatomical cabinets, located in the anatomy lecture rooms of European medical schools. These were followed by museums of anatomy and pathology in successive centuries. However, after a golden period in the XVIII century, there was a progressive decline which eventually led to a dramatic loss of many museums. Currently, there is a growing interest in the recovery and importance of these collections. We present an historical approach to their development and a review of the current situation in the principal anatomical museums of anatomy in Spain and the rest of Europe.

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