RESUMEN
The Sentences of the Constitutional Court no 179/88 and 206/88 have of done modified the system insurance of the professional illnesses. To the old tabular system to the pathologies for which the legal conceitedness of origin is in force they are added those pathologies that need to be shown with burden of test of the applicant. And necessary to resort to the criterion pathogenetic for the geneses pathologies plurifactorialy or to non certain etiology. These innovations determine the necessity of a methodological iter forced for the recognition of the professional illness not table. The authors therefore they propose an iter diagnostic that passes through the recognition of the connection of cause. To such intention the authors examine meaning and limits of the suggested investigations.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Indemnización para Trabajadores/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , ItaliaRESUMEN
In the present work we analysed the possible recognition of professional disease in a subject exposed to ionizing radiation. Haematic parameters were evaluated during the working activity and after the risk's avoidance. Normal haematic values after the pathogenic noxa's avoidance exclude a chronic damage, which in an indispensable datum for professional disease recognition.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Radiación Ionizante , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A chemical product has a level of danger or security which depends on the concentration and on the exposure time. The toxicity of the water is established by the answer (survival) of an animal organism in contact with a specific chemical product in short time. There are several reliable methods in the world; in any case the most significant aspect is given by the mortal concentration of the substance (mg/L) in connection with the organism dimensions. Among the methods we can point out:--% of mortality;--N.O.E.L. (No Observed Effect Level);--LC50. We must know the following data too:--responsable for the product;--registration of the pesticide/biocide;--risk valuation;--T.E.R. (Toxicity Exposure Ratio);--P.E.C. (Predicted Environmental Concentration); measures of detoxication;--ratio product toxicity/usage. The chronic effects concern the health the growth, the survival and the reproduction. These data are used for the management of the risk, the preparation of chemical substance in security, the treatment of accidental poisoning, the determination of TLV and safety level (LD50-LC50) of the substances (pesticide, biocide).
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Plaguicidas/análisis , Contaminación Química del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The suitability to the work is one of the main items of occupational medical doctor's activity, often developed with very few informations about the effective features a worker is about to carry out. Consequently, every appraisal of work suitability is based almost exclusively on clinical analysis. A peculiarity of the problem is the one strictly connected with the Allergic Pathology, since it brings a condition in which the subject under medical exams don't present any operative-limiting pathological condition; he could, anyway, presents a slight limitation connected to a subjective response toward a eventually workplace-based specific allergenic agent. It's important, therefore, the need to show, in case of workers exposed to potentially allergenic substances, that subjective conditions who could cause an abnormal reactivity in presence of a potentially efficient stimulation. The main intention of this piece of work is to develop a study about the utility of bronchial challenge with methacoline in a context of evaluation of work suitability for those allergenic substances exposed jobs.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicina del Trabajo/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this work is focused on the safety and toxicological aspects due to under-pressure industrial plant management, above all in the case which the gas is very dangerous for human health and environment. Here is illustrated the safe method of control of risks through specific choices of engineering devices and chemical process: in this way we have shown the mathematical calculation regarding the case of ammonia flow gas running in the piping and plant under-pressure. In this paper the Authors show the assessment of the technological solution for falling down of a toxic gas as NH3, which lets off from safety values facilities. The under pressure industrial plants with ammonia are protected through the safety valves, settled at 20 bar pressure. The out-let gas flow is capted by a tank of a water bulk of five time theoretical water amount necessary to the complete absorption of gas. In order to prevent any health risk and carry out a safety management, it needs to verify two basic aspects, with connected specific techniques: 1. The safety valves technology through the mathematical calculation of operating device; 2. The absorption process of the toxic agent for controlling of dangerous runaway of gas.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Amoníaco , Ingeniería , Sustancias Peligrosas , AguaRESUMEN
The makers have examined 455 fingerprint cards of accidents at biologic risk needed in a sanitary structure from the month of november 1995 to the month of december 1998. After they have described the protocol of the sanitary supervision applied, the procedure of the accidents, the qualifications, and the departments mainly interested by the subject of study event, they have pointed out the need of a greater vaccinable covering against the virus B, parvying attention to the "non responders" subjects, thinking also it's necessary bigger resources for the personnel, training and information.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Paciente a Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Humanos , Italia , Factores de Riesgo , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
In this work we take under examination the aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (APHs) as a class of organic micropolluting agents which have a considerable impact in the life and in the working environment of man. The authors decided to expressly start this study by proposing the changes pattern cause by APHs according to their chemical-physical reactivity characteristics, in order to realise a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of their toxicologic impact. Therefore, the specific aspects of chemism (reactions of substitution, aromatic electrophilia and addition) of these organic micropolluting agents are studied with particular reference to their chemical structure and to the properties which are the main important cause of every effect of diffusion both in productive environments and of toxicity in the human body. In this way, come toxicologic risk sources, responsible, within some technological cycles for the APHs emission in the working areas, are identified, shown and evaluated; carrying factors, not much investigated till now, which represent a synergic effect to the introduction and absorption of the APHs by the human body. For the necessity of a useful environmental monitoring which could be applied to different matrices, the techniques and the methods useful for carrying out sampling and analytical evaluation in a correct way, are introduced as well. Lastly, the Authors stress on the engagement and discuss the measures of prevention and protection, technically performable on the basis of the chemico-physical-granulometric properties of APHs, with the goal of safeguarding at best health of people occupationally exposed.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/química , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/análisis , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/toxicidad , Contaminación del Aire/prevención & control , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Calor , Humanos , Vehículos Farmacéuticos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/administración & dosificación , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
This study addresses the chemical and toxicological questions due to the wide use of chemical treatment programmes for industrial cooling water. First, natural problems encountered in cooling tower systems were presented and grouped into three categories: (i) scaling; (ii) corrosion and (iii) biofouling. Chemical solutions adopted in industrial plants were outlined for each one in order to minimize damage and categorized as shut-down, production loss, heat transfer reduction, upsets, etc. Above all, the purpose of the work was to identify the most dangerous chemicals normally used, which means sources of chemical risk for safety workers and their environment; thus, symptoms of exposure, prevention measures and protection tools are also described.