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BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles can regulate insulin resistance and control inflammatory response by participating in intercellular communication,while repairing skeletal muscles and promoting skeletal muscle regeneration,which is expected to be a novel treatment modality for sarcopenic obesity. OBJECTIVE:To review the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles,their biological functions,their relationship with sarcopenic obesity,and recent advances in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of sarcopenic obesity. METHODS:The first author performed a computer search of PubMed,Embase,CNKI and other databases for relevant studies involving extracellular vesicle in sarcopenic obesity.The search keywords were"extracellular vesicle,exosome,sarcopenic obesity,obese sarcopenia,skeletal muscle regeneration,skeletal muscle mass regulation"in English and Chinese,respectively.The search period was from June 2022 to November 2022.After screening,87 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Extracellular vesicles are important vectors of bidirectional cell communication and participate in the regulation of normal physiological and pathological processes through autocrine,paracrine and endocrine ways.Sarcopenic obesity is a complex multi-factor disease.Extracellular vesicles are involved in the occurrence and development of sarcopenic obesity mainly by regulating the inflammatory response of skeletal muscle and the homeostasis of muscle cells.Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are released into the extracellular circulation through extracellular vesicle encapsulation and interact with each other to promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipogenesis,which is the main pathophysiology of skeletal muscle atrophy in sarcopenic obesity.Extracellular vesicles not only promote the development of sarcopenic obesity by providing specific pathogenic markers,but also are a valuable diagnostic indicator of sarcopenic obesity.Release of extracellular vesicles from skeletal muscle during exercise enhances metabolic response and promotes skeletal muscle regeneration.Extracellular vesicles can not only be used as therapeutic targets for sarcopenic obesity but also be used to treat sarcopenic obesity by loading drugs to effectively improve drug bioavailability.
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Objective To investigate the chemical composition from the flowers of Callerya speciosa,and reveal the metabolites difference at different flowering periods based on metabolomics technology.Methods The primary and secondary metabolites,volatile chemical components in flowers of C.speciosa were analyzed combined by GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Exactive MS.Principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were performed to identify differential metabolites.Results A total of 332 compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive MS,mainly including secondary metabolites such as flavonoids,triterpenoids,phenylpropanoids.A total of 297 compounds were identified by GC-MS,mainly including primary metabolites and volatile chemical components,such as organic acids,amino acids,saccharides,heterocycles,alcohols.The PCA analysis demonstrated that the metabolites of the four flowering periods were divided into two groups:bud,initial bloom and blooming periods clustered into one group,while wilting period clustered into the other group,the main differences were filtered and identified as flavonoids and triterpenoids,organic acids,respectively.Compared to the upright type,the flowers of vine type contained more characteristic flavonoids as differential metabolites during the bud,initial bloom and blooming periods,and some flavonoids decrease gradually with the development of flowering.Conclusion The results indicated that the flowers of C.speciosa possessed abundant active flavonoid metabolites for further utilization,and the best harvest stage is initial bloom,the best harvest plant is vine type.This study provides a scientific basis for the scientific development and rational use of the flowers of C.speciosa.
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Osteoporosis seriously threatens the living quality of people, especially the elderly, and causes a huge economic burden to society. In the past, bisphosphonates, denosumab and other first-line drugs were used in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, these drugs can only inhibit bone resorption, but can not promote bone formation. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat osteoporosis, however, it has some defects and deficiencies, such as genetic instability, limited cell survival and increased risk of cancer. However, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) can regulate the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts by mediating wingless and int-1 (Wnt)/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, promote bone regeneration, and thus has an impact on osteoporosis. In this paper, preclinical studies on MSCs and MSCs-Exos in the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years were reviewed, in order to provide a new idea for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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BACKGROUND:There are various commonly used interbody fusion methods, such as autologous bone, al ograft bone and titanium-based posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of a bioactive nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 fusion cage in posterior lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar disease. METHODS:A retrospective case analysis was conducted on 16 cases treated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from July 2010 to December 2011, and al the patients were implanted with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biological activity fusion cage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients were fol owed-up for 10-24 months, and the lumbar pain was significant improved, the lumbar visual analogue score, lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and Oswestry disability index score were significantly improved during the final fol ow-up period (Pfusion without nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 fusion cage displacement or subsidence. The results indicate that nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 fusion cage for the treatment of posterior lumbar interbody fusion can reconstruct the lumbar stability and provide immediate stability after implantation, and has good biological activity.
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Bone loss is often presented in the revision of total hip arthroplasty.The selection of appropriate materials to repair bone deficiency in the revision of total hip arthroplasty requires an understanding of the special bioactivity of the materials.The materials provide the bioactivity of osteogenesis,osteoinduction,osteoconduction and mechanical support.The article give a review of the bioactivity and future applications of the materials in repairing bone deficiency in the revision of total hip arthroplasty.
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Osteogenic protein-1(OP-1),also referred to as bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7),has the effective osteoinduction.In reconstructive surgery of the hip,OP-1 could induce greater and earlier new bone formation,accelerate the incorporation of the graft and host-bone,and enfance the fixation of the plant.The characteristics in the molecular biology and it's application in reconstructive surgery of the hip was reviewed.