RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Global advances in reproductive biotechnology have allowed for the transfer of embryos from donor females with high genetic merit to recipients using the cryopreservation technique, which preserves an embryo of excellent quality and viability, thereby achieving a feasible pregnancy rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and viability of Holstein embryos that have been cryopreserved for more than 40 years under glycerol freezing. The embryos were transferred to the recipient heifers using a non-surgical method. Two 17-month-old Holstein heifers (360 kg live weights) which were clinically healthy and reproductively active were used as the recipients. Two bovine embryos of Grade 1 quality were thawed and evaluated for their morphology. Of the two embryo transfers, one pregnancy was achieved, resulting in the birth of a calf. Therefore, embryos frozen in liquid nitrogen and glycerol as a cryopreservative for more than 40 years maintained their quality and viability to produce a live calf.
RESUMO Os avanços globais em biotecnologia reprodutiva permitiram a transferência de embriões de fêmeas doadoras com alto mérito genético para receptoras, usando-se a técnica de criopreservação, que preserva um embrião de excelente qualidade e viabilidade, alcançando, assim, uma taxa de gravidez viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade e a viabilidade de embriões Holstein, criopreservados por mais de 40 anos, sob congelamento de glicerol. Os embriões foram transferidos para as novilhas receptoras, usando-se um método não cirúrgico. Duas novilhas Holstein de 17 meses de idade (360kg de peso vivo), que eram clinicamente saudáveis e reprodutivamente ativas, foram utilizadas como receptoras. Dois embriões bovinos de qualidade Grau 1 foram descongelados e avaliados quanto à sua morfologia. Das duas transferências embrionárias, uma gravidez foi obtida, resultando no nascimento de um bezerro. Portanto, os embriões congelados em nitrogênio líquido e glicerol como criopreservante por mais de 40 anos mantiveram sua qualidade e viabilidade para produzir um bezerro vivo.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Our aim was to describe the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) detected following increased education about pharmacovigilance and drug toxicity in children in Camagüey Province, Cuba. METHODS: Over a period of 24 months (January 2009 to December 2010), all reports of suspected ADRs in children to the Provincial Pharmacovigilance Centre in Camagüey Province were analysed. ADRs were classified in relation to causality and severity. RESULTS: There were 533 reports involving suspected ADRs in children in the period. Almost one third of the reports received were classified as moderate (155, 29%) or severe (10, 2%). There was one fatality in association with the use of ceftriaxone. Vaccines and antibiotics were responsible for most of the ADR reports (392, 74%) and for all ten severe ADRs. After an intensive educational package, both within the community and the Children's Hospital, the number of reports increased from 124 in 2008 to 161 in 2009 and 372 in 2010. This was equivalent to a reporting rate of 879 and 2,031 reports per million children per year for 2009 and 2010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ADRs in children Camagüey Province, Cuba, is greater than previously reported. An educational intervention about pharmacovigilance and drug toxicity in children can improve the reporting of ADRs.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología , Farmacovigilancia , Adolescente , Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos/tendencias , Niño , Preescolar , Cuba/epidemiología , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/inducido químicamente , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Hospitales Pediátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children in Camagüey Province, Cuba. METHODS: A national pharmacovigilance programme has been established in Cuba and involves suspected ADRs being reported to provinces. All suspected ADRs reported to Camagüey Province during 2008 were analysed and classified in relation to causality and severity. RESULTS: Over a 12-month period, there were 124 reports of 152 suspected ADRs in children. Most ADRs were mild (98, 79%), but two were fatal and five others were severe. Antibiotics were the group of medicines most likely to be associated with ADRs. The overall report rate of suspected ADRs was 634 per million children per year, which is considerably higher than previously reported rates. CONCLUSIONS: ADRs in children are more frequent than previously reported. A successful pharmacovigilance programme can be established in lower middle income countries.
Asunto(s)
Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos , Distribución por Edad , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Cuba/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Vacunas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Objective To determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children in Camagüey Province, Cuba. Methods A national pharmacovigilance programme has been established in Cuba and involves suspected ADRs being reported to provinces. All suspected ADRs reported to Camagüey Province during 2008 were analysed and classified in relation to causality and severity. Results Over a 12-month period, there were 124 reports of 152 suspected ADRs in children. Most ADRs were mild (98, 79 por ciento), but two were fatal and five others were severe. Antibiotics were the group of medicines most likely to be associated with ADRs. The overall report rate of suspected ADRs was 634 per million children per year, which is considerably higher than previously reported rates. Conclusions ADRs in children are more frequent than previously reported. A successful pharmacovigilance programme can be established in lower middle income countries(AU)
Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) en los niños en la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Métodos Se realizó un programa de farmacovigilancia nacionales se ha establecido en Cuba y consiste en sospecha de reacciones adversas que se informa a las provincias. Todos los ADR sospechosos notificados a la provincia de Camagüey durante el año 2008 fueron analizados y clasificados en relación a la causalidad y la gravedad. Resultados Durante un período de 12 meses, había 124 informes de reacciones adversas de 152 sospechosos en los niños. La mayoría de las RAM fueron leves (98, 79 percent), pero dos de ellos mortales y otros cinco fueron graves. Los antibióticos fueron el grupo de medicamentos más probable que esté asociado a la ADR. El tipo de informe general de las ADR se sospecha fue 634 por cada millón de niños al año, que es considerablemente más alta que la publicada tarifas. Conclusiones ADR en los niños son más frecuentes que lo reportado anteriormente. Un programa de farmacovigilancia éxito se puede establecer en los países de ingreso medio(AU)
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Humanos , Niño , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/efectos adversos , Vigilancia de Productos Comercializados , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
Lymphocytes possess transporters of serotonin and dopamine, and also contain monoamines. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of noradrenaline transporters, the turnover rate of noradrenaline and serotonin in lymphocytes of major depression patients, and to correlate the biochemical parameters with the severity of the disorder. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood were isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque, and noradrenaline transporter was studied by binding of [3H]nisoxetine: control group (29, age 31.52+/-1.08, 7 men) and major depression patients (35, age 36.68+/-1.69, 6 men), Hospital Vargas de Caracas. Diagnostic was done by criteria of the American Psychiatric Association and severity by Hamilton Scale for Depression. Levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined by HPLC. Turnover rate was evaluated by the ratios of monoamines and metabolites. Correlations were done between the biochemical parameters and the severity of depression. The score of Hamilton for Depression was 22.77+/-0.51. There was a reduction in the number of transporters in lymphocytes of patients, 0.95+/-0.27 versus 4.06+/-1.67 fmol/10(6) cells. Levels of monoamines and metabolites did not significantly differ between patients and controls. However, there was a higher monoamine/metabolite ratio in lymphocytes of patients, indicating a reduction of metabolic turnover rate. Also there was a relative greater concentration of noradrenaline than serotonin in the lymphocytes of the patients, as indicated by the ratio noradrenaline/serotonin. Noradrenergic and serotonergic turnover is decreased in blood peripheral lymphocytes of major depression patients; the reduction in noradrenaline transporter could be related to changes in intracellular levels, and these modifications could result in functional changes of the immune system.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/metabolismo , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Noradrenalina a través de la Membrana Plasmática/sangre , Adulto , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Femenino , Fluoxetina/análogos & derivados , Fluoxetina/sangre , Humanos , Ácido Hidroxiindolacético/sangre , Masculino , Metoxihidroxifenilglicol/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norepinefrina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Norepinefrina/sangre , Serotonina/sangreRESUMEN
As in many other microorganisms, the growth rate of C. tropicalis is affected by phenol. Besides, when the yeast is aerobically cultivated in a medium containing phenol, using a bubble column, the yeast cell flotation phenomenon occurs, which makes the continuous operation of this type of reactor difficult. Therefore, a system of phenol degradation, which recycles the biomass separated by flotation, was devised in this work. In order to reduce the substrate toxicity observed at high phenol concentrations, the bubble column used in the biodegradation studies was fed in a semibatch mode. So, a semicontinuous system was implemented to treat effluents with relatively high concentrations (> 9,000 ppm) of phenol, by replacing periodically about 22% of the bioreactor operational volume. The phenol removal efficiencies obtained with this system were higher than 98.7%.
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Biodegradación Ambiental , Candida tropicalis/fisiología , Micología/instrumentación , Fenol/metabolismo , Biomasa , Reactores Biológicos , Diseño de Equipo , Micología/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
To compare the bronchodilator effects of high-dose inhaled furosemide, we studied 80 patients who were nonsmokers presenting some degree of bronchial obstruction. Of these patients, 40 were given salbutamol (1%) aerosol and the remaining 40 were given furosemide aerosol (100 mg). Respiratory functional tests were conducted at 10 min and 30 min, as well as measurement of pulse and blood pressure. Patients in the salbutamol group showed an improvement in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 7.9% at 10 min and 30 min, and the group given furosemide improved 6.9% (p > 0.05). Systolic blood pressure showed a slight increase of 2 mmHg in the salbutamol group and a decrease of 6 mmHg in the furosemide group (p < 0.05). The same occurred for diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Pulse increased from 73.7 to 75.2 beats per min in the salbutamol group; however, in the furosemide group, pulse declined from 73.7 to 71.8 beats per min (p < 0.05). We conclude that furosemide at a dose of 100 mg has the same bronchodilator effect as salbutamol, as measured by FEV1 and forced expiratory flow of 25% to 75%. Furosemide was also related with a mild hypotensive effect and drop in pulse.
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Albuterol/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Furosemida/uso terapéutico , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Albuterol/administración & dosificación , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Broncodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Flujo Espiratorio Forzado , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Furosemida/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pulso ArterialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic efficiency of the stereotactic thalamotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease not responsive to medical treatment. METHODS: We performed four stereotactic thalamotomies using Leksell's system for the inactivation of the thalamic ventrolateralis nucleus. RESULTS: Upon re-examination 5 to 58 months after surgery, complete relief of tremor, rigidity and pain was observed; only one case showed a light tremor in the contralateral side three months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic thalamotomy is of benefit for the control of medically refractory parkinsonism.
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Enfermedad de Parkinson/cirugía , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Tálamo/cirugía , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inducción de RemisiónRESUMEN
Se realiza una revision actualizada de algunos metodos anticonceptivos, que se utilizan actualmente sobre todo los hormonales y aquellos que se encuentran en fase de experimentacion. En muchos de los metodos anticonceptivos se exponen sus efectos favorables y desfavorables.Como la mayoria de los metodos anticonceptivos revisados, de tipo hormonal, antes de analizar cada uno de ellos se hace una breve resena de la fisiologia de la menstruacion
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Humanos , AnticonceptivosRESUMEN
Se realiza una revision actualizada de algunos metodos anticonceptivos, que se utilizan actualmente sobre todo los hormonales y aquellos que se encuentran en fase de experimentacion. En muchos de los metodos anticonceptivos se exponen sus efectos favorables y desfavorables.Como la mayoria de los metodos anticonceptivos revisados, de tipo hormonal, antes de analizar cada uno de ellos se hace una breve resena de la fisiologia de la menstruacion
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Humanos , AnticonceptivosRESUMEN
Se revisan los aspectos clínicos de la afección tumoral ovárica, y se insiste en realizar las clasificaciones, frecuencia y diagnóstico. Se revisan los distintos medios terapéuticos, y se enfatiza en las medidas profilácticas y procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se presenta una paciente de 70 años de edad, portadora de un tumor de células granulosas, así como otra de 27 con un arrenoblastoma que evolucionó hacia la muerte. Se presentan ilustraciones fotográficas macro y microscópicas de los tumores (AU)